INTERIOR DESIGN USING AUGMENTED

REALITY

TAN POH YEE

TECHNICAL SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT

OF THE DEGREE OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

FACULTY OF COMPUTER SYSTEM AND

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

2013
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ABSTRACTS

This project provides the public with an attractive and interactive interior design
application using Augmented Reality. Nowadays, there are a lot of people familiar with
the computer system and communication technologies. Hence this exploring the
prospect of a new form of Virtual Reality (VR) application called Augmented Reality
(AR) technology develops more rapidly. Augmented reality is a field of research which
deals with the combination of real-world and virtual environment. It is an environment
that applies between virtual reality and real environment. There are several problems
induce me to create an interior design application in AR. Nowadays, people are busy
with their work. People are no time to go to various stores to buy furniture for their
home, shop or office. There is difficult to fulfil the customer„s contentment of decorate
their room without imaginary picture to refer. Printed furniture catalog is basically a
paper based information with lots of texts and images which does not provide any
interaction for the user. And people can‟t view a better graphics of visualization because
the design layout is statically presented on papers.
Due to that, AR and 3D technology must be applied into interior design area. It
is an application which includes furniture and furnishings will develop in three-
dimensional surface of object and present by using augmented reality. It will perform
the interactive and attract the attention from the public. In this project, I choose
Waterfall methodology as a guideline to develop my product throughout this project. By
having a methodology, I can carry out my project successfully. As we know, augmented
reality technology is still new in our country, but it is a fact that AR technologies would
potentially to be the future technology trend to the public.
Keywords: Augmented Reality, interior design application
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ABSTRAK

Projek ini menyediakan reka bentuk aplikasi dalaman secara menarik dan
interaktif kepada masyarakat dengan memggunakan Realiti Augmented. Kini, terdapat
banyak orang yang biasa dengan sistem komputer dan teknologi komunikasi. Jadi ini
menerokaan prospek bentuk baru terhadap Realiti Maya (VR) atau teknologi dikenali
Realiti Augmented (AR) telah berkembang dengan pesat. Realiti Augmented (AR)
adalah satu bidang pengabungan antara dunia sebenar degan persekitaran yang bermaya.
Terdapat beberapa masalah yang mendorong saya untuk mewujudkan sebuah reka
bentuk aplikasi dengan AR teknologi. Kini, masyarakat kejar dengan kerjayaan mereka.
Mereka tiada masa untuk melawat kedai-kedai perabot membeli perabot untuk rumah,
kedai dan pejabat mereka. Pelanggan tidak dapat memuas hati terhadap penghiasan bilik
mereka tanpa merujuk gambaran khayalan yang disediakan. Katalog perabot bercetak
pada asasnya adalah maklumat kertas dengan banyak teks dan imej yang tidak
menyediakan sebarang interaksi untuk pengguna. Dan orang ramai tidak dapat melihat
grafik yang lebih visualisasi kerana reka bentuk asal dibentangkan secara statik atas
kertas.
Oleh itu, AR dan teknologi 3D harus diterapkan ke dalam aplikasi reka bentuk
dalaman. Ini adalah sebuah aplikasi yang mengandungi perabot dan hiasan perabot
dengan menwujubkan dalam bentuk tiga dimension dengan Realitit Aungmented.
Dalam projek ini, saya memilih kaedah Waterfall sebagai garis panduan untuk
membangunkan produk tersebut. Dengan metodologi yang sesuai, saya dapat
menjalankan projek saya secara berjaya. Seperti yang kami diketahui, teknologi
augmented reality masih mundur di negara kami, walaubagaimanapun, teknologi AR
berpotensi untuk menjadi trend teknologi masa depan kepada masyarakat.
Kata kunci: Augmented Reality, aplikasi reka bentuk dalaman
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE
DECLARATION ii
SUPERVISOR DECLARATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv
ABSTRACTS v
ABSTRAK vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES x
LIST OF FIGURES xi

