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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

IV SEMESTER

IC8451 – CONTROL SYSTEMS

Regulation– 2017

Academic Year 2018–19

Prepared by

Dr.R.Arivalahan, Associate Professor/EEE

Mr.T.Santosh Kumar, Assistant Professor/EEE

Mrs.R.V.Preetha, Assistant Professor/EEE

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UNIT I SYSTEMS AND THEIR REPRESENTATION

Basic elements in control systems – Open and closed loop systems – Electrical analogy of
mechanical and thermal systems – Transfer function – Synchros – AC and DC Servomotors –
Block diagram reduction techniques – Signal flow graphs.
PART A
Q.No. Questions BTL Domain
Level
1. List the advantages of closed loop system over open loop system. BTL 1 Remembering

2. Define the terms (i) Physical Model (ii) Mathematical Model. BTL 1 Remembering
3. What are the basic elements in control systems? BTL 1 Remembering

4. Define transfer function. Give an example for it. BTL 1 Remembering

5. What are the basic elements used for modeling mechanical translational system? BTL 1 Remembering
6. List the basic elements for modeling in mechanical rotational system. BTL 1 Remembering

7. Why negative feedback is preferred in closed loop control system. BTL 2 Understanding
8. Define Synchros. Discuss any 2- applications of synchro. BTL 2 Understanding
9. Describe the characteristics of negative feedback in control systems. BTL 2 Understanding

10. Discuss the terms (i) Signal Flow Graph (ii) Non-touching loop. BTL 2 Understanding

11. Illustrate the terms (i) Block Diagram Reduction (ii) Mason;s Signal Flow BTL 3 Applying
Graph Method.
12. Draw the electrical analog of a thermometer with neat diagram. BTL 3 Applying

13. Illustrate the terms (i) Path (ii) Forward Path (iii) Loop (iv) Non-touching Loop. BTL 3 Applying
14. Compare Signal Flow Graph approach with block diagram reduction technique BTL 4 Analyzing
of determining transfer function.
15. Define open loop and closed loop system. BTL 4 Analyzing

16. Analyze the need of electrical zero position of a synchro transmitter. BTL 4 Analyzing
17. Explain the aligned position of a Synchro transmitter and synchro receiver. BTL 5 Evaluating

18. Can we use servomotor for position control? Support the answer with necessary BTL 5 Evaluating
details.
19. Create the expression for Masons gain formula to find the system transfer BTL 6 Creating
function.
20. Formulate the force balance equation for ideal dash pot and ideal spring. BTL 6 Creating
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1. (i) Compare the open and closed loop control systems how it is distinguished with BTL4 Analyzing
closed loop system. (6)

(ii) Write the differential equations governing the mechanical rotational system as
shown in Fig. . (7)

2. (i) Compose the given block diagram shown in fig to signal flow graph and determine BTL 6 Creating
the closed loop transfer function C(s)/R(s). (8)

(ii) Differentiate DC and AC Servo Motor. (5)

3. (i) Explain open loop and closed loop control systems with examples. (6) BTL Analyzing
(ii) Derive the transfer function of an armature controlled DC Servo Motor. (7) 4

4. Find the transfer function y2(s) / f(s) as shown in Fig. . (13) BTL 3 Applying

5. (i) With neat diagrams, Discuss the working of AC Servo Motor. (6) BTL2 Understanding
(ii) Estimate the Transfer function of field Controlled DC Servo Motor. (7)
BTL 2 Understanding

6. a. Explain open loop and closed loop system with suitable examples. (6) BTL 3 Applying
b. Derive the transfer function for an armature control of a DC Motor. (7)
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7. Identify the overall gain C(S) / R(S) for the signal flow graph shown below. (13) BTL 1 Remembering

8. (i) Arrange the differential equation for the Mechanical system as shown in Fig. BTL 4 Analyzing
.And also find the transfer function X2(S)/F(S). (13)

9. (i) Develop the transfer function X5(S)/X1(S) using Mason’s Gain formula for the BTL 6 Creating
system given.

