ABSTRACT

The project aims to provide comprehensive preservation of traditional craft-weaving and

process of culture, to conduct training and seminars on the preservation and expansion of their
culture, and to develop a B'laan community livelihood program for the Municipality of Sarangani
in Malapatan Province. In coordination with the Local Government of Malapatan as well as the
Provincial and B'laan organizations, a systemic scheme and structure would be created. In
addition, training and workshops will be offered to the entire province's local response team.
Subsequently, the traditional craft-weaving livelihood center was designed to be funded by
private partnerships with organizations. Mindanao's indigenous peoples depend on their
traditional craft-weaving not only for cultural expression but also to help address the
community's economic needs. But modernization is threatening their cultural values with death.
The loss of group identity becomes more probable without a system to ensure that the traditions
are passed through generations.

A. Content of e-Proposals
 
1. Letter of Intent and Endorsement  

Together with the proposal, DOST-PCIEERD requires the submission of a formal letter of intent
from the applicant and an endorsement from the authorized head of the organization. The
authorized head of the organization will also be the principal signatory of their organization for
the research agreement award.
 
The letter of Intent and Endorsement Letter should be addressed to: 
           
DR. ENRICO C. PARINGIT 
Executive Director  
Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and
Development (PCIEERD)  
Department of Science and Technology (DOST) 
5th Level, Science Heritage Building, DOST Compound, 
Gen. Santos Ave., Bicutan, Taguig City 
2. Proposal Format 
 
Applicants shall follow the DOST GIA Proposal Format below which will be accomplished in the
e-Proposal portal at dpmis.dost.gov.ph. Instructions for submission are also available on this
site.

I. TITLE: 
Scheme of Action for MANEM
 
i. PROJECT

A time of consultation between the local government and various interest groups
will cover the overall project for Manem, the preservation of culture and the
traditional craft-weaving livelihood program; a series of training and seminars on
craft-weaving from the tradition of B'laan weaving in the hope of passing traditional skills
on to the next generation. But it is troublesome that the cultural tradition continues. It
tackles grassroots gaps to spur restoration, recovery, economic benefits and sustainable
growth, capacity building, and rural entrepreneurship as primary enablers of rural
community development.

ii. AGENCY

The main agency that will support and recommend the proposal will be the
ASEAN Youth Advocates Network (AYAN). AYAN is a youth-led & non-profit
volunteer organization that paves the way for the ASEAN youth to experience ASEAN
socio-civic involvement while exploring one ASEAN Identity. Delegates from ASEAN
events founded AYAN to bring and continue the impact of the founder’s advocating in
their respective countries, which are one of the most prominent youth organizations in
the Southeast Asian Countries to the ASEAN community. The aspiration of establishing
AYAN solidified after the remarkable support of this initiative from co-experts that
attended the meetings on the Development of the ASEAN Work Plan on Youth 2021-
2025. Today, AYAN aspired to ensure that no ASEAN youth gets left behind and
recognize and appreciate the ASEAN Community.
 II. COOPERATING AGENCY/IES

Among the collaborators for the project is the Youth for Earth Society (YES!), the
Youth Advocates of the Philippines (YAP), and the Entrepreneurial Action Us of Holy
Trinity College (ENACTUS HTC), in which most of the proponents are members.

YES! is a youth-led, non-profit, and socio-civic organization that initiates projects

for climate action and environmental protection. Its goal is to increase awareness of
environmental policies to further encourage the implementation of action-based solutions
that protect the environment and prevent worsening environmental conditions. It also
aims to integrate strategies, plans, and awareness, which maximize individual and
institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, and impact reduction.

YAP is a youth-led, non-profit, and socio-civic organization that paves the way for
the youth to experience socio-civic involvement through a series of advocacy-based
projects and initiatives. It is considered a family of youth leaders who aim to promote
volunteerism, advocation of solutions towards relevant issues in the Philippines, and the
composition of sustainable and innovative ways of nurturing the betterment of the
society.

ENACTUS HTC is an international non-profit organization that connects student,

academic, and business leaders through entrepreneurial-based projects that empower
people to transform opportunities into real, sustainable progress for themselves and their
communities. ENACTUS HTC who are committed to using the power of entrepreneurial
action to enable progress around the world. Guided by faculty advisors and business
experts, participating students form teams on their campuses to create and implement
community projects that empower people to improve their quality of life and standard of
living. The experience not only transforms lives, it helps students develop the kind of
talent and perspective that are essential to becoming effective, values-driven leaders.

