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Dynamic Force Analysis Problems

The document describes the analysis of two four-bar mechanisms to determine the forces in the joints and input torque. For the first mechanism, the forces, accelerations, and torques are calculated using velocity and acceleration diagrams. The input torque is determined to be 1,118 N-m. For the second mechanism with a gas force, the joint forces, input torque of 667.2 N-m, and force on the crank of 2065.3 N are calculated.

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a c s Kumar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
658 views

Dynamic Force Analysis Problems

The document describes the analysis of two four-bar mechanisms to determine the forces in the joints and input torque. For the first mechanism, the forces, accelerations, and torques are calculated using velocity and acceleration diagrams. The input torque is determined to be 1,118 N-m. For the second mechanism with a gas force, the joint forces, input torque of 667.2 N-m, and force on the crank of 2065.3 N are calculated.

Uploaded by

a c s Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. A four–bar mechanism shown in Fig.

P–4(a) has the following dimensions :


O2O4 = 80 mm ; O 2B = 330 mm ; BC = 500 mm ; O 4C = 400 mm ; O2G2 =
200 mm ; BG 3 = 250 mm ; O 4G4 = 200 mm ; The masses of links are : m2
= 2.2 kg ; m3 = 2.5 kg ; m4 = 2.0 kg ; The moments of inertia of links
about their centers of gravity are : I 2 = 0.05 kg – m2 ; I3 = 0.07 kg – m2 ; I4 =
0.02 kg – m2 ; The crank O2B rotates at 100 rad/s. Neglecting the gravity
effects, determine forces in the joints, and the input torque.

Solution :
Since ω2 = 100 rad/s  vb = 100 × 0.33 = 33 m/s ;
The forces acting on the various links are shown in Fig. P–4(b). The
velocity diagram, drawn to a scale of 1 cm = 10 m/s, is shown in Fig. P–4(c).

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From this velocity diagram  we get vc = 25 m/s ; vcb = 26 m/s ;
vb 2 332 vcb 2 262
Now  fbc = O 2 B = 0.33 = 3300 m/s2 ; fcbc = BC = (0.5) = 1352 m/s2 ;
vc 2 252
fcc = O 4C = (0.4) = 1562.5 m/s2
Now  the acceleration diagram, drawn to a scale of 1 cm = 500 m/s 2, is
shown in Fig. P–4(d). From this diagram, we obtain 
o2b = 6.6 cm ; o4c = 8.4 cm ; o2g3 = 7.4 cm ;

o 2 b×O 2G 2 6.6×200 o 4 c×O 4 G 4 8.4  200


o2g2 = O 2 B = 330 = 4 cm ; o4g4 = O 4 C = 400 = 4.2 cm ;
∴ Acceleration of G2 = fg2 = 4 × 500 = 2,000 m/s2 ;
Acceleration of G3 = fg3 = 7.4 × 500 = 3,700 m/s2 ;
Acceleration of G4 = fg4 = 4.2 × 500 = 2,100 m/s2 ;
fcbt = c''c = 0.5 × 500 = 250 m/s2 ; fct = c'c = 7.8 × 500 = 3,900 m/s2 ;
f t cb 250 f tc 3900
α3 = BC = 0.5 = 500 rad/s2 ; O C
α4 = 4 = 0.4 = 9750 rad/s2 ;
2
F2 = m2.fg2 = 2.2 × 2,000 = 4,400 N ; Inertia force = f2 = – F2 ;
F3 = m3.fg3 = 2.5 × 3,700 = 9,250 N ; Inertia force = f3 = – F3 ;
T3 = I3.α3 = 0.07×500 = 35 N–m (ccw) ; Inertia torque = t3 = – T3 = 35 N-m (cw)
F4 = m4.fg4 = 2 × 2,100 = 4,200 N ; Inertia force = f4 = – F4 ;
T4 = I4.α4 = 0.02×9,750 =195 N–m (ccw) ; Inertia torque = t3 = –T3 =195 N-m (cw)
t3 35 t4 195
f
h3 = 3 = 4550 = 7.7 mm ; f
h4 = 4 = 4200 = 46 mm ;

The forces and perpendicular distances are shown in Fig. P–4(e)  From this
figure  a = 230 mm ; b = c = 150 mm ; d = 90 mm ; e = 490 mm ;
f4a 4200  230
t O C
F 43 = 4 = 400 = 2415 N ; Ft43 = – Ft34 = – 2415 N ;
Taking moments about B  we get : f3.b + f t43.d – Fc43.e = 0 
(4550 × 150) + (2415 × 90) = Ft43 × 490  ∴ Fc43 = 1836.4 N ;

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Now  draw the force polygon for the link BC  as shown in Fig.P–4 (f).
From this figure, we get : F23 = 6.500 N ; F32 = – F23 ; F12 = F32 ;
The resultant of f2 and F32 has been obtained in Fig. P–4 (f), and it is equal
to  ( f2 ⤈ F32) = 8,600 N.