SECTION CONTENT PAGE

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 1
1.1.1 Problem Statement 2
1.1.2 Objectives 3
1.1.3 Scopes of this project 5
1.2 Review of previous work/research 5
and relationship to current project

1.3 Explain the current system and its 8

limitation
1.3.1 Current system 8

1.3.1.1 uDecore 8

1.3.1.2 SnapShop Showroom 9

1.3.1.3 IKEA Catalog Complete Home 10

Furniture

1.3.1.4 E-Commerce 11

1.3.2 Problems in the existing system 11

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1.4 Explanations of terminology if any 14

1.5 Scope 15

1.5.1 Software and Hardware Used 15

1.6 Outline of material presented in 16
rest of report

1.6.1 User requirement 16

1.6.2 Technique/theory/modelling/flow 16
chart/storyboard/all relevant
diagrams

1.6.3 Methods and materials used 17

2.0 REPORT BODY

2.1 Introduction 19
2.1.1 Planning Phase 20
2.1.2 Analysis Phase 23

2.1.3 Design Phase 26

2.1.4 Implementation Phase 31
2.1.4.1 Software Installation 32
2.1.4.2 Create 3D Model 37
2.1.4.3 UV Mapping 38

2.1.4.4 Texture Mapping 39

2.1.4.5 Application Interfaces 41

2.1.4.6 Application Development 49

2.1.5 Testing Phase 68

2.1.5.1 Unit test 68

2.1.5.2 First and second menu 69
interface

2.1.5.3 Display 3D Model 69

2.1.5.4 Button for “Take Picture”, 70
“Save Screen” and “Reset”
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2.1.5.5 Enlarge and minimize of 3D 71

Model

2.1.5.6 Rotate of 3D Model 71

2.1.5.7 Translate of 3D Model 71
2.1.5.8 Observation 72
2.1.5.9 Interview with questionnaire 74
2.1.6 Maintenance Phase 79

3. 0 CONCLUSION
3.1 Conclusion 80

REFERENCES 82
APPENDICES APPENDIX A -
GANTT CHART

APPENDIX B -
USER MANUAL/GUIDE

APPENDIX C –
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
FORM
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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE

1.1 List of the hardware used in 15

system
1.2 List of the software used in 15
system

2.1 Interaction technique that will be 20

used in this system

2.2 Testing on function of first and 69

second interface

2.3 Testing on function of list of 70

thumbnails

2.4 Testing on function of the virtual 70

buttons

2.5 Testing on control the size of 3D 71

model

2.6 Testing on control the rotation of 71

3D model

2.7 Testing on control the translation 71

of 3D model

2.8 Unit Test Summary Result 72

2.9 Observation when user use the 72

application
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LIST OF FIGURE

Table NO. TITLE PAGE

1.1 Mixed Reality (MR) 6

1.2 Object moved and rotated to a 7

place (left)

1.3 Marker erased and shadows added 7

(right)

1.4 Design for a dining room (left) 8

1.5 Design for a living room (right) 8

by using uDecore

1.6 Design of a virtual chair by using 9

SnapShop Showroom

1.7 Design of IKEA Catalog 10

1.8 Design of IKEA Catalog2 10

1.9 Design of E-Commerce Website 11

1.10 Augmented Reality with cell- 14

phones
1.11 Virtual environment with CAVE 14

1.12 Flowchart Diagram of Interior 17

design application using
augmented reality

2.1 Waterfall model 20

2.2 Flowchart Diagram of Interior 21

design application using
augmented reality

2.3 Flowchart Diagram of System 22

Development of Interior design
application using augmented
reality
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2.4 Sequence diagram of interior 23

design application using
augmented reality

2.5 Result for user requirement 24

(Questionnaire - Question 2)

2.6 Result for user requirement 25

(Questionnaire – Question 5)

2.7 Result for user requirement 26

(Questionnaire – Question 3)

2.8 Tracking pattern for the interior 27

design application

2.9 Storyboard for the application 28

2.10 Interface when camera turns on 29

2.11 Function of the system 30

2.12 Interactions within System 31
2.13 The Android SDK Manager 34
shows the SDK packages that are
available, already installed, or for
which an update is available

2.14 Select import source 35

2.15 Select root directory 35

2.16 Screenshoot of 36
SDK_Example project in
the Package Explorer

2.17 Screenshoot of 37
SDK_Example and metaioSDK
project in the Package Explorer

2.18 Sofa model had been created by 37

using Maya software.