III. SITE/S OF IMPLEMENTATION  

 The pilot program would be conducted in the Municipality of Sarangani in the
Province of Malapatan. The Provincial Government of Sarangani is never tired of helping our
fellow Indigenous People living in the Province like B’laan Community. We have chosen this
location to help promote, preserve and protect the traditional culture of the said tribes. It also
helps them for economic opportunities.

IV. TYPE OF RESEARCH INDICATES WHETHER THE PROJECT IS BASIC OR APPLIED.  

The project is an APPLIED RESEARCH, as we hope to encourage and promote the

preservation of indigenous traditions such as the B'laan Community's traditional craft weaving.
An initiative that is being initiated to address and strengthen our community's problems. Building
a strong base for the learning of people and understanding the awareness and value of this
subject.

V. R&D PRIORITY AREA AND PROGRAM

The study aims to provide sustainable energy to Filipino communities through the
utilization of algae and solar energy. Hence, it will fall under two R&D agendas, specifically
Natural Resources and Energy. Affected commodities and sectors include aquatic resources
(for algae), clean energy, advanced materials (energy), and the environment. This study will
also involve smart and sustainable communities in Baras, Rizal by integrating energy and
education with the aid of a solar digital learning platform.

VI. PROJECT DESCRIPTION  

Manem is a from Blaan dialect which means craft-weaving. Craft-weaving is one of the famous
cultural practices, especially for women in B’laan culture. Traditional craft-weaving was
circumscribed by life-cycle birth, marriage, and death rites and ceremonies. To address these
ceremonial needs, the fabrics created were intended. For the women of these cultures, craft-
weaving was a contemplative and peaceful endeavor. Textiles also help to settle community
disputes and uncomfortable alliances as peace offerings. With the new demands of political
determinism, new philosophies, and market technology, what would normally be a peaceful
practice was disrupted, but amid the twists and turns of the political fortunes of the region, the
indigenous weavers continued their art. And although weaving describes the traditions and
practices of indigenous peoples, traditional art has been influenced by modernization and
commercialization. Patterns from woven cloth are now copied into fabrics that factories readily
manipulate. Without the authenticity of fabrics, Indigenous-inspired bags can now be made.

It explains how traditional craft-weaving is practiced by only a handful of older people in the city.
The weavers have aged along with their crafts over the years. And the more troubling problem
is that the younger generations have not taken as much interest as their predecessors in
continuing their creative industries. For most, weaving was, and still has been, a means to an
essential peasant subsistence economy for extra income. Today, while working in social
conditions that are less conducive to weaving, they often struggle between the values of
traditional weaving customs and the demands of the local and tourist market. With this
disturbance, a serious cause of concern is the continuation of the indigenous weaving tradition,
the passing on of its heritage designs and techniques, and the self-pride and worth of work.

With the many means by which Filipinos can be active in preserving, promoting, and
appreciating the art of weaving, there is no reason for any person not to participate in the cause.

VII. SIGNIFICANCE 

The initiatives that we have chosen to implement will benefit the community and the
society around us. The goal of Manem's plan to preserve its traditional craft-weaving is to
encourage the role of traditional artists as national heritage keepers. In addition, this project will
cover a comprehensive study of Manem: technology, indigenous systems of knowledge,
aesthetics, and design; a collection of important pieces that have always been woven to
appreciate the craft-weaving of Manem not only as a way of life but also as a heritage of the
Philippines. In doing so, we will impart knowledge and philosophy about why we should behave
and why we should protect and preserve. As a human being, it is an absolute duty to protect the
B'laan Manem legacy and establish pathways for generations to come.

B’laan Younger Generations

It further reveals that weaving is still able to empower younger generations, artists,
entrepreneurs, and leaders of the community significantly. Having a means of earning an
income improves the overall role of the tribe. As younger generations are also likely to pursue a
different path away from weaving, this idea opens the question of the uncertainty of the craft's
future.
B’laan Community.

