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Experiment - 1: OBJECTIVE - Study and Demonstration of Mechatronic System and Its

The document discusses mechatronics systems and their components. It defines mechatronics as the integration of electronics and computer technology to control mechanical systems. A basic mechatronic system consists of a system, sensors, actuators, and devices for information processing. Sensors detect parameters and send signals. Actuators produce motion in response to control signals. Mechatronic systems offer advantages like increased productivity and standard of living but also disadvantages like high costs and unemployment. Mechatronic systems are widely used in applications like consumer appliances, vehicles, industrial machinery, and more.

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hitesh
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196 views

Experiment - 1: OBJECTIVE - Study and Demonstration of Mechatronic System and Its

The document discusses mechatronics systems and their components. It defines mechatronics as the integration of electronics and computer technology to control mechanical systems. A basic mechatronic system consists of a system, sensors, actuators, and devices for information processing. Sensors detect parameters and send signals. Actuators produce motion in response to control signals. Mechatronic systems offer advantages like increased productivity and standard of living but also disadvantages like high costs and unemployment. Mechatronic systems are widely used in applications like consumer appliances, vehicles, industrial machinery, and more.

Uploaded by

hitesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT - 1

OBJECTIVE - Study and demonstration of mechatronic system and its


components.

THEORY -s

MECHATRONICS
Mechatronics can be defined as the application or the integration of electronics and computer
technology to control the motions of mechanical systems.

It is a multidisciplinary approach to product and manufacturing system design. It involves application of


electrical, mechanical, control and computer engineering to develop products, processes and systems
with greater flexibility, ease in redesign and ability of reprogramming.

Mechatronics can also be termed as replacement of mechanics with electronics or enhance mechanics
with electronics. For example, in modern automobiles, mechanical fuel injection systems are now
replaced with electronic fuel injection systems. This replacement made the automobiles more efficient
and less pollutant.

BASIC STRUCTURE OF MECHATRONIC SYSTEM


A basic structure of the mechatronic system consists of a system, sensors, actuators and devices for
information processing.
 SYSTEM
A system can be thought of which has an input and an output and where we do not consider what the
input is but only the relationship between the output and input. For example, a motor may be thought
of as a system which has as its input electric power and as output the rotation of a shaft.

The system can be purely mechanical, electrical or electronic requiring compatible inputs. But the
mechatronic system is the combination of these systems.

The mechatronic system is made of several systems like measurement system, drive and actuation
system, control system, microprocessor system, and computer system.

 MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

A measurement system is a system which is used for making measurements. It has as its input the
quantity being measured and its output the value of that quantity. For example, a temperature
measurement system, i.e. a thermometer, has an input of temperature and an output of a number on a
scale.

The measurement system consists of mainly three parts:-

1. A sensor which responds to the quantity being measured by giving as its output a signal which is
related to the quantity. For example, a thermocouple is a temperature sensor.
2. A signal conditioner takes the signal from the sensor and manipulates it into a condition which
is suitable for either display or in the case of a control system, for use to exercise control.
3. A display system where the output from the signal conditioner is displayed.
 CONTROL SYSTEM

A control system is a system which is used to control its output to some particular value or particular
sequence of values.

For example, an air conditioner, we can set particular temperature and it works based on sensing the
atmospheric temperature.

Control systems can be classified as:-

1. Open loop control system.


Its operation is very simple, when an input signal directs the control element to respond, an
output will be produced. Examples of the open loop control systems include washing machines,
light switches, gas ovens, etc.

2. Closed loop or feedback control system.


Sometimes, we may use the output of the control system to adjust the input signal. This is called
feedback. “Feedback is a special feature of a closed loop control system”. A closed loop control
system compares the output with the expected result and then it takes appropriate control
actions to adjust the input signal. Therefore, a closed loop system is always equipped with a
sensor, which is used to monitor the output and compare it with the expected result.
Examples of the closed loop control systems include air conditioners, geysers, etc.
 SENSORS
It is defined as an element which produces signal relating to the quantity being measured.