2.19 Texture file 38

2.20 UV map in Maya 38

2.21 UV map with texture 39

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2.22 Final result 39

2.23 Model in Maya 39

2.24 Blinn material and file 40

2.25 model with UV map 40

2.26 model with UV texture map on it 41

2.27 HTML code for first interface 42

2.28 HTML code for second interface 44

2.29 CSS code for first and second 46

interface
2.30 First menu interface 47

2.31 Second interface shows getting 48

start and instruct user how to use
the application
2.32 Brush the texture background of 49
the images thumbnail

2.33 Tutorial7.java in Eclipse 50

2.34 Create an Assets7 folder in 51

Eclipse
2.35 Coding of set up tracking 51

2.36 Coding of set the coordinate 52

offset
2.37 Coding for take picture with SDK 52

2.38 Coding for set pattern for tracking 53

2.39 Coding for save screenshot 54

images
2.40 Coding for reactivate the camera 55

2.41 Coding for load the model 56

2.42 Coding for call the models 56

2.43 Coding for layout used 57

2.44 Coding structure of 57

MainActivity.java
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2.45 Tutorial7.xml 62

2.46 Interface shown in eclipse 63

2.47 button_ chair.xml 64

2.48 Green play button on the tool bar 65

in Eclipse
2.49 The apk is launching 65

2.50 Bin directory which the apk 65

located
2.51 First interface getting start pop-up 66

2.52 Interface that navigate user to 67

start the application

2.53 Camera turns on and point to the 68

design spaces

2.54 Observation result on using the 73

application

2.55 Observation result on 73

application‟s flaws

2.56 Observation on application‟s 74

functionality

2.57 Questionnaire distributed to get 75

the response from the users

2.58 Result of questionnaire (Time to 76

execute the whole system)

2.59 Result of questionnaire (Do you 76

think it is easy to use this
application?)
2.60 Result of questionnaire (Does the 77
application navigate and guide
you to the next page?)

2.61 Result of questionnaire (3D 77

Models)

2.62 Result of questionnaire 78

(functionality)
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PART 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

It seems that every few years, people all over the world are increasingly using
Augmented Reality and 3D technology in their daily life. As computer technology
getting better, augmented reality and 3D technology developed more rapidly.
Augmented Reality (AR) is a branch of computer science research and Virtual Reality
(VR) are deals with augmenting the environment with computer-generated information.
It is the technology that strengthens the view of the real world of the user with
computer-generated information. AR is a field of research which deals with the
combination of real-world and virtual reality. Most often, the augmentation is visual. It
is not just visual augmentation is important, but it is also necessary to possess auditory
augmentation (computerized earpiece whispers information into a person‟s ear), touch
augmentation (also called haptic augmentation) or augmentation via a personal digital
assistant (PDA).

While for 3D, refer to the Wikipedia description, 3D computer graphics are
graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data that is stored in
the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering 2D images. In
3D computer graphics, 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical
representation of any 3D surface of object through specialized software. The product is
called a 3D model which gives a better graphics of visualization.

So here, a project titled “Interior design using Augmented Reality” has been
proposed. It is an application which the furniture and furnishings will develop in three-
dimensional surface of object and present by using augmented reality. It is the
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application that can be use in the mobile phones, tab and etc, especially using Android
platform to choose furniture that suitable for their house.