Remembering
(ii) Describe the construction and working principle of Synchro with neat sketch. (7+6) BTL 1

10. Formulate the transfer function for the block diagram shown in Fig. .. BTL 6 Creating
(i) using the Block diagram Reduction Technique.
(ii) using Mason’s Gain Formula. (7+6)

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(i)Develop the transfer function of AC Servo Motor. (7) BTL 6 Creating

11. (ii) With neat diagram, explain the working principle of Field Controlled DC Servo
BTL 5 Evaluating
Motor. (6)
(i) Illustrate the Transfer Function of Thermal system consists of a thermometer BTL 3 Applying
12. inserted in a liquid bath. (6)
(ii) Compare DC Motor and DC Servo Motor and list out the applications of DC Servo
Motor. (7) BTL 4 Analyzing

(i) Describe the Mathematical Modelling of fundamental component of Mechanical BTL 1 Remembering
13. Rotational System. (6)
BTL 1
(ii) Describe how a Synchro works as error detector with neat diagram. (7) Remembering
Obtain the transfer function of the mechanical system as shown in Fig. (13) BTL 5 Evaluating
14.

PART – C
1. Identify and obtain the electrical current analogy for the Mechanical system BTL 1 Remembering
as shown in Fig. and also draw the circuit diagram. (15)

2. (i) What is meant by Synchros ? Explain the following parts of Synchros (i) Syncro BTL 5 Evaluating
Transmitter (ii) Synchro Receiver (iii) Error detector (iv) Position Control applications
with suitable diagram for each. (15)
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Calculate the transfer function Y2(S)/F(S) for the given mathematical model. (15) BTL 2 Understanding

4. (i)Create the Mathematical Model for (i) Mechanical Translational System BTL 6 Creating
(ii) Mechanical Rotational System (iii) Series RLC Circuit (iv) Parallel RLC Circuit
with suitable diagram and expression. (15)

UNIT II - TIME RESPONSE

Time response – Time domain specifications – Types of test input – I and II order system response – Error
coefficients – Generalized error series – Steady state error – Root locus construction- Effects of P, PI, PID
modes of feedback control –Time response analysis.
PART - A
Q.No. Questions BT Competence
1. For the system described by C ( S )  2 16 Show the nature of the time Level Applying
R( S ) ( S  8S  16) BTL 3
response.
2. Classify the time domain specifications. BTL 3 Applying

3. Define Delay time, Rise time, Peak time. BTL 1 Remembering

4. Define Step, Ramp & Parabolic signal BTL 1 Remembering

5. Calculate the acceleration error coefficient for
C (S ) K (1  S )(1  2S ) BTL3
 2 2 Applying
R( S ) S ( S  4S  20)
6. K BTL 5 Evaluating
Evaluate the type and order of the system. G( S ) 
S (TS  1)
7. How is a system classified depending on the value of damping? BTL 2 Understanding

8. 200 BTL 2 Understanding

Give the type and order of the following system. G( S ) H ( S ) 
( S  20S  200)
2

9. What is steady state error? Mention the 3-different static error constants. BTL 2 Understanding

10. Distinguish between type and order of the system. BTL 4 Applying

11. List the drawback of static coefficients. BTL 1 Remembering

12. Give the relation between static and dynamic error coefficients. BTL 1 Remembering
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13. Explain the need for a controller and different types of controller. www.rejinpaul.com
BTL 5 Evaluating

14. State the basic properties of root locus. BTL 1 Remembering

15. Give the transfer function G(s) of a PID Controller. BTL 2 Understanding

16. What is the effect on system performance when a Proportional Controller is used BTL 6 Creating
in a system?.
17. Infer why derivative controller is not separately used in control systems. BTL 4 Analyzing

18. Explain about the PI Controller. BTL 4 Analyzing

19. Express the PID Controller Equation. BTL 2 Understanding

20. Generalize the effect of PI Controller on the system performance. BTL 6 Creating

PART - B
1. i) Outline the time response of first order system when it is subjected to a BTL 2 Understanding
unit step input. (8)
ii) Determine the response of the unity feed back system whose open loop
transfer function G( S )  4 and when the input is unit step. (5)
S ( S  5)
2. Derive the expressions for second order system for underdamped case and BTL 1 Remembering
when the unit is step input. (13)

