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 Mid Exam / Spring 2021 (Paper Duration 24 hours)
(Online Assignment Based Question Paper)

Course No.: CS-723 Course Title: Web Engineering

Total Marks: 12 Date of Exams:
Degree: MCS Semester: 3rd Section: A
Marks
Q.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Obtained/
Total Marks
Marks
Obtaine
d
Obtained Marks in Words:
Name of the Teacher: Nuzhat Akram
Who taught the course:Signature of Teacher / Examiner:

To be filled by Student

Registration No.: Name:

(THEORETICAL/PRACTICAL EXAMINATION)

Answer the following questions

Q.No.1.What are the signs of good and bad Web design? Discuss good and bad signs of web
design in your own words? (Marks 04)
Answer:
Sign of Good Web design:
A good web design is easy to understand and is design in a proper way so that the user can
use it easily. feature of a good website.
 A good website is always well design
 It makes information easy to find
 It is SEO friendly
 It disseminate useful information
 A good website captures leads
 A Good website have clear goal

A Good website is always well design :

A web design should have clear logo and tagline should clearly says what you do and why
people should care. A web design should be design in such a way that it really “Speaks” that
for what it is made . A good design should use standards such as font usage and pairings,
layout, colour choice, sizing of elements and graphics that are made for the web.
A Good web design have clear goals :
A good web design have clear goals which means that it should show clearly for what
purpose it is made and what should it provides to the user. The design of the site should
helpfull to these goals.
A Good website makes information easy to find:
A website should be design in such that all the information should properly store in it and it
makes easy to find information.
A Good website captures leads:
There are many user who visit your website and there should no opportunity for those visits
to turn into leads that you can follow up with. We see into if there are things as sign up forms
and social media links which people can use online.
A Good website is SEO friendly:
We look in the code to see how your SEO is doing because after all, a website if it can’t be
found online through a search engine. If a site stuffing in a Meta keywords tag, we will let
you know that is an outdated strategy that could be hurting your rankings

Bad sign of a website:

Following are few sign which make an web design bad
 Wayward Readability
 Offers to Do the Job Without a Contract
 No Portfolio to Present
 Helpless Communication Skills
 Cheating or Too Cheap
Cheating or Too Cheap:
Website architecture administrations are not exceptionally directed, so website specialists can
charge whatever they like. A terrible website composition office may charge too high or too
low, however a decent website specialist checks the overall rates and level with the normal
rates however much as could be expected. Here are a few focuses to recall:

Website specialists have various levels (e.g., taking into account not-for-profits or private
ventures).
Helpless Communication Skills :
A terrible website specialist can't clarify tech terms in layman's language well. A decent
website specialist is learned about website composition patterns and gifted to introduce his
thoughts and coordinate them with yours. On the off chance that a website specialist talks
language, how might you completely comprehend the interaction? You may wind up having
hazy assumptions, questions, and bombed results.
Offers to Do the Job Without a Contract :

While no agreement implies no formality, a space to wrangle at the best cost, and abstaining
from cheating, it likewise implies no ensured assurance. A website architecture contract
ensures you and the website specialist to forestall debates and serious issues later on. An
awful plan organization offers no agreement, and it implies you're not even sure if the work
will be done on your concurred date.
No Portfolio to Present :

Website composition is viewed as a craftsmanship and a science simultaneously, so you need

your site expertly made to guarantee a high pace of accomplishment. A decent website
specialist has a decent eye for alluring website composition and is innovatively sagacious,
similar to a trusted and respectable website composition office Melbourne, who might be glad
to show you their portfolio

Wayward Readability :

Typography is significant while staying away from helpless website architecture also.
Utilizing cursive textual styles can make your substance hard to peruse. Minuscule content in
clashing shadings can likewise leave your guests squinting.