Local Government of Malapatan

The sitting mayor of the province quotes, “We support this (cultural) initiative so that they
could continue to teach it to the young people,”. The Provincial Government of Sarangani is
never tired of helping our fellow Indigenous People living in the Province to help promote,
preserve and protect the traditional culture of the said tribes. It also helps them for economic
opportunities. “We really intend to increase their income for the sustainability of the project”.

SA (Sinag-aralan)
Sinag-aralan will be focusing on the education sector of the community. It was reported
that children from indigenous communities or highly rural areas in the Philippines have the least
access to education. The goal of this project is to provide educational materials through the use
of technologies powered by solar energy.

Department of Education

This may serve as a call for Deped into giving utmost importance to the preservation of
culture in today’s modern times. The said department can help in helping to advocate
and provide inclusive preservation of traditional craft-weaving and process of culture through
systematic education.

For non-locals (foreigners or not)

The project will edify people to the rich culture of the B'laan community, their norms, and
the wonders of the traditional craft-weaving only found in the province of Malapatan.
Furthermore, in the long run, this project will then promote the culture of the B’laan community
on a worldwide scale.

The Department of Labour

Training and workshops will be offered to the entire province's local response team, meaning
that the project can work in parallel with the Department of Labour in providing livelihood to the
community together with reliving the tradition.
VIII. Review of literature

Erosion of cultural traditions in the Philippines

Folk songs, dances, music, and other forms of old tradition have lost their former meaning and
active role in everyday life (Ambrazevicius, 1996). Technology is growing as a same lot of
traditions are also disappearing (Kaur, 2020). According to Expats in the Philippines,
Modernization caught up with the Philippines, although progress is a good thing it has deprived
us of our heritage which we have kept for so long. We have to give way to change in the
process there are Philippine traditions that might be lost for good. It is important to preserve
one's culture because the culture is the representation of the lifestyle and identity of the people
in a country. Though, not all cultures of the Filipinos are desirable, still, they should be
preserved because they have been passed on from one generation to another generation and
they have become the identity of the Filipinos (Escabarte, 2020).

Preservation of cultural traditions in the Philippines (Protecting our Filipino heritage)

UNESCO declares that there are two approaches to preserve cultural heritage: one is to record
it in tangible form and conserve it in an archive; the other is to preserve it in a living form by
ensuring its transmission to the next generations. According to Untivero, we get to see artists
(and art pieces) all-over the internet. In the world of film, music, fashion, theatre, visual art,
sculpture, and architecture – it is apparent that there is a harking back to local aesthetics and
design. With the enactment of Republic Act No. 10066 of the National Cultural Heritage Act of
2009, the NCCA and its attached cultural agencies have a common reference document as the
basis of all initiatives. Another program is the Cultural Mapping Training Program which aims to
train local government units in mapping their cultural resources, developing cultural profiles, and
using these profiles to build their local inventory of cultural properties and in incorporating them
in local development plans. Heritage training are also organized, not only by NCCA, but also by
organizations, schools, and local government units which are supported by NCCA through its
competitive grants program. Under this program, the researches and publications of individual
experts are also supported (Untivero,2017).

Synthesis

With that being said, the Philippines is progressing to become more modern. Through
technology, the Filipinos have learned to value and being open to change although these
changes maybe for good, the rich and old cultural traditions are now at stake. The real question
that we have to ponder is how to accept change without paving the way to the sacrifice of our
bountiful customs and norms. UNESCO notes that two ways to saving cultural heritage exist:
one is to register and conserve it in a physical manner in an archive; the other is to preserve it in
a living form by ensuring its transition to the next generations. The project, with its objectives,
seeks to the preservation of culture through passing it to younger generations by re-practicing it.
The re-practice of such tradition was not only meant to preserve the norms but also to provide a
sustainable form of monetary aid for the B’laan community in the province of Malapatan through
systematized training and education.

IX. Objectives

For the most part, the goal of the project is to provide thorough and systematic
preservation of traditional craft-weaving and culture process, to perform training and
seminars on preserving and expanding their culture, and to establish a livelihood
program for the B'laan community for the Municipality of Sarangani in the province of
Malapatan.