1.1.1 Problem Statement

Wang, Gu, David, Gong & Kim (2007) state unfortunately AR is still not carry
out as a real output in the field of architectural design although it actually matured from
a pure research field into certain practical industrial applications. This showed that
Augmented Reality has had a relatively slow transition into the architecture design
sector. For the reason of that, these cause several problems.

Nowadays, people usually will go to the shop for samples to decorate house and
room. But majority of the people are busy with work. People are no time to go to
various stores to buy furniture for their home, shop or office. It is also difficult to let
alone taking it out and trying it at home. If found out that the furniture is not suitable to
the house, then the furniture needs to return to the furniture shop. Even if have time to
go to the furniture shop, after visit to the shop, people may found out that there is none
of the furniture that fulfils requirement. Hence there should have a way to let people use
their mobile to view a 3D interior design in anyway and anytime before it populate with
the real items.

Next, that is difficult to fulfil the customer„s contentment of decorate the room
without imaginary picture to refer will make them confuse. And that is so hard to choose
the sofa that suitable to the house at the furniture shop. Normally, people will ask the
opinion or suggestion from the staff of the furniture shop when can‟t decide which
furniture is suits the house. Hence, the staff of the furniture shop will recommend some
of the furniture that may suitable. For the reason that there are limited spaces, so not all
the furniture is display in the furniture shop. Thus, staff of the furniture shop may use
words to express on the design of the furniture that are not display in the shop. It„s hard
by explain in words, customer normally do not get a good picture of the design of the
furniture because discuss without a visual design. It„s really wasting time and energy.

Other than that, there are a lot of people throw off the furniture catalog. There
are few reasons that people act like that. Many catalogs that obtain from the public are
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not attractive enough. Although some catalog have nice and colourful design, but the
picture printed on the catalog is stark and lifeless, that is difficult to attract user‟s attention.
Other than that, many catalog contain a lot of description, users not willing to waste their
time on reading a catalog that contain a lot of unnecessary information. It is bored to
look on this type of furniture catalog.

On the other hands, in the industrial design field, some of the designers have
used sketches with pen on paper to explore and evaluate early concepts (Tek, 2009).
This is usually drawn in 2D or 3D hand sketch. In this case, if the interior design
furniture is present in hand sketch, designer often encounter situations in which client
can‟t view a better graphics of visualization. For example, client can‟t view the design
of the table, chair, cabinet and etc more effectively.

Hence, below are the problem statements that can be stress in order to
implement in this project:
i. People no time to go to various stores to buy the furniture and furnishing.
ii. Difficult to fulfil the customer„s contentment of decorate their room
without imaginary picture to refer.
iii. There are a lot of people who will throw off the catalog.
iv. People can‟t view a better graphics of visualization

1.1.2 Objectives

Currently, augmented reality technology is not well known in the market of

Malaysia. But AR technologies would potentially benefit design modifications and
refinements due to the support for viewing the design. Nowadays, AR technology has
been brought into the field of education, entertainment, commerce, military and etc.
Therefore, the main objective of this project is to create an interior design application
using augmented reality which to benefit people. It is to enhance traditional catalog
which only printed with 2D images. User just needs to download the application and
install it in their device. Then play with the 3D virtual furniture in the house spaces. By
having an interior design application, user can view the front view, side view and back
view of the virtual furniture and at the same time interact with the virtual model.
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The next objective is to provide user a new interactive technology to be practise

in interior design. It is so interesting to enhance perception of and interaction with the
real world. Three types of gestures have been included in this application which is drag,
pinch and rotation gesture. And user is allowed to view the 3D virtual model of the
furniture in real-time. Users just need to install the application in the device and start to
design the ideal environment with several 3D virtual furniture models. Then choose
furniture from the list and the model will appear on the screen of the device. User can
drag, rotate, enlarge and minimize the 3D furniture model to fit the model in the house.
This technology has great potentials to reduce costs, shorten design time for decorate
the home space or room (Wang et al., 2007).