1. Lacking Focus

When people visit a website, they usually visit that site for a reason. Chances are they’re
looking for a product or service. In other cases, they find a brand that matches their personal
values. A website that lacks focus, on the other hand, can leave your visitors feeling
confused.
The moment the site loads, visitors should develop some idea of who you are and what you
do. Otherwise, they’ll waste valuable time looking for clarity.
A website that lacks focus, on the other hand, can leave your visitors feeling confused.
The Fix
1. Make sure to display your products or services clearly. Each page of your website
should have a distinct purpose. Clarifying each page with a unique headline will help
your site visitors recognize why they should explore your site instead of someone
else’s.
2. Then, use a compelling call-to-action (CTA) to compel visitors to become customers.
3. Once your product or service is in clear view, support the page with additional design
elements. For example, you can include testimonials or certifications at the bottom of
the page to build brand credibility.
2. Neglecting Mobile Users
Once you go through the trouble of giving each page a purpose, you want to make sure
visitors can explore the page. Visitors who use your website from a mobile device deserve the
same ease of use as someone visiting from a desktop device.
To avoid bad website design, make sure your site is responsive.
make sure your site is responsive.
Responsive website design ensures your content adjusts according to the window’s width.
When your website is mobile-optimized, it ensures your on-the-go visitors can still interact
with your content. As a result, mobile visitors can navigate your website or complete a form.
Otherwise, you’re missing out on a big number of potential customers.
The Fix
You can use Google’s Mobile-Friendly Test to determine if your website is optimized for
smaller screens. If it’s not, Google will tell you what needs improvement. For example, you
might need to compress your images.
You can also:
 Remove Flash
 Include the viewport meta tag
 Remove autocorrect for forms
 Increase button and text sizes
 Allow visitors to switch from desktop to mobile view
Make sure important information is easy to find so mobile users don’t have to search
around. Learn more about mobile optimization and how it can speed up your site as well!
3. Inconsistent Design
Inconsistent design is its own form of bad website design. When visitors move from one page
to the next, they expect to see the same recurring elements.
If a visitor switches between pages and encounters an entirely new design, they might feel
confused. In some cases, radically different designs can make a visitor think they’re on a
different website.
The Fix
Instead of confusing visitors, make sure to keep certain elements consistent to avoid poor
web design. This includes:
 Fonts
 Color schemes
 The header and footer style
 Form styles
 The layout
 The navigation
 Overall branding
Keeping these repetitive elements consistent will remind visitors they’re on the same site.
3. Inconsistent Design
4. Customers Can’t See CTAs
Your CTA directs visitors to complete a specific action on the page. Bad websites neglect
CTAs, missing an opportunity to turn visitors into paying customers.
The Fix
Make sure your site pages have clear, compelling CTAs. You should also use vibrant, eye-
catching button colors to draw the visitor’s attention. Then, use strong verbs to spark visitors
to take action.
Don’t forget to make sure your CTA buttons are large enough on mobile devices, too!
4. Customers Can't See CTAs
5. Nonsense Navigation
How do site visitors venture from one page to the next? Bad website design makes it difficult
for visitors to explore. Without clear, organized navigation, you’re leaving visitors stuck on a
single page.
The Fix
Make sure the navigation bar is clear, visible, and organized. Too many subpages can leave
visitors feeling lost. Instead, feature the most important pages within your top bar navigation.
Make sure visitors can click each navigation link. Check to make sure the navigation titles are
accurate, too. You can also add a search bar to your site.
Then, use sidebar navigation to further help visitors find what they need.
Don’t forget a full sitemap as well!
6. Poor Quality Imagery
66% of people prefer content that’s beautifully designed over content that appears plain. In
order to avoid bad website design, let your images and illustrations speak for your brand.
The Fix
To improve your website design, make sure you’re selective about the stock images you use.
Instead of using an image to fill space on the page, make sure the image aligns with the copy.
Using imagery that supports your content will add value to the page and draw the eyes.
When using images and illustrations on your site, make sure they’re crisp instead of pixelated
or blurry.
You can even hire a professional photographer instead of using stock photography to ensure
your site stands out.
6. Poor Quality Imagery
7. Wayward Readability
Typography is important when avoiding poor web design as well. Using cursive fonts can
make your content difficult to read. Tiny text in conflicting colors can also leave your visitors
squinting.
The Fix
Take a look at the kerning, tracking, and leading. Using enough space between letters and
words can make paragraphs easier to read.
Avoid using too many fonts as well. Multiple fonts can look crowded, conflicting, or
confusing.
Instead, keep it clean and make sure visitors can read your content.
You can also use shorter sentences and smaller paragraphs. When in doubt, use the Yoast app
to improve your writing style for readability.

