Ex.

No : 01
KINETIC STUDIES IN A BATCH REACTOR – I
Date:

AIM:

To determine the rate constant of the reaction between non-equimolar quantities of

sodium hydroxide and Ethyl acetate in a batch reactor at ambient temperature.

CHEMICALS REQUIRED:
Sodium hydroxide, ethyl acetate, HCl and phenolphthalein indicator.

THEORY:

A batch reactor is used for small-scale operation, for testing new processes that have
not been fully developed, for the manufacture of expensive products, and for processes that
are difficult to convert to continuous operations. In the batch reactor, the reactants are
initially charged into a container, are well mixed, and are left to react for a certain period.
The resultant mixture is then discharged. This is an unsteady-state operation where
composition changes with time; however, at any instant the composition throughout the
reactor is uniform. The batch reactor has the advantage of high conversions that can be
obtained by leaving the reactant in the reactor for long periods of time but it also has the
disadvantages of high labor costs-per batch, the variability of products from batch to batch
and the difficulty of large-scale production

Kinetic studies in batch reactor is performed for the reaction between sodium
hydroxide and ethyl acetate and the stoichiometry is given by

PROCEDURE:

 Prepare 1 liter of 0.1N NaOH solution.

 Prepare 1.5 liter 0.1N of Ethyl Acetate solution.
 Transfer NaOH and Ethyl acetate solutions in reactor. Simultaneously start the
Stirrer and the stop watch.
 Pipette out 10ml of reaction mixture from the reactor at the end of every
5 minutes and transfer it into first conical flask / beaker.

1
Ex.No : 01
KINETIC STUDIES IN A BATCH REACTOR – I
Date:

MODEL GRAPH:

2
TABULATION: CAo = mol/lit ; CBo = mol/lit ; m =

Concentration
Volume Volume of Moles of
Reaction of NaOH
of NaOH NaOH NaOH Conversion ln
S.No. Time at time of
consumed unconsumed unreacted XA
(min) arresting
(ml) (ml) (moles)
(mol/lit)

MODEL CALCULATION:
Concentration of NaOH x Amount of NaOH
Concentration of NaOH initially taken, CAo = ------------------------------------------------------------
Total number of sample

x
= --------------------------

CAo = mol/lit

3
  The reaction in the sample is arrested by addition of 0.1 N HCl.
 Titrate the reaction mixture against standard 0.01N NaOH solution using
phenolphthalein indicator and the end point is appearance of pale pink color.
 Repeat the experiment for different time intervals such 5,10,15,20,25 etc., upto
the same amount of NaOH consumed.
 Amount of unconsumed NaOH was determined; by knowing this the value of rate
constant was determined.

RESULT:
The value of rate constant for the reaction between non- equimolar quantities of
NaOH and ethyl acetate has found to be = ____________

4
 Ex.No : 03
KINETIC STUDIES IN A BATCH REACTOR – II
Date:

AIM:

To determine the rate constant of the reaction between equimolar quantities of sodium
hydroxide and Ethyl acetate in a batch reactor at ambient temperature.

CHEMICALS REQUIRED:
Sodium hydroxide, ethyl acetate, HCl and phenolphthalein indicator.

CHEMICAL REACTION:

NaOH + CH3COOC2H5  CH3COONa + C2H5OH

NaOH + CH3COOH  CH3COONa + H2O

THEORY:
The batch reactor is simple needs little supporting equipment and is therefore ideal for
small scale experimental studies on reaction kinetics. Industrially it is used when relatively
small amount of material are to be treated. In the batch reactor the reactants are initially
charged into a continuous well mixed and left to react for a certain period. The resultant
mixture is discharged.
This is an unsteady state operation where composition changes with time; however at
any instant the composition throughout the reaction is uniform.
The general mole balance equation for any reactor is given by,
-
Where, Fjo  Molar flow rate of component in the stream entering
Fj  Molar flow rate of component ‘j’ in stream.
Nj  Number of moles of component ‘j’ inside the reaction
A batch reactor has neither in flow nor out floe of reactants of products, while the
reaction is being carried

If the raeactor mixture is perfectly mixed, so that there is no variation in the rate of the
reaction is being carried throughout the reactor volume,
We can take Vj out of the integral and write the mole balances in the form,

For a reacting mixture consisting of components A and B , the mole balance equation
for components A is

For equimolar quantities of components A and B and if the reaction is first order with
respect to both components A and B the reaction rate is given by

5
Ex.No : 02
KINETIC STUDIES IN A BATCH REACTOR – II
Date:

MODEL GRAPH:

6
TABULATION:

Concentration
Volume Volume of Moles of
Reaction of NaOH
of NaOH NaOH NaOH Conversion
S.No. Time at time of
consumed unconsumed unreacted XA
(min) arresting
(ml) (ml) (moles)
(mol/lit)

MODEL CALCULATION:

7
Combining the mole balance equation and the rate can integrating we get

Expressing equation in terms of initial concentration CAo and conversion XA we get,

t=

Procedure:

 Prepare 1.3 liter of 0.1N NaOH solutions.