3. (i) The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by BTL 4 Analyzing
1 The input to the system is described by r(t)=4+6t.Find the
G(S ) 
S ( S  1)
generalised error coefficient and steady state error. (6)
(ii) For a unity feedback control system the open loop transfer function is
10( S  2)
given by G( S )  2
S ( S  5)
(a) Find the position ,velocity and acceleration error co-efficients. (b) Also
3 2 1
find steady state error when the input is R( S )   2  (7)
S S 3S 3
4. (i) Measurements conducted on a Servomechanism show the system response BTL 4 Analyzing
to be c(t)=1+0.2 ê-60t -1.2 ê –10t when subjected to a unit step. Give the
expression for closed loop transfer function. (6)
(ii) What is the response c(t) to the unit step input. Given that ς =0.5.and also
calculate rise time, peak time, Maximum overshoot and settling time.

(7)

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(i)The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by BTL 3 Applying
K
G(S )  where K and T are positive constants. By what factor
S (TS  1)
should the amplifier gain reduced so that the peak overshoot of unit step
response of the closed loop system is reduced from 75% to 25%. (7)

1
(ii) For a closed loop system with G ( S )  and H(S) =5 calculate the
(1  S )
generalized error coefficients and find error. (6)

6. Evaluate the expression for dynamic error coefficients of the following BTL 1 Remembering
system 10 (13)
G(S ) 
S ( S  1)

7. (13)unity feedback system is characterised by an open loop transfer

A BTL 4 Analyzing
K
function G( S )  . Analyse and determine the gain K so that the
S ( S  10)
system will have a damping ratio of 0.5. For this value of K determine
settling time, peak overshoot and time to peak over shoot for a unit step
input. (13)
8. Find the static error coefficients for a system whose transfer function is BTL 5 Evaluating
10 .And also find the steady state error for r(t)=1+
G( S ) H ( S ) 
S (1  S )(1  2S )
2
t + t /2. (13)
9. a. A unity feedback system has the forward transfer function BTL 1 Remembering
G(S)=K1(2S+1)/S(5S+1)(1+S)2 when the input r(t)=1+6t, determine the
minimum value of K1 so that the steady state error is less than 0.1. (8)
b. Derive the transfer function of P,PI,PID Controller. (5)
10. Draw the Root locus of the following system. BTL 6 Creating
K
G( S ) H ( S )  (13)
S ( S  1)( S  2))

11. (i) Sketch the root locus of the system whose open loop transfer function is BTL 2 Understanding
K
G(S )  . Find the value of K so that damping ratio is 0.5. (7)
S ( S  2)( S  4)

(ii) A unity feedback system has an amplifier with gain KA=10 and gain ratio
1
G(S )  in the feed forward path. A derivative feedback,H(S)=S KO
S ( S  2)
is introduced as a minor loop around(s).Estimate the derivative feedback
constant,KO ,so that the system damping factor is 0.6. (6)
2
12. Draw the Root locus of the following system. G(S)=K(S+1)/S(S +5S+20) BTL 2 Understanding
(13)
13. Draw the root locus of the following system. BTL 1 Remembering
G(S)=K(S+3)/S(S+1)(S+2)(S+4) (13)

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14. (i) For a servomechanisms with open loop transfer www.rejinpaul.com
function BTL 3 Applying
10
G(S )  .What type of input signal gives constant steady state
S ( S  2)( S  3)
error and calculate its value. (7)
(ii) For a closed loop system with G(S)=1/(S+1) and H(S)=5 calculate the
generalized error coefficient and find error series. (6)

PART - C
1. Evaluate the expression for dynamic error coefficients of the following BTL 5 Evaluating
system G ( S )  10 (15)
S (1  S )
2. (i) The overall transfer function of a control system is given by BTL 4 Analyzing
C (S ) 16
 2 .It is desired that the damping ratio is
R( S ) ( S  1.6S  16)
0.8.Determine the derivative rate feedback constant Ki and compare rise
time, peak time, maximum overshoot and steady state error for unit ramp
input function without and with derivative feedback control. (9)

(ii) Compare P,I and D Controller. (6)

3. K ( S  1) BTL 6 Creating
Draw the root locus for a system is given by G( S )  . (15)
S ( S 2  5S  20)

4. A positional control system with velocity feedback as shown in fig. Give the BTL 6 Creating
response of the system for unit step input.

