Analysis of Precast Building System

Chandiwala Anuj1

Chhotubhai Gopalbhai Patel Institute of Technology, Bardoli, India

[email protected]

Abstract. Prefabricated building systems is widely adopted in public

buildings as well as in private building projects. Prefabrication together
with the standardization and mechanization has brought a substantial
change in the development of the construction industry worldwide over
last few decades. Analysis of Precast building. All precast elements are
designed considering forces during handling in addition to forces due to
gravity load and lateral loading. For design of various precast elements
EXCEL sheets are used. Comparison of Precast building in terms of
cost and time with in-situ construction is also presented. Cost of precast
building including material, construction cost and handling is presented
in the report.

Keywords: Precast Building, Analysis Design, STAAD Pro.

1 Introduction

Precast concrete is defined as concrete which is cast at location other than its
final position in the finished structure. Precast concrete elements are reinforced
either with steel or with prestressing strands [1]. When prestressing is employed
for the production of precast concrete members, the method generally used is
pretensioning, in which the strands are tensioned prior to pouring the concrete
in long lines in the precasting operation.
Precast concrete is produced under rigid quality control conditions in a pre-
casting plant. The concrete strengths used range from M30 to M45 grade, with
the higher strengths being preferred to ensure durability and high cycle pro-
duction rates in the plant [8]. The forms used are of better quality than those
normally used for cast-in- place concrete. Hence better shapes and finishes are
obtained [10]. Cast-in-place concrete requires more formwork, and form can be
reused only up to 10 times. For precast concrete, finished wood and fiberglass
forms may be used up to 50 times with minor rework [2].
The concept of precast construction include those buildings, where the ma-
jority of structural components are standardized and produced in plants in a
location away from the building, and then transported to the site for assem-
bly[3,4]. These components are manufactured by industrial methods based on
mass production in order to build a large number of buildings in a short time at
low cost. (Figure 1) shows typical arrangement of precast building [7].
Chandiwala Anuj Analysis of Precast Building System

Fig. 1: Precast building systems

1.1 The main advantages of precast construction are as follows:

1. Increased speed of construction.
2. Improved quality owing to factory production done in controlled environ-
ment.
3. Enhanced long term durability.
4. Improved life cycle costs in view of reduced maintenance.
5. Repetition of standard elements will lead to cost reduction.
6. Precast element production can continue in any weather condition with bet-
ter health and safety standard at building site.
7. Simple and fast erection with excellent finishing.
8. Thin precast panels increase the carpet area.
9. No plastering required since precast panels have smooth surface finishing.
10. The use of tools, machinery, and other equipment, can be automated, in the
production of standard, interchangeable parts and products.

1.2 Types of precast system

Depending on the load-bearing structure, precast systems can be divided into
the following categories [5,6].

1. Large-panel systems
2. Frame systems
3. Slab-column systems with walls
4. Mixed systems.

2 METHODOLOGY
Analysis and Design of Precast building include the 5 story frame system,
assumed basic data and analyze by applying Gravity and lateral load using

Journal of Engineering & Technology (JET) - Volume 1 - Issue 1 & 2 2

Chandiwala Anuj Analysis of Precast Building System

STAAD/Pro software. Calculating member forces and Design of Precast Mem-

bers using ACI 318-08(M) code. Compare total cost of the precast structure with
conventional building.

2.1 Structural Data of Building

– Location of The building = Surat
– Grade of Concrete = M35 MPa
– Yield strength of steel =415 MPa
– Length of Building (X-Dir) =24 m
– Width of Building (Y-Dir) = 15 m
– Typical Floor Height = 3 m
– No of Bay in (X Dir) = 4 m
– No of Bay in (Y Dir) = 3 m
– Spacing of Bay in X Dir = 6 m
Pracast Building plan shown in the (Figure 2). Analysis of the precast frame
is carried out by applying ACI 318:08 load Combinations using STAAD/Pro
software[11]. Considering preliminary sizing of all precast members and given
specific properties [9]. Figure 3 shows 3D view of STAAD modelling of precast
structure. Design of Precast Structural members has been carried out using ACI-
318:08 Code for flexure, shear, Torsion and Axial Loads based on respective
clauses. Similar to the LRFD method in steel, concrete is designed on the basis
of Ultimate loading. This is often referred to as Strength design. These factored
loads are used to determine maximum factored moments, shears and other effects
which are then compared to the strength of the member. Gravity load and Lateral
Load Analysis.