signs of good Web design

A good website is always branded and designed well

This is just the surface. We want to find out if your design is updated, if your logo is clear
and if your tagline says what you do and why people should care. In short, we need to know
that your site really ‘speaks’ its brand message in an instant.
Good branding also means professional and current design. This means we consider things
that indicate good design standards such as font usage and pairings, layout, colour choice,
sizing of elements and graphics that are made for the web. Do users have to squint to read
your text because the site was made years ago when screen resolutions were not as high as
they are today? Are text headlines embedded into images because the developer couldn’t get
the font to work as live text from the days before we had font-embeds on browsers? These
types of things are sure signs that change is needed.
Nowadays, it’s also pertinent that the site design is mobile responsive to be able to view
properly on any device. If users have to zoom in to be able to read your content on mobile
devices, or even worse, if some animation does not show up because it is made with Adobe
Flash, your site is already outdated. Responsive design is already ingrained in our web
standards and mobile usages of websites are starting to surpass those of desktop visits.
A good website has a clear goal
People should know in an instant not only what it is you do and why they should care, but
also what it is you want them to do on your website. Do you want them to call you? To click
a “buy now” button? To read your articles and share them online? To sign up for a
newsletter? All of this should be clear at the outset, and the design and layout of the site
should be conducive to these goals.
A good website makes information easy to find
One of the things that results in terrible user experience is poor content architecture. If it
takes too many clicks for users to find the information they’re looking for, or to take the
action you want them to take, then your content architecture plan has failed. According to the
book, Don’t Make Me Think by Steve Krug, users shouldn’t even have to think about what
they are doing or how to get something to work on your website – it should just be intuitive.
Oftentimes sites that are outdated and have had information ‘tacked on’ to them over the
years result in poor content architecture. This is because the original site that was developed
did not consider the future business or content growth. In other words, no one asked, ‘what
will this site need to do in 2 or 3 years? How will my company be different at that time?’ So
when it comes time to add new product info, new company descriptions, new social media
links, etc., the site should be ready for these expansions without disrupting the original design
or goals. Navigation should not break because a new page or functionality is being added,
buttons should all look the same and the design should be consistent throughout the site.
Poor design is also often to blame. This is not about sites just looking good, but also
functioning well for the user. It’s not about what we like as website owners – we always
should be considering how the customer will interact with the site and make use of it. For
example one thing people often mistake for a ‘good website’ is lots of photography at the
tops of pages. It is known from multiple user tests that people on the web scan webpages to
find content and skip over photographs. If your site is forcing users to scroll to get to the
important information they are looking to find, then your site design may need an adjustment.
Even worse, if your site has an intro page that plays an animated video or slideshow, you are
only stalling your users from getting what they want right away. This is not useful to them, it
only seems to ‘look cool’ to the website owner.
A good website captures leads
It would be a waste to have several visits to your website and no opportunity for those visits
to turn into leads that you can follow up with. This is why we look into whether there are
things like newsletter sign up forms and social media links where people can follow you
online. E-mail newsletter marketing is another ball game that requires its own success
strategies, but at the very least, your site should be collecting newsletter subscribers. Any
good Internet marketer will know that ‘the money is in the list.’  A contact form is great, but
that would require manual data entry into a newsletter system list that you can later utilize to
follow up with clients. Contact forms are generally more direct in their purpose, and are used
by people who want to buy right away, whereas newsletter sign ups can be from people who
are not yet in the buying cycle, but do want to stay updated with your VALUABLE
information (i.e. not your sales letters!).
A good website is SEO friendly
Yes, we look in the code to see how your SEO is doing because after all, why have a website
if it can’t be found online through a search engine, right? If your site is keyword stuffing in a
Meta keywords tag, we will let you know that is an outdated strategy that could be hurting
your rankings. Aside from Title tags and Description tags, we also find out if your site is
using alt tags, proper heading tags and if you or your competitors are ranking for important
keywords. We look into your index count, your cache age and what directories you are listed
in. In our more advanced SEO analysis reports (a step beyond the BRAND CHATTER
reports), we find out if your site is using important up-to-date SEO and social media code in
its back end such as:
 A canonical rel link
 Schema.org markup
 Facebook Open Graph
 An XML sitemap
 And other things, as well as how you compare to your online ranking competition.
A good website disseminates useful information
One of the things affecting rankings and traffic generation to websites in a huge way over the
last few years has been content. Google is constantly saying that it wants our sites to
be useful to visitors. With the advent of social media, we businesses are starting to realize that
if we want our brands shared by an army of brand ambassadors on platforms like Facebook,
Twitter, Pinterest and all the rest, we need to be engaging, fun, useful and most of all, not
sales-ey. Brands need to  carry meaning on the web today and there is no better way to do that
than to provide valuable, entertaining and useful content through a blog. Yes, a blog. Does
your company need one? Well in today’s world, if you want to attract visitors through online
traffic generation and SEO, then yes, you need a blog. And the blog can’t just be about your
company news. No one cares about your company. People care about what’s useful and
helpful to them, in their lives, right now. Later on they may remember you for that cake-
baking tip you blogged about and will come back to your bakery for a wedding cake. But for
the moment, it’s time to shine and let your expertise be known by giving away free tips and
advice. Yes – we’re shocking you again; we said free tips and advice. Don’t hold back, give
and you will reap the rewards (I mean really, who is going to bake their own wedding cake?
Not many people, which is why giving a baking tip is not going to hurt your business but
only show how well you know your craft).