It is on this point that the project was conceptualized, so that cultural practices must be filtered
and preserved promoting the indigenous product just like Banig weaving. The project aims to
edify people to the rich culture of the B'laan community. Most importantly, to encourage
every young Blaan youth to relive and practice the tradition. With the help of this product, Blaan
people will be more known in the mainstream of society, where they most deserve to be.

X. METHODOLOGY

The project would operate under three components (1) consultation, (2) training and seminars,
and (3) improvement of workplaces and learning facilities

Figure No.

Gantt Chart of Manem Weaving project

Consultation
AYAN would spearhead the discussion about the project with the local government officials,
interest groups, private partners, and the like. In cognizance to reliving the traditions through the
youth generation, AYAN will now become in parallel vision with the project from the fact that it
is; A youth-led and non-profit voluntary organization that, while exploring one ASEAN Identity,
paves the way for ASEAN youth to experience ASEAN socio-civic engagement.

Training and seminars

A systemic scheme and mechanism will be established in collaboration with the Malapatan
Local Government as well as the Regional and B'laan organizations. In addition, training and
workshops will be provided to the entire local response team of the province. The traditional
craft-weaving livelihood center was eventually built to be financed by private collaborations with
organizations.

Improving workplaces and learning facilities

Learning sites and weaving workplaces are already present in the locality, financial support from
private collaborators in parallel with the project will then be at the forefront in the refining of such
facilities, subsequently, to the development of the practice and its edification to the B’laan
community. Most especially, to its youth.

XI. TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP (IF APPLICABLE)

Figure 1. SKAPSA Technological Roadmap.

Goals are set for the fulfillment of SKAPSA (Solar Karst – Algaenerator Project –
Sinag-aralan) for the duration of May 2020 to December 2021. These are seen through
stages of analysis, development, partnership, execution, and review. For the analysis stage,
immersion and grassroots analysis shall be done for the beneficiaries, specifically the
community in Baras, Rizal. Succeeding this would be research regarding algal blooms, lack
of electricity, and inaccessibility of education. 

The developmental stage shall follow. After conducting research on algal blooms,
development of the battery will be done, specifically seeking to replace lithium-ion
components with algae. A shared community-based renewable energy source shall then be
developed, specifically a communal solar farm system which is directly for the community. 

Moreover, the development of a digital learning platform will follow. Partnerships

could then be organized through the establishment of sectoral relationships and contract
signing. During the execution stage, procurement of materials shall be done, to be followed
by the laboratory experiment for the Algaenerator Project and the installation of solar
panels. To evaluate, follow-ups and assessments shall be done, along with peer evaluation.

XII. EXPECTED OUTPUT

It is to the projects’ vision, to provide progressive and developed working facilities for the B’laan
weavers. Also, creating established learning avenues for the beneficiaries.

XIII. POTENTIAL OUTCOME

Hopefully, the project will then help win against the erosion of the cultural tradition through
modern times. This is where the youth will relive the tradition and make a living out of it, this
where they preserve the culture and making an economy out of it.

XIV. POTENTIAL IMPACT

In the long run, the project will illuminate the Filipinos of how important it is to develop and
progress for the betterment with subjecting the old age and “has been there” cultural traditions.
For the fact that these are the things that make us Filipinos, and without there wouldn’t be us.

XV. BENEFICIARIES

The project will be of significance to the local communities of the Province of Malapatan.
Certainly, the B’laan community.

XVI. GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) SCORE

The project proposal was evaluated using a GAD checklist for project development which
contains 10 requirements for a gender-responsive project design. With the resulting GAD total
score equal to 15, the project proposal is considered as gender- responsive, which means that
creation of this proposal provided equal opportunity for both men and women to share their
ideas and skills during the formulation of the proposal. 

Furthermore, the score also means that it will follow the same principle once the project is
implemented in the communities down to the target beneficiaries. Among the highlights are the
proposal elements such as collection of sex-disaggregated data and gender-related information,
monitoring targets and indicators, and sex-disaggregated database requirement which received
the maximum possible score of 2 points. The monitoring targets and indicators score of 2
means that the project proposal is inclusive of gender equality targets and indicators to measure
gender equality outputs and outcomes from the proposed beneficiaries. The score of 2 points in
the element sex-disaggregated database requirement suggests that the project M&E system will
require the collection of sex-disaggregated data. 

