Class: XI

Chapter : List
6.1 INTRODUCTION

Sequences arise naturally in many real-life situations. A year has 12 months (January,
February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and
December). The months of the year are in a sequence. After January, it will always be February.
It is impossible to jump from March to July because it has to go in a sequence. So, we say a
Sequence is an object that contains multiple items of data. The items are stored in a sequence
one after the other such as a sequence of events, movements, items, or a sequence in which a
player records (music) with a sound recorder/sequencer. Consider the example of a sequence
of cars as shown in Figure.

As is evident from the above figure, there is a sequence of cars and each car becomes an
element/item of this particular sequence. Here, we have a grey-coloured car, a blue car, a red
car and so on.

So, all of these cars combined together form a sequence. Python also supports sequence which
can be considered as containers and in those containers certain items are stored. A sequence
may have repeated items in the list. The number of elements is called the length of the sequence.
The various sequences available in Python are shown in Figure below.

2. LISTS
 A list is a collection of values or an ordered sequence of values/items.
 The items in a list can be of any type such as string, integers, float, objects, or even a
list.
 Elements of a list are enclosed in square brackets [ ], separated by commas.
 Lists are mutable, i.e., values in the list can be modified, which means that Python will
not create a new list when you make changes to an element of a list.
 The values that make up a list are called its elements. Elements in a list need not be of
the same type. In other words, we say that lists are heterogeneous (of multiple types) in
nature.
 Like a string (sequence of characters), list also is a sequenced data type.
1. Declaring/Creating List
 Lists can be created by putting comma-separated values/items within square brackets--
square brackets indicate the start and end of the list, consisting of elements separated
by a comma. The syntax for creating a list is:

<list name> = []
For example,
L = []
 This construct is termed as a "List Display Construct". Square brackets in the above
syntax contain the set of values/elements constituting the list with the name given as
<list_name>.
 This is termed as initialization of the list with a blank or no values or we can say an
empty list.
 A list can be populated with any type of values/collection of items by enclosing inside
square brackets [].
For example,

In the above example, we have a list of fruits having three items-Mango, Apple and Grapes,
separated by comma and enclosed inside square [ ] brackets.

List Types and Examples:

Lists in Python can be broadly classified into three types:
1. Empty Lists a=[]
2. Long Lists
3. Nested Lists list inside another list
Other examples of lists are:
Creating a List from an existing sequence
The list() method in Python takes sequence types and converts a given record/tuple or string
into list. We can create a list from an existing sequence using this built-in function list() in the
following manner:

1. Creating a list from a sequence (string):

< new list name>= list(sequence / string)
For example,
>>>a=‘Computer’
>>> listl =list(a)
>>> listl
[ ' C ', ' o ', ' m ', ' p ', ' u ', ' t ', 'e', ' r ']
In the given example, a new list, list1 is created from a sequence 'Computer' and displayed by
typing the name of the list, i.e., >>>list1.
Another example is for accepting date of birth as input and converting it into a list using list()
method.

2. An empty list with function list( ):

>>> list2=list() or list2 = []
>>> list2
[]
3. Creating a list through user input using list() method:
You can create a new list by extracting the elements from the user through command prompt
and using built-in method list() as shown below:

Creating a List from an existing list

Starting
pt
You can create a new list from an already existing list as follows:
Consider list1 created in the previous example, list1= [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]. Now, we shall be
creating new lists by extracting values from this list.

2. Accessing List Elements

 A list consists of any collection of items which are stored according to its index. Like
strings, any item in a list can be accessed by using its index value.
 List indices start with 0 (zero). The list index can be a positive or negative integer value
or an expression which evaluates to an integer value. Hence, indexing in lists can be
positive or negative, i.e., you can access the elements from a list either moving from
 left to right (positive index) or from right to left (negative index). The index of -1
refers to the last item, -2 to the second last item and so on.