(15)

UNIT III FREQUENCY RESPONSE

Frequency response – Bode plot – Polar plot – Determination of closed loop response from open loop

response - Correlation between frequency domain and time domain specifications

PART A
Q.No. Questions BTL Domain
Level

1. Define the terms (i) Phase margin (ii) Gain margin (iii) Gain BTL 1 Remembering
Cross-over frequency (iv) Phase Cross-over Frequency.

2. Give the advantages of Frequency response analysis. BTL 1 Remembering

3. Identify for +20db/sec slope change in Bode Plot. BTL 1 Remembering

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 4. Define the terms: Resonant peak and Resonant frequency. www.rejinpaul.com
BTL 1 Remembering
5. Why is frequency response analysis important in control BTL 1 Remembering
applications?
6. Define the following methods of frequency response plot. BTL 1 Remembering
(i) Bode Plot (ii) Polar Plot (iii) Nyquist Plot (iv) Nichol’s Chart.
7. What is starting and ending point of a polar plot identified for the BTL 2 Understanding
system. Explain with suitable diagram.
8. Describe the different frequency domain specifications. BTL 2 Understanding
9. Mention the uses of Nichol’s Chart. BTL Understanding

10. Express the relationship between speed and frequency. BTL 2 Understanding

11. 1 BTL 3 Applying

Draw the polar plot of G( S ) 
(1  TS )

12. 10 BTL 3 Applying

Find the corner frequency of G( S ) 
S (1  0.5S )

13. Show the shape of the Polar plot for the transfer function BTL 3 Analyzing
K/S(1+ST1)(1+1ST2)
14. Draw the approximate polar plot for a Type 0 second order system. BTL 3 Applying

15. Why frequency response analysis is important in control BTL 4 Analyzing

application.
16. List out the techniques used for determining closed loop response BTL 4 Analyzing
from open loop response.
17. Evaluate the Frequency domain specification of a Second order BTL 5 Evaluating
system when closed loop transfer function is given by
C (S ) 64
 2
R( S ) ( S  10S  64)
18. Evaluate the term Corner frequency. BTL 5 Evaluating

19. Create the suitable diagram for the (i) Starting Point (ii) Ending BTL 6 Creating
point of Polar Plot for identify the system.
20. Formulate the expression for (i) Resonant Peak (ii) Resonant BTL 6 Creating
Frequency.
PART – B

1. (i) Describe the use of Nichol’s chart to obtain closed loop BTL 1 Remembering
frequency response from open loop frequency response of a unity

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(ii) Describe the correlations between time and frequency domain
specifications. (6)
2. With Mathematical expression define the following Frequency BTL 1 Remembering
Domain specifications (i) Gain Margin (ii) Phase Margin (iii) Gain
Cross over Frequency (iv) Phase Cross over Frequency
(v) Resonant Peak (vi) Resonant Frequency (vii) Bandwidth. (13)

3. Draw and show the Bode plot for the open loop transfer function BTL 3 Applying
10( S  3)
of a unity feedback system G(S )  and
S ( S  2)(S 2 3S  25)
Determine : (i) Gain Margin (ii) Phase Margin (iii) Gain Cross
Over Frequency (iv) Phase Cross Over Frequency. (13)

4. K BTL 3 Applying
The Open Loop Transfer Function G( S ) 
S (1  0.5S )(1  4S )
Determine the values manually calculate (i) Gain Margin (ii)
Phase Margin (iii) Gain Cross Over Frequency (iv) Phase Cross
Over Frequency (v) Stability range K. (13)
5. Draw the bode diagram for the following transfer function. BTL 2 Understanding

(13)

6. Sketch the Bode plot and hence find Gain cross over frequency, BTL 3 Applying
Phase cross over frequency, Gain margin and Phase margin for the
function G(S)=10/S(1+0.4S)(1+0.1S) (13)