     For the complete scoring on the checklist please refer to Section XXIII. Supplementary Files,
item iii. Gender and Development (GAD) GAD Score Sheet.

XVII. LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT

The project may seem be feasible without major holes that is necessary for discussion, but it is
important to announce the possible difficulties in the “taking-action” part of the process because
from the fact that we are restricted to move due to the pandemic. Trainings and seminars in
accordance to the project will be different and the development of workplaces and learning
areas will needs a stronger-foothold in order to take place.

XVIII. BUDGET BY IMPLEMENTING AGENCY

A. Budget Plan

Qty Items Unit Cost Amount

Materials ₱ 5000.00 ₱ 5000.00

Speakers ₱ 1500.00 ₱ 1500.00

Transportation ₱ 500.00 ₱ 500.00

XXII. OTHER ONGOING PROJECTS BEING HANDLED BY THE PROJECT LEADER
  
Mr. Reynard Francisco is currently handling the ongoing project "Hero of Light: Eco-
Tabang Solar Lamp" by SEED4COM, a sustainable energy outreach program which aims to
distribute solar day and night lamps to communities in need.

XXIII. SUPPLEMENTARY FILES

i. Workplan

METHODOLOGIES ACTIVATION PERIOD

Consultation February - March

2021

Trainings and Seminar April – May 2021

Implementation June – August 2021

ii. Endorsement of the Head of Agency 
● SEED4COM - Sustainable Energy & enterprise Development for Communities

iii. Gender and Development (GAD) GAD Score Sheet 

Summary checklist for the assessment of proposed projects

Done?
(col. 2) Score for an Results or
Element and item/question
Partl Yes item/  element* comments
(col.1) No
y (2c (col. 3)  (col. 4)
(2a)
(2b) )
 1.0  Involvement of women
and men (max score: 2; 1 for 1
each item)

1. Participation of women and

men in beneficiary groups in
🗹
problem identification 
(possible scores: 0, 0.5, 1.0)

1. Participation of women and

men in beneficiary groups in project 🗹
design (possible scores: 0, 0.5, 1.0)

2.0  Collection of sex-

disaggregated data and
🗹 2
gender-related information
(possible scores: 0, 1.0, 2.0)

3.0  Conduct of gender analysis and

identification of gender issues 1
(max score: 2; 1 for each item)

1. Analysis of gender gaps and

inequalities related to gender
roles, perspectives and needs,
🗹
or access to and control of
resources (possible scores: 0,
0.5, 1.0)

1. Analysis of constraints and

opportunities related to women and
🗹 1
men’s participation in the project
(possible scores: 0, 0.5, 1.0)
 4.0  Gender equality goals,
outcomes, and outputs
(possible scores: 0, 1.0, 2.0)
🗹 1
Does the project have clearly
stated gender equality goals,
objectives, outcomes, or outputs?

5.0  Matching of strategies with

gender issues (possible scores:
0, 1.0, 2.0)
🗹 1
Do the strategies and activities
match the gender issues and
gender equality goals identified?

6.0  Gender analysis of likely impacts

of the project (max score: 2; for 1.33
each item or question, 0.67)

1. Are women and girl children

among the direct or indirect
🗹
beneficiaries? (possible scores:
0, 0.33, 0.67)

1. Has the project considered its

long-term impact on women’s
socioeconomic status and 🗹
empowerment? (possible scores: 0,
0.33, 0.67)

1. Has the project included

strategies for avoiding or minimizing
negative impact on women’s status 🗹
and welfare? (possible scores: 0, 0.33,
0.67)
 7.0  Monitoring targets and
indicators (possible scores: 0,
1.0, 2.0)
Does the project include gender 🗹 2
equality targets and indicators to
measure gender equality outputs
and outcomes?

8.0  Sex-disaggregated
database requirement
(possible scores: 0, 1.0, 2.0)
🗹 2
Does the project M&E system
require sex-disaggregated data to
be collected?