 Prepare 1.3 liter 0.1N of Ethyl Acetate solution.
 Transfer NaOH and Ethyl acetate solutions in storage tanks. Simultaneously start
the stirrer and the stop watch.
 Pipette out 10ml of reaction mixture from the reactor at the end of every 5 minutes and
transfer it into first conical flask / beaker.
 The reaction in the sample is arrested by addition of 0.1 N HCl.
 Titrate the reaction mixture against standard 0.01N NaOH solution using
phenolphthalein indicator and the end point is appearance of pale pink colour.
 Repeat the experiment for different time intervals such 5, 10,15,20,25 etc., upto
the same amount of NaOH consumed.
 Amount of unconsumed NaOH was determined; by knowing this the value of rate
constant was determined.

Result:
The value of rate constant for the reaction between equimolar quantities of NaOH
and ethyl acetate is found to be, K = ____________

8
 Ex.No : 04
Kinetic Studies in PFR
Date:

AIM:

To determine the rate constant for the saponification of ethyl acetate and sodium
hydroxide in a plug flow reactor.

CHEMICALS REQUIRED:

Sodium hydroxide, Ethyl acetate, HCl and phenolphthalein indicator.

THEORY:

Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) is an ideal steady-state flow reactor, also known as the slug
flow, piston flow, ideal tubular, and unmixed flow reactor, where flow pattern is plug flow. It
is characterized by the fact that the flow of fluid through the reactor is orderly with no
element of fluid overtaking or mixing with any other element ahead or behind. Actually,
there may be lateral mixing of fluid in a plug flow reactor; however, there must be no mixing
or diffusion along the flow path. The necessary condition for plug flow is the residence time
in the reactor is to be the same for all elements of fluid.

The steady state flow reactor is ideal for industrial purpose when large quantity of
material is to processed and when the reaction is fairly high to extremely high. However
extremely good product quality control can be obtained by the PFR. Tubular reactors are
used most often for gas-phase reactions.

The performance equation of plug flow reactor is

Where
 is space time
CAO is initial concentration of component A
CA is exit concentration of component A
V is volume of reactor
FAO is molal flow rate of component A
XA is conversion
-ra is rate of disappearance of component A

REACTION:
Kinetic studies in PFR is performed for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and
ethyl acetate and the stoichiometry is given by
CH 3 COOC 2 H 5  NaOH  CH 3 COONa  C2 H 5OH

12
 Ex.No : 04
Kinetic Studies in PFR
Date:

DIAGRAM

GRAPH

13
TABULATION:

Volumetric
Flowrate Titrate
CAo CA τ K
(LPH) Value XA τCAo
(mol/lit) (mol/lit) (min) (lit/mol.min)
NaOH Ethyl (ml)
Acetate

CALCULATION:

14
PROCEDURE:
 5 liters of NaOH and ethyl acetate were prepared and filled in tank.
 The flowrate was adjusted to constant and was let to attain steady state.
 After 10 minutes, the product mixture of 10 ml was collected into a beaker
containing 10 ml of 0.1N HCl to arrest the reaction.
 Then the solution was titrated against 0.05N NaOH with phenolphthalein
indicator appearance of permanent pale pink color was end point.
 The experiment was repeated for different flowrates.

RESULT:
The value of rate constant for the reaction between NaOH & CH3COOC2H5 was
found to be
1. K Theoritical =
2. K Graphical =

15
 Ex.No : 05
Kinetic Studies in CSTR
Date:

AIM:

To determine the rate constant for the reaction between equi-molar quantities of ethyl acetate
and sodium hydroxide in the given Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) at ambient
temperature.

CHEMICALS REQUIRED:

Sodium hydroxide, ethyl acetate, HCl and phenolphthalein indicator.

THEORY:

The mixed reactor is an ideal steady-state flow reactor also known as the back-mix
reactor, the ideal stirred tank reactor, the C*, CSTR (continuous stirred tank reactor), or the
CFSTR (constant flow stirred tank reactor) and is used primarily for liquid phase reactions.
In CSTR the contents are well stirred and uniform throughout thus, the exit stream from this
reactor has the same composition as the fluid within the reactor. Consequently, there is no
time dependence or position dependence of the temperature. the concentration, or the
reaction rate inside the CSTR, that is, every variable is the same at every point inside the
reactor. The type of flow in CSTR is referred as mixed flow, and the corresponding reactor is
mixed flow reactor, or MFR.

The performance equation of continuous stirred tank reactor is

For constant density systems

Where
 is space time
CAO is initial concentration of component A
CA is exit concentration of component A
V is volume of reactor
FAO is molal flow rate of component A
XA is conversion
-rA is rate of disappearance of component A

16
Ex.No : 05
Kinetic Studies in CSTR
Date:

DIAGRAM:

MODEL GRAPH:

17
TABULATION:

Volumetric
Volumetric flow rate Titre
flow rate CAo CA τ CAo K
of ethyl value XA τmin
NaOH gmol/lit gmol/lit gmol lit/gmol.min
acetate (ml)
LPM
LPM

18
PROCEDURE:

 Prepare 5 litres of 0.1N NaOH solution.

 Prepare 5 litres of 0.1N Ethyl Acetate solution.

 The flowrate was adjusted to constant and was let to attain steady state.

 After 10 minutes, the product mixture of 10 ml was collected into a beaker containing 10 ml
of 0.1N HCl to arrest the reaction.

 Then the solution was titrated against 0.05N NaOH with phenolphthalein indicator appearance

of permanent pale pink color was end point.

 The experiment was repeated for different flowrates.

Result:

The value of rate constant for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and ethyl
acetate was found to be,

i) K theoretical =
ii) K experimental =

19