7. Develop the Bode plot for the open loop transfer function of a BTL 6 Creating
10
unity feedback system G( S )  and Determine:
S ( S  2)(S  6)
(i) Gain Margin (ii) Phase Margin (iii) Gain Cross Over Frequency
(iv) Phase Cross Over Frequency. (13)
8. Draw and show the polar plot of the system open loop transfer BTL 3 Applying
function with unity feedback system given by
10
G(S )  Determine the phase and gain margin. (13)
S ( S  1)(S  4)

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9.
The given transfer functions
C (S )
 2
10( S  2)
. Evaluate
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BTL 5 Evaluating
R( S ) ( S  4S  5)
(i) Magnitude (ii) Phase Angle (iii) Band width. (13)

10. Draw the Polar plot for the Open Loop Transfer Function BTL 3 Applying

G(s)=1/S(1+S)2. Determine and Calculate the (i) Gain Margin (ii)

Phase Margin (iii) Gain Cross Over Frequency (iv) Phase Cross

Over Frequency. (13)

11. Draw the Polar plot for the open loop transfer function of a unity BTL 4 Analyzing

feedback system G(S)=1/S(1+S)(1+2S)and Determine and Point

out : (i) Gain Margin (ii) Phase Margin (iii) Stability. (13)

12. Write the Estimation Procedure for Polar Plot and obtaining (i) BTL 4 Analyzing
Gain Margin (ii) Phase Margin. And also point out the stability of
the system. (13)

13. Sketch the polar plot for the following transfer function and find BTL 5 Evaluating
Gain cross over frequency, Phase cross over frequency, Gain margin
400
and Phase margin for G( S )  (13)
S ( S  2)( S  10)

14. The Second Order System has the closed loop transfer function BTL 3 Applying
C (S ) 8
 2 . Calculate the following Frequency Domain
R( S ) ( S 4S  8)
specifications (i) Resonant Peak (ii) Resonant Frequency
(iii) Bandwidth. (13)
PART C
1. Construct Bode plot for the system G(S)=1/S(S2+3S+5)whose BTL 5 Evaluating
open loop transfer function is given below and Calculate (i)Gain
margin (ii) Phase Margin (iii) Gain Cross-over Frequency (iv)
Phase Cross over Frequency (v) Stability. (15)
2. Draw the Polar plot for the open loop transfer function of a unity BTL 6 Creating
feedback system G(S)=1/S2(1+S)(1+2S)and Determine and Point
out : (i) Gain Margin (ii) Phase Margin (iii) Stability. (15)
3. Draw and show the Bode plot for the open loop transfer function BTL 3 Applying

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feedback system G(S)=4/S(1+0.5S)(1+0.08S) and
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Over Frequency (iv) Phase Cross Over Frequency. (15)
4. (i) In polar draw the sketch for (i) Type 0 and Order 1 (ii) Type 1 BTL 5 Evaluating
and Order 2 (iii) Type 1 and Order 1 (iv) Type 2 and Order 3.(8)
(ii)Explain how open loop response can be obtained from the BTL 1 Remembering
closed loop response. (7)

UNIT IV - STABILITY AND COMPENSATOR DESIGN

Characteristics equation – Routh Hurwitz criterion – Nyquist stability criterion- Performance
criteria – Effect of Lag, lead and lag-lead compensation on frequency response-Design of Lag,
lead and lag lead compensator using bode plots.
PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence

1. Illustrate Nyquist stability criterion. And also write the BTL 3 Applying
formula for stability analysis..
2. Define BIBO Stability. BTL 1 Remembering

3. Express Routh’s Hurwitz criterion. BTL 2 Understanding

4. How are the roots of the characteristic equation of a BTL 2 Understanding

system related to stability?
5. Solve and find the range of K for closed loop stable BTL 3 Applying
behaviour of the system with characteristic equation
4S4+24S3+44S2+24S+K using Routh Hurwitz stability
criterion.