9.0  Resources (max score: 2;

1.5
for each question, 1)

1. Is the project’s budget

allotment sufficient for gender
equality promotion or
integration? OR, will the
🗹
project tap counterpart funds
from LGUs/partners for its
GAD efforts? (possible scores:
0, 0.5, 1.0)

1. Does the project have the 🗹

expertise in promoting gender

equality and women’s empowerment?
OR, does the project commit itself to
investing project staff time in
 building capacities within the project
to integrate GAD or promote gender
equality? (possible scores: 0, 0.5, 1.0)

10.0  Relationship with the

agency’s GAD efforts (max
1.67
score: 2; for each question or
item, 0.67)

10.1   Will the project build on or

strengthen the agency/ NCRFW/
government’s commitment to the
empowerment of women?
(possible scores: 0, 0.33, 0.67) 🗹
          IF THE AGENCY HAS NO GAD
PLAN: Will the project help in the
formulation of the implementing
agency’s GAD plan?

1.   Will the project build on the

initiatives or actions of other
🗹
organizations in the area? (possible
scores: 0, 0.33, 0.67)

10.3   Does the project have an exit

plan that will ensure the
sustainability of GAD efforts and 🗹
benefits? (possible scores: 0, 0.33,
0.67)

TOTAL GAD SCORE – PROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND

15.0
DESIGN STAGES
iv. Scientific Basis/Theoretical Framework 

• Theoretical Basis/Related works done in the past  

● Algaenarator Project
o Kovalenko, I., Zdyrko, B., Magasinski, A., Hertzberg, B., Milicev, Z.,
Burtovyy, R., … Yushin, G. (2011). A Major Constituent of Brown Algae
for Use in High-Capacity Li-Ion Batteries. Science, 334(6052), 75–79.
doi:10.1126/science.1209150
▪ Alginate-based electrodes can improve the performance of
Silicon anodes, improve cycle stability and provide graphitic
anodes.
o Rashid, N., Cui, Y.F., Saif Ur Rehman, M., & Han, J.I. (2013). Enhanced
electricity generation by using algae biomass and activated sludge in
microbial fuel cell. Science of The Total Environment, 456-457, 91–94.
doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.067
▪ Algae biomass substrates together with anodes composed of
pre-treated algae biomass and activated sludge in a microbial
fuel cell can produce high power density of 1.7 W/m 2 and
voltage of up to 0.89 V.
o Yu, W., Wang, H., Liu, S., Mao, N., Liu, X., Shi, J., … Wang, X. (2016). N, O-
codoped hierarchical porous carbons derived from algae for high-
capacity supercapacitors and battery anodes. Journal of Materials
Chemistry A, 4(16), 5973–5983. doi:10.1039/c6ta01821a
▪ Carbonized algae biomass that has high surface area, porous
and high nitrogen and oxygen doping was used as
supercapacitors with specific capacitance of 201 Fg-1 at 1 Ag-1,
capacitance retention of 60% at 100 Ag-1 and capacitance loss
of 9% after 10000 cycles and battery anodes with specific
capacity of 1347-1709 mAh g-1 with up to 500 cycles.
 o Meng, X., Savage, P. E., & Deng, D. (2015). Trash to Treasure: From
Harmful Algal Blooms to High-Performance Electrodes for Sodium-Ion
Batteries. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(20), 12543–12550.
doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b03882
▪ The main methodology will be patterned using this paper.
• Process Flow 

v. Letter of Intent/Letter of Cooperation 

from interested adopters of the project results (specifying role/s and monetary/in-
kind contribution in the project)
 
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Philippines.pdf

XXII. BIBLIOGRAHPY

Ambrazevicius, R. (1996). The Disappearance of Traditional Culture. Lithuanian roots.

Retrieved from; http://www.lnkc.lt/eknygos/roots/node63.html
Kaur, A. (2020). Was our old culture and tradition disappearing?, Retrieved from;
https://www.quora.com/Was-our-old-culture-and-tradition-disappearing
Expats in the Philippines, (2020). Philippine Traditions that Faces Extinction. Retrieved from;
https://expat.com.ph/philippine-traditions-that-faces-extinction/
Escabarte, SA. (2020). How and why should we preserve the Filipino culture and traditions?
Retrieved from; https://www.quora.com/How-and-why-should-we-preserve-the-Filipino-culture-
and-traditions
Untivero, D. (2017) We sit down with Charles Salazar, head of the NCCA’s Cultural Heritage
section, to talk about what it takes to preserve the very fabric of our Filipino culture and legacy.
Retrieved from; https://ph.asiatatler.com/life/protecting-our-filipino-heritage