For example,
Consider list1 containing 10 elements.
List1 = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]
This list in computer memory shall be represented as shown in Figure below:

Each element of the above list can be accessed through their indexes enclosed inside square
brackets.
Consider another list with elements, 'C','o','m','p','u','t','e','r' stored inside memory as shown:

 An IndexError appears if you try and access element that does not exist in the list. It
will display the error message as: IndexError: list index out of range

Now, in the above code, we are trying to access eighth element (>>>list[8]) from the list which
does not exist as we are having a total of 8 elements for which the last index is 7. Since we are
trying to access the element at index 8, Python will give an "IndexError".

6.2.3 Traversing a List

Traversing a list means accessing each element of a list. This can be done by using either for
or while looping statement. Traversing can be done in two ways:
1. Using 'in' operator inside for loop
The elements of a list can be accessed individually using for loop as follows:

2. Using range() function

This function can be used for accessing individual elements of a list, using indexes of
elements only, along with len() method.
Very Short Answer Type Questions[1 Mark]
1. A list is a ……………….. data type.
2. Lists are indexed by an ……………….
3. Lists are …………….., you can update or edit a list.
4. Consider the following: List[‘h’, ‘o’, ‘i’]
The length of the above list is:
(a) 5
(b) 3
(c) None
(d) 0
6. The list L1 contains [3,4,5,6,6,8,0]
What will be the output of the following expression? print(L1[-1])
(a) 0
(b) 3
(c) 5
(d) 8
7. Which of the following statement is correct about list?
(a) List can contain values of mixed data types.
(b) List can contain only integer values.
(c) A list with no elements is called an empty list.
(d) All of these.
8. Which of the following commands will create a list?
(a) List1= list()
(b) List1= []
(c) List1= [1,2,3, “a”]
(d) All ofthese
8. Why are lists called mutable data type?
9. Following are the statements for creating lists. Find the errors in the statements and rewrite
the same after correcting them.
(i) L1= 1,6,a,8
(ii) L2= (10)
(iii) L1= [[0,1,2,3] [‘my’, ‘book’]]
(iv) L1= [‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’ [1,2,3,A] )
(v) L1= [Akshay, Aman, Nishu, Nishant]
10. What are the similarities between strings and lists?
11. What are the various ways to create a list?
12. What are the differences between lists and strings?
 Chapter 6: List Manipulation
Textbook: Textbook for CBSE Class XI- Informatics Practices with Python by Preeti Arora
Learning Outcomes:
 Students will be able perform various types of operations on lists.
 They will be able to retrieve a slice of list.
6.3 OPERATIONS ON LISTS
Python provides us with several basic operations which can be performed on lists.

Let us discuss some of the important operations using an example:

list1 = ['Red', 'Green']

list2 = [10, 20, 30]

1. CONCATENATION
 Concatenation or joining is a process in which multiple sequences/lists can be combined
together with the help of certain operators.
 Python allows combining or adding of two lists using '+' concatenation operator
(addition operation).
 We can add two lists using this operator.
In the above example, the statement: List = List + 40 shall generate an error since concatenation
operation can be performed between two lists. So, when we try to add a numeric value 40 to
this list, Python will generate a Type Error as shown in the above screenshot.

Similarly, if we try to concatenate a list with string value, it will again generate Type Error.
Thus, we conclude that the '+' operator, when used with lists, requires both the operands to
be of list types.

6.3.2 REPETITION/REPLICATION
Multiply (* asterisk) operator replicates the List for a specified number of times and creates a
new list.

>>> list2 = [10, 20, 30]

>>> list2 * 2
[10, 20, 30, 10, 20, 30]
In the above example, list2 is multiplied by 2 and string 'Python' is multiplied by 3. Thus, list
is printed two times and Python gets printed three times.