The other objective to develop an augmented reality mobile application in

interior design that more convenience to the user. By having this augmented reality
application, user can use their mobile to view a 3D interior design in anyway and
anytime before it populated with the real items. That is the point of interior design using
augmented reality application in Android was recommend, which is providing a more
precise, power-driven and easier platform for users to choose the furniture that suit to
the room or house, without wasting their time and energy to go to various store. User no
needs to ask the advice from the expert on how to decorate the house because user can
decorate the room or house on own phones by using the application.

Last but not least, an augmented reality application for interior design is
developed to produce realistic virtual furniture model in interior design. It gives the
feeling of realistic. That is the 3D virtual furniture will looks similar to the real furniture
model. Therefore, by looking on the 3D virtual model that appears on the screen, user
will have a feeling of realistic. And can decide which furniture is suit to their house.

Therefore, the objectives of the research are:

i. To create an interior design application using augmented reality technology.
ii. To provide users a new interactive technology to be practiced in interior design.
iii. To develop an augmented reality mobile application in 3D interior design that
more convenience to the user.
iv. To produce realistic virtual furniture model in interior design similar to the real
furniture.
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1.1.3 The scopes of this project are:

i. User
- Everybody that has mobile gadget to use the augmented reality application to
design their room or house with virtual 3D objects.
ii. Furnishing companies
- Implement augmented reality application with virtual 3D representation furniture
and furnishings for their customer.
iii. Content application
- The application is an interactive AR application. The model focus is the furniture
of the living room. So, the 3D models that develop will be the furniture of the living
room. In order to use this application, user needs to have camera on their device.
After that, user just needs to install the application, turn on the application and point
the camera to the living room. User can take a picture of the design space and set the
image as tracking pattern. Then, user can choose the furniture from the list and the
sofa‟s image will be overlaid on the room. The whole process can then be reset by
reactivating the camera. Last, a screenshot can be saved for further refer.
iv. Interaction technique
- Three types of gestures have been provided in this application such as drag, pinch
and rotation gesture. User can drag, rotate, enlarge and minimize the furniture model
in order to fit in their house. At the same time, user can view different dimension of
the 3D virtual object such as the front view, side view and back view of the model by
rotate the model with fingers.

1.2 Review of previous work/research and relationship to current project

Phan & Choo(2010) states that few previous authors had proposed interior
design application by using Augmented Reality (AR). They are authors Koller, C.
Wooward, A. Petrovski; K. Hirokazu, et al. The related equipment such as data glasses
connected Head-mounted display (HMD). Additional, various lightweight solutions
using a PDA device has been recommended by the AR Team in Findland (S. Sitanen
and C. Woodward, 2003). Nevertheless, this equipment uncommonly used by users.
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In an AR environment, User can play with the virtual furniture that displayed in
real-time on the screen. It provides a platform that users can interact with the virtual
object in a real space. Hence, this research suggests a new way to apply AR technology
in the interior design work. With dynamic and flexible user interface, user can look at
the virtual object and correspond with the 3D virtual object.

For the reason of Augmented Reality (AR) covering of computer graphics on the
real world, this make it became a novel technology. AR is also termed Mixed Reality
(MR), mixed reality (MR) which encompassing both augmented reality and augmented
virtuality.

Figure 1.1: Mixed Reality (MR)

From other research paper, Charles and Sanni have experimented Augmented
Interiors with Digital Camera Images. Based on the paper, they develop a system for
Augmented Reality interior design based on digital images. With just PC, digital camera
and printer, they successfully introduce a solution for augmented interior design. Those
are the things that can simply get. The marker can place on anyway of the floor of the
space of the house. It will determine the scale and coordinate of the space of the house
after the marker has been place. This provides the opportunity to let user to choose the
virtual furniture that they want to be placed into the spaces. Actually similar system has
earlier been presented, but the specialities of this system are added more functionality to
the user interface and improved implementation issues. For example, there is ability to
manage objects and adding lighting and shadows to increase the level of realities. They
also point out the important of removing the marker from the final images.
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Figure 1.2: Object moved and rotated to a place (left) and Figure1.3: Marker erased
and shadows added (right)