Q.No.2.Explain development related characteristics of web application in your own words?

(Marks 04)
Answer: _______ ______

Q.No.3. Elaborate Rational unified process model? Describe it in three perspectives and
discuss all the RUP activities in your own words? (Marks 04)
Answer
Elaboration Rational unified process model:
The primary purpose of the Rational Unified Process is to provide a model for the effective use of
proven commercial development methods, which will be used throughout the life cycle of software
development. Taking things from other software development models, the Rational Unified Process
framework was originally created by Rational Software Corporation, which was acquired by IBM in
2003.
RUP is not a model for concrete development, but rather intended to be flexible and adapt to the
specific needs of our project, team or organization. It is based on a few necessary concepts, for
instance structural elements and development phases, which define how who, when and when
development will take place.
. It is a software development process from Rational. It divides the development process into four
distinct phases that include each business modeling, analysis and construction, implementation,
testing and submission

1. Implementation. Refers to the project idea. The development team decides whether to follow the
project and what resources will be needed.
2. Elaboration. Project construction and the necessary resources are re-evaluated. Developers
consider the possible use of software and the costs associated with development.
3. Construction. The project was developed and completed. Software designed, written, and tested.
4. Transformation. Software is released to the public. And Final updates or adjustments are made
which were based on feedback from end users.
The RUP development approach provides a structured way for companies to visualize creating
software programs. As it provides a step-by-step plan for the development process, it helps prevent
resources from wasting and reduces unexpected development costs.
RUP perspectives and activities
RUP Hosting Best Software Development Practices Integrated process incorporates many modern
software development methods in a way that suits various projects and organizations
 Control changes to software.
I an iterative development there are many work products are frequently modified, By allowing the
requirements to evolve and By allowing flexibility in the execution and planning of the development
and also iterative development ensur that everything and everyone is in sync and emphasizes the
vital issues of keeping track of changes . It Focuse on the requirements of the development
organization, it is a systematic approach to managing changes in design, requirements and
implementation. It also covers the important activities of keeping track of misunderstandings,
defects and as well as project commitments.
 Software Visible Model.
Models for true simplification.They help us to understand and buildthe problem and its solution, and
understanding the larger, more complex systems that we could not fully comprehend. A large part of
the Rational Unified Process is about building and maintaining models for the developing program.

 Develop software iteratively.

iterative approach provide many facilities:
 It lets you take into account changing requirements. The truth is that requirements usually
change. Requirements change and "requirements creep
  Risks are usually discovered or addressed during integration. With the iterative approach,
you can alleviate risks in advance.
 Integration is not one "big bang" at the end; instead, elements are integrated progressively
approximately continuously. With RUP, what used to be a extended time of insecurity and
taking total effort of about 440% at the end of a project.
 Use component-based architectures.
 Continusly verify softwere quality’;
Often people ask why there is no quality work inIntegrated Process In software development, Its
concern for quality is focused on two areas: product quality and process quality.
● Product quality
The quality of the main product produced (software or system) and all its components
contains (for example, subsystems, components, structures, etc.).
● Process quality
The extent to which an acceptable process (including standards and quality procedures) was
initiated and followed during the manufacture of the product.

 Manage requirements.
There are many benefits of effective service management:
● Better management of complex projects. This includes a greater understanding of the intended
program behavior and service restrictions.
● Software quality improvement and customer satisfaction. A basic measure of quality is whether
the system does what needs to be done.
● Reduced project costs and delays. Correcting needs is very expensive.
● Improved group communication. Needs management facilitates user engagement
at the beginning of the process, it helps to ensure that the app meets their needs