6. Point out the techniques used for determination of closed BTL 4 Analyzing
loop response from open loop response.
7. Compare Lead. Lag and Lead-Lag Compensator with BTL 2 Understanding
suitable example.
8. Compare the need for Lag/Lag-Lead Compensation. BTL 5 Evaluate

9. State the necessary and sufficient condition for stability. BTL 4 Analyzing
10. What is characteristic equation? BTL 1 Remembering

11. List the advantages and disadvantages of phase lag BTL-1 Remembering
network.
12. Summarize the effect of adding open loop poles and zero BTL 5 Evaluate
on the nature of the root locus and on system?
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13. Define compensator and list the types of compensators. www.rejinpaul.com
BTL 1 Remembering
14. Quote the need of compensator BTL 1 Remembering
15. Formulate the transfer function of lag compensator and BTL 6 Creating
draw the electric lag network and its pole-zero plot.
16. Point out the properties of Lag compensator BTL 4 Analyzing

17. What is meant by Lead compensator? Give example for BTL 2 Understanding
it.
18. Formulate the transfer function of lead compensator and BTL 6 Creating
draw and show pole-zero plot.
19. What is meant by dominant pole ? Differentiate between BTL 3 Applying
gain margin and phase margin.

20. Define the terms (i) Asymptotic stable (ii) Marginally BTL 1 Remembering
stable.
PART - B
1. Construct Routh’s array and estimate the stability
analysis of the system represented by the characteristic
BTL 2 Understanding
equation and comment on the location of roots.
(i) (6)

(ii) (7)
2. (i) Use R-H criterion to determine the location of the
roots and stability for the system represented by (7)
BTL 2 Understanding
characteristic equation
. (6)

(ii) Write the procedure for the design of Lag compensator

using Bode plot. (7)
3. (i) Obtain Routh’s array for the system whose
characteristic polynomial equation is
BTL 1 Remembering

Test the stability. (6)

(ii) Define Nyquist stability criterion and explain the
different situations of it. (7)
4. Draw the Nyquist plot for the system whose open loop Understanding
K
transfer function G( S ) H ( S )  BTL 2
S ( S  2)( S  10)

Determine the range of K for which closed loop system

is stable. (13)

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5. Determine the stability of closed loop system by Nyquist www.rejinpaul.com
stability criterion, whose open loop transfer function is
given by, G( S ) H ( S )  S 2 (13)
BTL-1 Remember
( S  1)( S  1)

6. Use the routh stability criterion,determine the range of K

for stability of unity feedback system whose open loop
BTL-4 Analyze
K
transfer function is G( S )  . (10)
S ( S  1)(S  2)
(ii)State Routh stability criterion,.If the system is
conditionally stable, solve and point out the range of K
for which the system is stable. (3)
7. (i) Test the stability for the system with characteristic
equation using Routh’s
BTL-5 Evaluate
Hurwitz. (6)
(ii) Construct Routh’s array and point out the stability of
the system whose characteristic equation
is . (7)
8. The open loop transfer function of the uncompensated Analyze
system is G( S )  5 . Design a suitable compensator BTL-4
S ( S  2)
for the system so that the static velocity error constant Kv
is 20sec-1, the phase margin is atleast 550 and the gain
margin is atleast 12dB. (13)
9. (i) Describe the procedure for designing of a lag
compensator. (6) BTL-1 Remember
(ii) Describe the procedure for designing of a lag-lead
compensator. (7)
10. Design a Phase Lead compensator for the unity feedback
K
transfer function G( S )  has specifications : BTL-3 Apply
S ( S  2)
a. Phase Margin> 550 b. The steady state error for ramp
input is less than or equal to 0.33 and illustrate whether
the design is acceptable or not. (Assume K=1). (13)
11. Design a Lead compensator for the unity feedback
transfer function with open loop transfer function BTL-3 Apply
K
G(S )  to satisfy the following
S ( S  1)(S  5)
specifications: a. Kv> 50 . Phase Margin> 200. Illustrate
whether the design is acceptable or not. (13)