Fig. 2: Precast building plan

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Analysis results have been taken from the STAAD output for 5 storey precast
building for the effective Load combination of shown in Table 1 are typical for
ground floor.

Journal of Engineering & Technology (JET) - Volume 1 - Issue 1 & 2 3

Chandiwala Anuj Analysis of Precast Building System

Fig. 3: STAAD/Pro Modelling of Precast Structure

Ground Floor: Load Case: 19 = 1.2(DL) - 1.0(EQY) + 1.0(LL).

The STAAD.Pro result is given in Table 2. Analysis and design of 5 storey

Precast building system is carried out for gravity and lateral load. In analysis
and design procedure the concept and methodology of precast building system
is different compared to cast-in-place building.

Table 1: Member Details for Ground Level

Sr.No. Member No. Type
1 32,36,47,51 Corner Column
2 37,41,42,46 Peripheral Column Z-dir.
3 33,34,35,48,49,50 Peripheral Column X-dir.
4 38,39,40,43,44,45 Internal column
5 52,53,54,55,79,80,81,82 Ledger Beam
6 61,62,63,64,70,71,72,73 Inverted Tee Beam
7 56,57,58,59,60,65,66,67,68,69,74,75,76,77,78. Rectangular Beam

4 CONCLUSION
– The Analysis and design methodology of precast building is different in com-
parison of cast in place building systems.
– The Analysis results shows that the X-direction frame consisting of L beam,
Inverted T beam carries more load compared to Y-direction frames.
– L beams on periphery are subjected to horizontal moment in addition to
shear and bending moment while rectangular and inverted T beams are
subjected to shear force and bending moment only.

Journal of Engineering & Technology (JET) - Volume 1 - Issue 1 & 2 4

Chandiwala Anuj Analysis of Precast Building System

References

1. Jern WNG. Industrial wastewater treatment. Singapore, Imperial College Press;

Toh Tuck, 2006; 1-11.
2. Adeniji A. Bioremediation of Arsenic, Chromium, Lead and Mercury, National Net-
work of Environmental Management studies Fellow for U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agancy Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Technology Innovation
Office Washington, Dc, 2004; 1-43.
3. Drucker H, Garland TR, Wildung RE. In Trace Metals in Health and Disease, ed.
Kharasch, N. (Raven, New York), 1979:1-25.
4. Cameron RE. Guide to site and soil description for hazardous waste site character-
ization, vol. 1, metals. Environmental Protection Agency EPA/600/4-91/029, 1992.
5. Bremner I. Manifestations of copper excess. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
1998; 67: 1069S73S.
6. Pena MMO, Koch KA, Thiele DJ. Dynamic regulation of copper uptake and detox-
ification genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and Cellular Biology 1998;
18: 2514-23.
7. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM. Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and
disease. Biochemical Journal 1984; 219: 1-14.
8. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM. Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human
disease: an overview. Methods in Enzymology 1990; 186:1-85.
9. Magnani D, Solioz M. How bacteria handle cooper. In Molecular microbiology of
heavy metals. Edited by Nies DH, Silver S. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag 2007;
25985.
10. Wei G, Fan L, Zhu W, Fu Y, Yu J, Tang M. Isolation and characterization of the
heavy metal resistant bacteria CCNWRS33-2 isolated from root nodule of Lespedeza
cuneata in gold mine tailings in China. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009; 162:
5056.
11. Dupont CL, Grass G, Rensing C. Copper toxicity and the origin of bacterial
resistance-new insights and applications, Metallomics. 2011; 3: 110918.
12. Orell A, Navarro CA, Arancibia R, Mobarec JC, Jerez CA. Life in blue: Cop-
per resistance mechanisms of bacteria and Archaea used in industrial biomining of
minerals. Biotechnology Advances 2010; 28: 83948.
13. Rensing C, Fan B, Sharma R, Mitra B, Rosen BP. CopA: an Escherichia coli Cu(I)-
translocating P-type ATPase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2000; 97: 65256.
14. Rensing C, Grass G. Escherichia coli mechanisms of copper homeostasis in a chang-
ing environment. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 2003; 27: 197213.
15. Nies D. Microbial heavy-metal resistance. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
1999; 51: 73050.
16. Lejon DP1, Nowak V, Bouko S, Pascault N, Mougel C, Martins JM, Ranjard L.
Fingerprinting and diversity of bacterial copA genes in response to soil types, soil
organic status and copper contamination. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 2007; 61(3):
42437.
17. Kershaw CJ1, Brown NL, Constantinidou C, Patel MD, Hobman JL. The expres-
sion profile of Escherichia coli K-12 in response to minimal, optimal and excess
copper concentrations. Microbiology 2005; 151(4): 118798.
18. Adamo GM, Brocca S, Passolunghi S, Salvato B, Lotti M. Laboratory evolution
of copper tolerant yeast strains. Microbial Cell Factories 2012; 3(11): 1.