However, we cannot multiply one list with another as shown in figure below.
3. MEMBERSHIPTESTING

 Membership testing is an operation carried out to check or test whether a particular

element/item is a member of that sequence or not.
 As you can see in Figure below the car on the left-hand side does not belong to the
sequence of cars, whereas the car on the right belongs to this sequence.
 Hence, we say that the left-hand side car is not a member and the right-hand side car is
a member of the sequence of cars.

 Python also allows us to check for membership of individual characters or substrings

in strings using 'in' operator.
 The 'in' operator checks whether a given element is contained in a list. It returns True
if the element appears in the list, otherwise returns False.
The reverse of 'in' is 'not in'. 'not in’ operator returns True if the element does not appear in the
list, otherwise returns False.

'in' operator used with for loop

In this method, the membership operator ‘in’ can be used to display the elements of a list
through for loop.

For example,
To display the names of students who are members of class XII.
4. INDEXING
 Index is nothing but there is an index value for each item present in the sequence. So,
you have 0th index, 1st index, 2nd index, 3rd index, and so on, depending upon the
sequence that you have.
 In Python, indexing starts from 0 like other programming languages.
 As shown in the example of sequence of cars in figure below, we have 8 items in this
particular sequence and the index range is from 0 to 7.
 Thus, lists in Python can have/store different types of elements stored in a particular
sequence such as integers, strings, etc.

 Similarly, in Python, an index is a number specifying the position of an element in a

list.
 It enables access to individual element in the list. Index of first element in the list is 0,
second element is 1, and nth element is n-1.
 Negative indexes identify positions relative to the end of the list. The index -1 identifies
the last element, -2 identifies next to the last element, etc.
5. SLICING

 Indexing and slicing are two inter-related operations in lists. Slicing is done through
indexing.

Let us first understand what slicing is.

 Slicing is an operation in which we can slice a particular range from that sequence.
 List slices are sub-parts of a list extracted out. List slices can be created through the use
of indexes.
 Slicing is used to retrieve a subset of values. A slice of a list is basically its sub-list.
 While indexing is used to obtain individual items, slicing allows us to obtain a subset
of items.
 When we enter a range that we want to extract , it is called range slicing.
 The syntax used for slicing is:

Syntax:

list[start:stop:step]

 where, start is the starting point; stop is the stopping point, which is not included; and
step is the step size-also known as stride-and is optional. Its default value is 1.
Let us consider a list, 'list1', with the following values and results after slicing operation:

list1 = [100, 50.75, "Radhika", "Shaurya", 900, 897.60]

 Lists also support slice steps. Therefore, if we wish to extract the elements, not
consecutive but every other element of the list, we can do it using the slice steps.
 This can also be done using a variable to store the elements retrieved using list slicing.

 As shown above, the slice extracted from list1 is stored in the variable, slice1. The list
slice is a list in itself, i.e., we can perform all operations on it just like we perform on
lists.
 Thus, when we try to modify the list slice, slice1, it is successfully implemented since
the list slice, slice1, is a list in itself.
 The slicing operation is entirely based on indexing.
 In case the resulting index lies outside the list, Python raises an Indentation Error.
 Slice range (start and stop argument) is treated as boundary, and the result will simply
contain all the elements which lie between the boundary.
 In case the start and stop limits lie outside the boundary, Python still returns the
elements that lie between the specified range/boundary without raising any error.
 6.4 NESTED LISTS
When a list appears as an element of another list, it is called a nested list.

To access the element of nested list of list1, we have to specify two indices listl [i] [j].
The first index i will take us to the desired nested list and the second index j will take us tothe
desired element in that nested list.

The output shown above is generated as 7 because index i gives the fifth element of list1 which
is 4 passed as the argument to i and index j gives the second element in the nested list, with
argument as 1.
6.5 COPYING LISTS
Given a list, the simplest way to make a copy of the list is to assign it to another li s t.