The other research paper, Tiina and Sanni (2012) describe a process of the
collaborative design and fulfilment request of an interactive interior design service
system. The technological purpose was to create interior design concepts that utilize
augmented reality (AR), 3D models and user-generated content within the system
framework. They come out with the important AR features of the interior design service
such as realistic lighting, and number of variety furniture models available. By using the
AR technology, it is important to let user visualise a lighting that are more real for the
whole day weather based on the location of the windows. This can provide user more
realistic light when use the system. With the 3D representation of interior design, user
also can‟t view a better graphics of visualization. For example, User can view the design
of the table, chair, cabinet and etc more effectively.Finally, it was important to let user
or designer to sense that decorate the rooms and establish a plan was interesting and
pleasure when using the interactive interior design service system.

In the future, it believed that many developers will seek augmented reality
interaction more deeply, providing interior designer, Furniture Company and etc with
more function augmented reality design tools. It also let user interact with a virtual
object with simple and easy to use tracked physical tools.
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1.3 Explain the current system and its limitation

1.3.1 Current system

1.3.1.1 uDecore

The existing system such as uDecore application makes a big difference when
compared to traditional method of furniture catalogue. That is uDecore permit user view
the 3D furniture and furnishing models in the house spaces using an AR technology. By
using this application, user can create ideal environment by decorate the room with
different styles of furniture. This application provided up of hundreds of furniture
models then commission the appearance and place in house space.

The furniture models are always stored in user device so users have no worry
when there is no internet connection. User just needs have camera to visualize furniture
models using augmented reality method. User can see the pop-up interior design model
such as chair, table, cabinet and etc from any perspective view. It let user embark in the
environment both real and virtual knows as mixed reality.

Figure 1.4: Design for a dining room (left) and Figure1.5: Design for a living room
(right) by using uDecore
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1.3.1.2 SnapShop Showroom

SnapShop Showroom is a tool that helps user to visualize different furniture in the
house before purchase the real item. SnapShop Showroom is a free augmented reality
application that everyone can easy download it. There are few simple several steps to
use this application. First, select a sofa from the libraries provided in the application,
and then the sofa‟s image will be overlaid on the room. Users can move the sofa around
in order to fit to the room and change the colours of the sofas. The image can be saving
by using this application.

Figure 1.6: Design of a virtual chair by using SnapShop Showroom

According Tek (2009), there has been more emphasis on creating new user
experience which is satisfactory and enjoyable. For the reason of that, it is important
that 3D environments and models are not only looking real, a sense of attractive is also
very important. It brought beneficial to let user or designer to feel that decorate the
house space was a relax job and feel fun when using the application.
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1.3.1.3 IKEA Catalog Complete Home Furniture

Figure1.7: Design of IKEA Catalog

Figure 1.8: Design of IKEA Catalog2

The existing catalog such as IKEA‟s catalog has just introduced the 2012 IKEA
catalog of design furniture and home decor for IKEA supporter. This catalog contains
the latest information about the new furniture. It contains the products for trends 2012.
This catalog consist the category of dining room, bedroom, bathroom, lighting, child,
home organization, workspace etc. For the reason that it consists of variety of furniture
and furnishing, people normally can find and get the ideal furniture. This catalog can
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fulfil user requirement. However, some people are prefer go to the various store to look
the furniture on spot instead of read on a catalog.

1.3.1.4 E-Commerce

E-Commerce is the web services that provide online shopping. Nowadays, many
people do online shopping through E-Commerce. This is because there are many
choices of products have been provided in this website. By browse the website, user can
gather information about products and prices. This make E-Commerce become a
favourite place that people like to browse for the product.