Journal of Engineering & Technology (JET) - Volume 1 - Issue 1 & 2 5

Chandiwala Anuj Analysis of Precast Building System

19. Sambrook J, Maccallum P, Russel D. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 3rd

ed. NY: Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press. 2001; 577-83.
20. Rojas LA, Yez C, Gonzlez M, Lobos S, Smalla K, Seeger M. Characterization of
the metabolically modified heavy metal-resistant Cupriavidus metallidurans strain
MSR33 generated for mercury bioremediation. PLoS One 2011; 14: e17555.
21. Smibert RM, Krieg NR. Phenotypic characterization, In Methods for General and
Molecular Bacteriology. P Gerhart, RGE Murray, WA Wood, NR Krieg, editors.
Washington DC: American Society for Microbiology 1994; 607654.
22. Lanyi B. Classical and rapid identification methods for medically important bac-
teria. Methods in Microbiology 1987; 19: 167.
23. Stanier RY, Palleroni NJ, Doudoroff M. The aerobic pseudomonads: a taxonomic
study. Microbiology 1966; 43: 159271.
24. Kamika I, Momba MN. Assessing the resistance and bioremediation ability of
selected bacterial and protozoan species to heavy metals in metal-rich industrial
wastewater. BMC Microbiology 2013; 13: 28.
25. Drewniak L, Styczek A, Majder-Lopatka M, Sklodowska A.Bacteria, hypertolerant
to arsenic in the rocks of an ancient gold mine, and their potential role in dissemi-
nation of arsenic pollution. Environmental Pollution 2008; 156: 106974.
26. Brahmaprakash GP, Devasia P, Jagadish KS, Natarajan KA, Rao, RG. Develop-
ment of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 19859 strains tolerant to copper and zinc.
In: Bulletin of Materials Science 1988; 10 (5); 461-5.
27. Lee SM, Grass G, Rensing C, Barrett SR, Yates CJ, Stoyanov JV, Brown NL.
The Pco proteins are involved in periplasmic copper handling in Escherichia coli.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communcations 2002; 295: 616-20.
28. Nies DH. Efflux-mediated heavy metal resistance in prokaryotes. FEMS Microbi-
ology Review 2003; 27(2-3): 31339.
29. Argello JM1, Eren E, Gonzlez-Guerrero M. The structure and function of heavy
metal transport P(1B)-ATPases. Biometals 2007; 20(3-4) 23348.
30. Kuhlbrandt W. Biology, structure and mechanism of P-type ATPases. Nature Re-
views, Molecular cell Biology 2004; 5(4): 28295.
31. Jae-soon C, Cooksey DA. Copper resistance in Pseudomonas syringae mediated by
periplasmic and outer membrane proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences 1991; 88: 8915-19.
32. White C, Lee J, Kambe T, Fritsche K, Petris MJ. A role for the ATP7A copper-
transporting ATPase in macrophage bactericidal activity. The Journal of Biological
Chemistry 2009; 284(49); 3394956.
33. Osman D, Waldron KJ, Denton H, Taylor CM, Grant AJ, Mastroeni P, Robinson
NJ, Cavet JS. Copper homeostasis in Salmonella is atypical and copper-CueP is
a major periplasmic metal complex. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2010;
285(33); 2525968.

About Authors

Anuj Chandiwala, is an Assistant Professor in Civil Engineer-

ing Department, Chhotubhai Gopalbhai Patel Institute of Tech-
nology, UTU, Bardoli. His research interest is in Earthquake En-
gineering, Steel and RCC structural design, Structural Dynamics,
Soil structure Interaction, Computer Aided Structural Analysis

Journal of Engineering & Technology (JET) - Volume 1 - Issue 1 & 2 6

Chandiwala Anuj Analysis of Precast Building System

and Design. He is currently pursuing Ph.D. from Sardar Vallab-

hbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Surat. He published more than
13 International Journal paper. He is life member of Institute of Engineer (IE),
The Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE) and Indian Geotechnical So-
ciety (IGS). He is Editorial board member and reviewer in many international
Journals.

Journal of Engineering & Technology (JET) - Volume 1 - Issue 1 & 2 7