Classification of sensors -:

1) Displacement, position and proximity sensors

• Potentiometer

• Strain-gauged element

• Capacitive element

• Linear variable differential transformers (LVDT)

• Eddy current proximity sensors

• Inductive proximity switch

• Optical encoders

• Pneumatic sensors

• Proximity switches (magnetic)

• Hall effect sensors

2) Velocity and motion


• Incremental encoder
• Tachogenerator
• Pyroelectric sensors
3) Force
• Strain gauge load cell

4) Fluid pressure

• Diaphragm pressure gauge


• Capsules, bellows, pressure tubes

• Piezoelectric sensors

• Tactile sensor

5) Liquid flow
• Orifice plate
• Turbine meter
6) Liquid level
• Floats
• Differential pressure
7) Temperature
• Bimetallic strips
• Resistance temperature detectors
• Thermistors
• Thermo-diodes and transistors
• Thermocouples
• Light sensors
• Photo diodes
• Photo resistors
• Photo transistor

 ACTUATORS
An actuator is a component of a machine that is responsible for moving and controlling a mechanism or
system, for example by opening a valve. In simple terms, it is a "mover".
An actuator requires a control signal and a source of energy. The control signal is relatively low energy
and may be electric voltage or current, pneumatic or hydraulic pressure, or even human power. Its main
energy source may be an electric current, hydraulic fluid pressure, or pneumatic pressure. When it
receives a control signal, an actuator responds by converting the signal's energy into mechanical motion.

Classification of actuators-:

1) Mechanical Actuator
2) Pneumatic Actuator

3) Hydraulic Actuator

4) Electrical Actuator

5) Hybrid Actuator

COMPONENTS OF MECHATRONIC SYSTEM


 Actuators: Produce motion or cause some action. Example:- Solenoids, voice calls, DC motors,
Stepper motor, servomotor, hydraulic, pneumatic
 Sensors: Detect the state of the system parameters, inputs and outputs. Example:- Switches,
potentiometer, photoelectric, digital encoder, strain gauge, thermocouple, accelerometer etc
 Input/output Signal conditioning and interfacing: Provide connection between the control
system circuits and the input/output devices. Example:- Discrete circuits, amplifiers, filters, A/D,
D/A, power transistor etc
 Digital devices: Controls the system. Example:- Logic circuits, micro controller, SBC, PLC etc
 Graphic Display: Provide visual feed back to users. Example:- LEDs, Digital Displays, LCD, CRT

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MECHATRONICS


 Advantages:

1. Lesser working hours for the same production.

2. Reduced lead time.

3. Elimination of set up time.

4. Safer working conditions.

5. Better product quality.

6. Increased standard of living.

7. Greater extend of machine utilisation.

8. Wide area of application.

9. Possibility of controlling remotely.

10. Greater productivity in case of manufacturing organization.

 Disadvantages:

1. Lower skill levels of workers.

2. High initial investment.

3. Retrenchment or unemployment.

4. Not suitable for short product life cycle.

5. Not economically justifiable for small scale production.


6. Multi-disciplinary engineering background required to design and develop.

7. Complexity in identification and correction of problems.

APPLICATION OF MECHATRONIC SYSTEM


ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENTS CAMERAS AND AUDIO EQUIPMENTS
CONSUMER APPLIANCES REFRIGERATORS AND AC’S
VEHICLE SYSTEMS AUTOMOBILES, AIRCRAFTS AND TRUCKS
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS SATELLITES AND RADAR EQUIPMENTS
ONBOARD CONTROL SYSTEMS AEROSPACE, MARINE AND WEAPONS
BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTS MRI, CT SCAN AND AIRPORT SECURITY SYSTEM
INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENTS CNC, TURBINES, PRINTING PRESS
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENTS LARGE AIRCRAFTS, LOCOMOTIVES

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