∴ T = – ( f2 ⤈ F32).c = – 8,600 × 0.13 = – 1,118 N – m (cw)


∴ The torque exerted by the crankshaft on the crank O2B = T2 = – T
=1,118 N–m (ccw)
Now  draw the force polygon for the whole mechanism  as shown in
Fig. P–4 (g). From this diagram, we find that : F14 = 5,600 N.

2. A slider – crank mechanism is shown in the Fig. P – 5(a). A gas force of


17.8 kN acts to the left through the piston pin C. The crank rotates ccw at
a uniform speed of 1,800 rpm. Determine the (i) forces F 14 and F12, and (ii)
torque T2 exerted by the crankshaft on the crank for the equilibrium of the
mechanism. Given that : O2B = 60 mm ; O 2G2 = 40 mm ; BC = 280 mm ;

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BG3 = 125 mm ; m2 = 2.25 kg ; m3 = 3.65 kg ; m4 = 2.75 kg ; I2 = 0.0055 kg –
m2 ; I3 = 0.041 kg – m2.
Solution : (Refer Fig.P – 5)
The configuration diagram of the mechanism is shown in Fig.P-5(a), and the
forces acting on the various links are shown in Fig.P-5(d).
2 N
Now  N = 1800 rpm  ∴ ω = 60 = 188.5 rad/s ; ∴ vb = O2B.ω = 11.3 m/s .

Draw the velocity diagram to a scale of 1 cm = 3 m/s  as shown in


Fig.P-5(b). From this diagram  vcb = bc = 5.8 m/s ; vc = o2c = 10.9 m/s ;
vb 2 vcb 2
∴ fbc = O 2 B = 2128.2 m/s2 ; fcbc = BC = 120.1 m/s2 ;
Now  draw the acceleration diagram to a scale of 1 cm = 500 m/s 2  as
shown in Fig.P-5(c). From this diagram, we get :

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fcbt = c'c = 1856.3 m/s2 ; fcb = bc = 1858.6 m/s2 ; fc = o2c = 816.2 m/s2 ;
f t cb
α3 = BC = 6630 m/s2 ; o2g2 = 2.8 cm ; bg3 = 1.6595 cm ;
fg2 = 2.8 × 500 = 1400 m/s2 ; fg3 = o2g3 × 500 = 2.7935 × 500 = 1397 m/s2 ;
fg4 = fc = 816.2 m/s2 ; F2 = m2.fg2 = 2.25 × 1400 = 3150 N; f 2 = – F2 ;
F3 = m3.fg3 = 3.65 × 1397 = 5099 N; f 3 = – F3 ;
F4 = m4.fg4 = 2.75 × 816.2 = 2245 m/s2 ; f 4 = – F4 ;
I3 α 3 0.041 6630
f
h3 = 3 = 5099 = 0.0533 m = 53.3 mm ;
The forces acting on the links are shown in Fig.P-5(d). From this diagram 

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we get : a = 305.2 mm ; b = 34.4 mm ; c = 21 mm ; d = 51.8 mm ; e = 49.4 mm

Now   M = 0 gives
B  (F14 × a) – (P × d) + ( f3 × b) + ( f4 × d) = 0 

(17,800  51.8)  (5099  34.4)  (2245  51.8)


∴ F14 = 305.2 = 2065.3 N.
Now, draw the force diagram  as shown in Fig. P-5(e). From this diagram
 we get : F23 = 13,385.4 N ; F32 = – F23 ;
F12 = 13,505.2 N ;
∴ T = – F12 × e = – 13,505.2 × 0.0494 = – 667.2 N – m (ccw) ;
∴ Input torque on the crank O2B = T2 = – T = 667.2 N – m (cw) .

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