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5
transferfunction G( S )  has BTL-6 Create
S ( S  1)(S  4)
specifications a. Phase Margin> 400 .
b. The steady state error for ramp input is less than or
equal to 0.2 and check whether the design is acceptable
or not. (13)
13. Explain the procedure of Lag Compensator using bode
plot with an example. (13)
BTL-1 Remember
14. (i) Explain the different types of compensation
techniques. (6)
BTL-4 Analyze
(ii) A unity feedback system has the open loop transfer
K
function G( S )  .Design and Point out a lead
S ( S  2)
compensator for the system to achieve the following
specifications Velocity error constant Kv> 12 sec-1 ,
Phase Margin>450 . (7)
PART - C
1. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback
control system is given by
BTL-4 Analyze
K
G( S )  By applying Routh
( S  2)(S  4)(S 26S  25)
criterion, discuss the stability of the closed loop system
as a function of K. Determine the values of K which will
cause sustained oscillations in the closed loop system.
What are the corresponding oscillation frequencies? (15)
2. For a given system G( S )  K Design a
S ( S  1)( S  2)
BTL-6 Create
suitable lag-lead compensator to give Velocity error
constant Kv=10 sec-1, Phase Margin> 500, Gain margin >
10dB. (15)
3. Realize the basic compensators using electrical network
and obtain the transfer function, (15)
BTL-6 Create
4. Consider the unity feedback whose open loop transfer
function is G( S )  K system to be BTL-6 Create
S (0.1S  1)(0.2S  2)
compensated to meet the following specifications : Static
velocity error constant =30 sec-1, Phase Margin>500 and
Bandwidth (Wb)=12rad/sec. (15)

UNIT V STATE VARIABLE ANALYSIS

Concept of state variables – State models for linear and time invariant Systems – Solution of state
and output equation in controllable canonical form – Concepts of controllability and observability.
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PART A

Q.No. Questions BTL Domain

Level
1. Point out the drawbacks in transfer function model analysis. BTL 4 Analyzing

2. The given state space model BTL 4 Analyzing

 . 
 x1   2 1 0   x1  0 x 
 .        1
0 
; y=[1 0 0]
 x2    0 2   x2   4U x 2 
 .    0 0  x  
 3 5 
 x 
 x3   3  3
 

Point out whether the given is controllable.

3. Give the general form of the state space model for continuous BTL 2 Understanding
system and also draw the state diagram.
4. Define the following terms such as (i) State (ii) State Variable BTL 1 Remembering
(iii) State Vector (iv) State Space Model.
5. What is the state transition matrix? List any two methods for BTL 1 Remembering
finding state transition matrix.
6. Formulate the state space model with state diagram for BTL 6 Creating
observable canonical form.
7. BTL 3 Applying
Consider a system whose transfer function is given by Y(S)/U(S)

= 10(S+1)/S3+6s2+5s+10. Solve and obtain a state model for this

system.

8. Obtain the state space model for the given differential equation BTL 5 Evaluating

d 3Y d 2Y dY
6  11  6 Y  U(t)
dt 2 dt 2 dt Evaluate the transfer

function model.
9. BTL 5 Evaluating
Consider a system whose transfer function is given by Y(S)/U(S)

= 10(S+1)/S3+6s2+5s+10 Evaluate the state model for the system.

10. Express the homogeneous and non homogeneous state equation. BTL 2 Understanding

11. List the advantages of state space analysis. BTL 1 Remembering

12. Illustrate the condition for Controllability and Observability by BTL 3 Applying
Kalman’s method.
13. What is meant by state space ? BTL 2 Understanding
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14. www.rejinpaul.com
Write and explain the Formula in which the general form of state BTL 4 Analyzing

space model into transfer functional approach.

15. Illustrate Cayley-Hamilton theorem. BTL 3 Applying

16. When the system is said to be completely controllable and BTL 1 Remembering
observable.
17. Define (i) Controllability of a system. (ii) Observability of the BTL 1 Remembering
system.
18. Express any 2-methods for the conversion of transfer functional BTL 2 Understanding
model into state space model.
19. Formulate the state space model with state diagram for BTL 6 Creating
controllable canonical form.
20. List the applications of state space model for the different system. BTL 1 Remembering

PART – B

1. Obtain and examine the state model of the following electrical BTL 1 Remembering
system. (13)

2. Determine the canonical state space model of the system whose BTL 1 Remembering
transfer function is T(S)=2(S+5)/(S+2)(S+3)(S+4). (13)

