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IAS Exam: New Imperialism Old Imperialism

The document discusses the differences between Old Imperialism and New Imperialism. [1] Old Imperialism began in the 11th century and ended in the late 19th century, marking the beginning of New Imperialism. [2] The major differences included economic and technological drivers, the roles of different countries, approaches to governing colonies, and goods sought. [3] New Imperialism was characterized by industrialization, economic objectives, and greater technological advances like railroads and machine guns.

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158 views4 pages

IAS Exam: New Imperialism Old Imperialism

The document discusses the differences between Old Imperialism and New Imperialism. [1] Old Imperialism began in the 11th century and ended in the late 19th century, marking the beginning of New Imperialism. [2] The major differences included economic and technological drivers, the roles of different countries, approaches to governing colonies, and goods sought. [3] New Imperialism was characterized by industrialization, economic objectives, and greater technological advances like railroads and machine guns.

Uploaded by

Utkarsh Dubey
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Difference between New Imperialism and Old Imperialism is explained here in detail.

Imperialism is a policy or ideology of extending the rule or authority of a country over other
countries. Old Imperialism began from the 11th century and its end marked the beginning of
New Imperialism from late 19th Century to early 20th century.

For comprehensive information on the ​IAS Exam​ conducted by Union Public Service
Commission (UPSC), interested candidates can visit the given link.

The major differences between New Imperialism and Old Imperialism are:

New Imperialism Old Imperialism

New Imperialism began from the 1870’s Old Imperialism started from 1096 and went
on till the mid 19th century.

New Imperialism witnessed Industrial Old Imperialism witnessed Commercial


Revolution Revolutions (Mercantile System)
New Imperialism was driven by economic Old Imperialism was driven with 3 objectives.
objectives. These 3 objectives were 3G’s - God, Glory,
Gold. Gold - With the discovery of America,
Christopher Columbus was richly rewarded,
Glory - the fame it brings to the explorer and
his nation, God - Europeans believed they
have to spread Christianity everywhere.

New Imperialism witnessed the major roles Nations that played a major role in Old
played by Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Imperialism were Spain, Portugal,
USA, Russia, Belgium. Netherlands, France, Britain. Spain and
Portugal played a predominant role in the
1500's, whereas in 1600’s major roles were
played by France, Britain and Netherlands.

Under New Imperialism, Empires were Old Imperialism led to exploration of new
established in Africa and Asia and there were trade routes, establishment of new
political and social reforms in those colonies. settlements in new lands and ultimately led to
establishment of Political rule in those lands.

Under New Imperialism, Nations ruled Under Old Imperialism, a single nation used
smaller colonial areas. Nations like Belgium to control large Geographical areas.The
and France made use of the policy of people of the land conquered by Spain were
paternalism and assimilation, whereas Britain subjected to forced labor, whereas Britain
used an indirect rule system. Under New had established a policy of limited self rule.
Imperialism there was rise in racial
segregation.

New Imperialism wanted precious metals, Old Imperialism sought different goods like
cotton, vegetable oils, dyes etc spices and cash crops from Asia, land from
North America etc.

Under New Imperialism, colonies served as Old Imperialism wanted Ivory and Human
an outlet for larger populations, for example Labor from Africa.
people from the Netherlands were settled in
huge numbers in South Africa.

Under New Imperialism, colonies are both Under Old Imperialism, colonies were
producers and markets for goods, for producers of goods
example the oil produced in Africa was taken
to Europe for refining the Oil. After refining
the Oil in Europe, it was sold back in African
Market.

New Imperialism used better technologies Technologies used in Old Imperialism were
compared to Old Imperialism. Some of the Muskets, Naval Vessels, and Canons for
most significant technological improvements military purposes. By the time railroads,
were, use of railroads, steamboats for faster steam engines, telegraphs were invented the
and easier transportation of men and Old Imperialism almost came to an end,
materials; for faster and easier marking the beginning of New Imperialism.
communication, telegraphs were used,
machine guns were used for military purpose,
vaccines were developed for treatment of
diseases.

Under New Imperialism, resistance given by Under Old Imperialism, stiff resistance was
colonies to the rulers failed multiple times due offered to the Colonial Rulers.
to use of sophisticated weapons and various
other technological developments by Colonial
Rulers.

Reasons for the end of New Imperialism were Reasons for end of Old Imperialism were
Word Wars, Native Uprisings. Industrial Development, Cost of maintaining
colonies outweighed the benefits accruing
from them, Nationalistic movements,
Napoleonic Wars.

The above table comprehensively covers the differences between New Imperialism and Old
Imperialism.

Visit the below given links to learn more about World History, Key Events in American
Revolutions, British Rule in India and NCERT Notes which comprehensively covers information
on Indian History.

● World History for UPSC Civil Services Mains Exam


● Important Events in World History - Till 1950
● Vasco Da Gama arrival in India - May 20, 1498
● Pedro Alvares Cabral [13 Sept, 1500] - First European Factory in India
● India became a British Colony - August 2, 1858
● Impact of British Rule - UPSC Modern Indian History Notes
● NCERT Notes: Education System in India - British Rule
● NCERT Notes: Causes of Indian National Movement
● Commonwealth of Nations - UPSC International Relations Notes
● American Revolution - Key Events
● NCERT Notes: Modern Indian History
● NCERT Notes: Medieval Indian History
● NCERT Notes: Ancient Indian History
● World Geography through Maps - Preparation Strategy

Candidates can find the general pattern of the UPSC Civil Service Exam by visiting the ​IAS
Syllabus​ page.
Related Links

IAS Salary Static GK

Gupta Empire Present CAG

GI Tag Full Form National Skill Development

Battle of Kohima Who Appoints the Chief Election


Commissioner of India

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