Figure 1.9: Design of E-Commerce Website

1.3.2 Problems in the existing system

Laurel & Mike (2004) states that Project management tools also have
limitations. For the reason they use crucial path method schedules, those tools do not
display the 3D space and the fourth dimension of time, it is difficult to visualize and
communicate the schedule and analyze the sequence of construction.
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There are some problems of e-commerce website. Sometimes people prefer

onsite shopping instead of e-commerce and online shopping due to the limitation of 2D
printed images or picture. Lack of product‟s information make shopper not relieves to
buy the product especially for products like ornaments, clothing and furniture. People
may worry the product is not suitable after bought and this is really wasting time and
money. For the reason of that, AR has been applying to E-Commerce system. By using
an AR in E-Commerce system, sales people can promote the product by display the
virtual model of the product. It mixes a 3D virtual model with real environment.
However, through the feedback from the consumers, some mentioned that the AR E-
Commerce system is not stable. People also give the response that sometimes can‟t see
the virtual object. Hence, there is still needs some improvement on the e-commerce
website.

Based on the IKEA Catalog as showed in Figure 1.7 and 1.8, there are some
printed 2D pictures with the description of the products. Some users may want to read
the content of the catalog to get more detail information. But majority of the people do
not want to read the content of the catalog as there are too much information such as the
catalog in Figure 1.8. That type of catalog contains a lot of text and font size is small.
This makes the catalog difficult to read especially for elderly. However, there are some
of the catalog that is well design which can deliver the appropriate information to the
users such as the catalog in Figure 1.7.

Other than that, the production cost of a catalog is high. Furniture Company
normally needs to print up to thousand of the catalog once a year. In order to lower the
production cost, Furniture Company will decrease the number of pages of the catalog.
By doing this, more product need to place on the same page of the catalog. Display the
few images of the same product in a page of catalog is necessary. Hence, this cause the
catalog is hard to accommodate the images for other types of products and descriptions.
And it would be such a waste of space to display the few images of the same type of
product.

Many catalogs that obtain from the public are not attractive enough. Although
some catalog have nice and colourful design, but the picture printed on the catalog is
stark and lifeless, that is difficult to attract user‟s attention. This end up with lot of
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people throws off the catalog. Other than that, much AR application is only focus on
augmenting the visual sense. It is not attractive enough if the application is just
augmenting with visual sense. It is important to consider other sense such as hearing.
This is to enhance the real world for better human experience. Nowadays, many systems
have indicated auditory AR environments.

Next, there are not a lot of standalone applications for interior design using
augmented reality. Most of the application required good internet connection to view
auras. If people are often in areas where there is no internet connection. The standalone
application can be very useful. That must be an application that can stores the more
relevant information on tablet or mobile phone. User can update the information of the
application once there is Wi-Fi connection. Hence that is no need to connect to the web
to view auras.

User need to install plug in order to achieve Augmented Reality in a browser.

There are many current web browser required download and install the web browser
plug-in in order to load, show and render live 3D models. User need to install plug-in to
view the 3D models. Several plug-in, for example, Flash, dedicated plug- in, and others
actually brings a huge amount of weak point to the system such as the loading rate are
slow and requires client site installation.

Last but not least, most existing AR systems are difficult to use or in other
words, not user friendly. This can be seen in application of uDecore and SnapShop
Showroom. Through the researches of public reaction, there are some of the users gave
feedback that do not know how to use the application. As we all know, AR applications
become well-known in the market of design field, the systems not just used by the
expert users but also non-expert users. Hence, this AR application should be easily to
use and easily to setup. If the users do not know how to start to use the application, they
will not use the application no matter how good the application is. Hence, it is very
important to develop an easy to use application to let the user feel comfortable when
using the application. Ronald, Yohan, Reinhold, Steven, Simon and Blair (2001) state
some research trends support the need of calibration-free and auto calibration
algorithms for both sensor processing and registration.