3. The given state space model of the system BTL 4 Analyzing

 . 
 x1   0 1 1   x1   0 
x 
 .  
   x    0 U  1  Check
x
 2  0 0 1  2    ;y=[1 0 0]
x 2 
 .   1  5  6  x  10 x 
 x3   3  3
 
whether the given is controllable and observable or not. And also
Point out duality by Kalman’s approach and Gilbert’s method. (13)
4. Consider a system with state space model is given below. BTL 4 Analyzing
 .  x 
 x1   0 2   x1  0
 .  
1
    ; y=[2 -4 0]  x 1 
 x2    0 0 1 
  x2   0U
 2
 .    x 

 1 2  3
  x3    4
  3
 x3 
 

Point out that the system is observable and controllable. (13)

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5. Obtain the time response of the system described by www.rejinpaul.com
BTL 2 Understanding

 .   x1 
 x1   0 1   x1   1  ; y=[ 0 1]  x 
 . 
x   1 2   x    1U  2
 2   2     
  
 
 
  
 where the initial
 
 

 x1 (0)  0 
 x ( 0)  1  (13)
 2   
   
conditions =

6. Examine and convert the following transfer function for the state BTL 1 Remembering
 .  x 
 x1   0 1   x1  0 1
space model  .     x   2U ; y=[1 0 ]  x 
 x2     3 2  2     2
         
 
 

 . 
 x1   5 1   x1  2  x1 
 .     x   5U ; y=[1 2 ] x  (13)
 x2    3 1  2     2
         
 
 

7. Explain the concept of controllability and observability by BTL 2 Understanding

Kalman’s and Gilbert’s method . (13)
8. i) What are state variables? Explain the state space formulation BTL 3 Applying
with its equation.
ii) Given that

. Compute state transition

matrix. (13)

BTL 4 Analyzing
Consider the system defined by
9.
where

,B and

Obtain the diagonal canonical form of the state

model y a suitable transformation matrix. (13)

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 Consider a system whose transfer function is given bywww.rejinpaul.com
10. BTL 5 Evaluating

Y (S ) 10( S  1) Evaluate the state model for the


U ( S ) ( S  6S 2  5S  10)
3

system (i) by Block diagram reduction (ii) Signal flow graph

Method. (13)

11. Formulate the expression for the state space model for the BTL 6 Creating
continuous system and also draw the state diagram for it. (13)
12. Check whether the system described by the following state space BTL 6 Creating
model is completely controllable and observable
 .  x 
 x1   1 0   x1  10
 .  
0
  ;y=[1 0 0]  x 1 
 x2    1 2 0   x 2    1 U  2
x 
 .   2 1  3  x3   0   3 .
 x3    (13)
 

13. Obtain the following state space Model BTL 3 Applying

 .  x 
 x1   2 1 0   x1  0  1
 .        ;y=[1 0 0]
x 2 
 x2    0 2 0   x2   4U
x 
 .   0 0  3  x3  5  3  Convert the state
 x3   
 

space model into canonical form state space model. And also

calculate the value of state transition matrix. (13)

14. With the case study Summarize (i) Armature control of DC Motor BTL 2 Understanding
(ii) Field Control of DC Motor. And also draw the (i) Block
diagram(ii) State diagram and state space model for the system.(13)
PART – C
1. BTL 5 Evaluating
Consider the system defined by
where

,B and .

Check the complete controllability of the system. (15)

2. Determine whether the system described by the following state BTL 6 Creating
space model is completely controllable and observable
 .  x 
 x1   0 1   x1  0
 .  
0
  ;y=[1 0 0]  x 1  (15)
 x 2    2 3 0   x 2   2U  2
x 
 .   0 2  3  x3  3  3 .
 x3   
 
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3. The state space model for the system is given www.rejinpaul.com
BTL 3 Applying
 . 
 x1   0 1 0   x1  0  x1  x 
 .  
   x   0U ;  x  y=[1 0 0]  x 1 
 2
x
 2  0 0 1  2    2
 .   1  5  6  x  1  x 3  x 
 x3   3    3  Check and
 

illustrate whether the given system is controllable and observable

by any one of the method and check the duality of the system. (15)
4. Consider a matrix .Compute eAT BTL 5 Evaluating

by two methods. (15)

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