The statement list2 = list1 does not create a new list. Rather, it just makes list1 and list2 refer
to the same list object. Here, list2 actually becomes an alias of list l. Therefore, any changes
made to either of them will be reflected in the other list.
We can also create a copy or clone of the list as a distinct object by three methods. The first
method uses slicing, the second method uses built-in function list() and the third method uses
copy() function of Python library.
Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is the output when we execute list(“hello”)?

a) [‘h’, ‘e’, ‘l’, ‘l’, ‘o’]
b) [‘hello’]
c) [‘llo’]
d) [‘olleh’]
2. Suppose list1 is [4, 2, 2, 4, 5, 2, 1, 0], Which of the following is correct syntax for
slicing operation?
a) print(list1[0])
b) print(list1[:2])
c) print(list1[:-2])
d) all of the mentioned
3. Suppose list1 is [2, 33, 222, 14, 25], What is list1[-1]?
a) Error
b) None
c) 25
d) 2
4. Suppose list1 is [2, 33, 222, 14, 25], What is list1[:-1]?
a) [2, 33, 222, 14]
b) Error
c) 25
d) [25, 14, 222, 33, 2]
5. What will be the output of the following Python code?

>>>names = ['Amir', 'Bear', 'Charlton', 'Daman']

>>>print(names[-1][-1])

a) A
b) Daman
c) Error
d) n

6. Suppose list1 is [1, 3, 2], What is list1 * 2?

a) [2, 6, 4]
b) [1, 3, 2, 1, 3]
c) [1, 3, 2, 1, 3, 2]
d) [1, 3, 2, 3, 2, 1]
Short Answer Type Questions

7. Suppose L= [“abc”, [6,7,8],3, ‘mouse’] consider the list and answer the following:

(i) L[3:]
(ii) L[: :2]
(iii) L[1:2]
(iv) L[1][1]
8. What will be the output of the following Pythoncode?

1. names1 = ['Amir', 'Bear', 'Charlton', 'Daman']

2. names2 = names1
3.names3 = names1[:]
4.
5. names2[0] = 'Alice'
6.names3[1] = 'Bob'
7.
8. sum = 0
9. for ls in (names1, names2, names3):
10. if ls[0] == 'Alice':
11. sum += 1
12. if ls[1] == 'Bob':
13. sum += 10
14.
15. print sum

a) 11
b) 12
c) 21
d) 22

Long Answer Type Questions

9. Write a python script to input a number and count the occurrences of that number in a
given list.
list1 = [10,20,30,40,10,50,10]
10. Write a program to perform linear search with the help of list.
6.6 BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS
Python offers several built-in functions to perform various operations on lists which are described in
Figure.

6.6.1 append( )
append( ) method adds a single item to the end of the list. It doesn't create a new list; rather it
modifies the original list. The single element can also be a list. The syntax of append() method
is :
Syntax:
list.append(item )
The item can be numbers, strings, another list, dictionary, etc.

Example 1:
Example 2:
A list can also be added to the above existing list. For example,

Example 3:

6.6.2 extend()
The extend() method adds one list at the end of another list. In other words, all the items of a
list are added at the end of an already created list.
Syntax:

Example 4:
6.6.3 insert( )
The insert() function can be used to insert an element/object at a specified index. This function
takes two arguments: the index where an item/object is to be inserted and the item/ element
itself.
Syntax:
list_name.insert(index_number, value)
where,
list_name: is the name of the list
index_number: is the index where the new value is to be inserted
value: is the new value to be inserted in the list

Example 5:
6.6.4 reverse( )
The reverse( ) function in Python reverses the order of the elements in a list This function
reverses the item of the list. It replaces a new value "in place" of an item that already exists in
the list, i.e., 1t does not create a new list.

Example :

6.6.5 index( )

index() function in Python returns the index of first matched item from the list. It returns the
first occurrence of an item for which the index position is to be searched for in the list. If the
element is not present, ValueError is generated.
Syntax:
List.index(<item>)
Example :

6.6.6 Updating List

Lists are mutable; you can assign new value to existing value. We can use assignment operator
(=) to change an item or a range of items.
Syntax:
List[index] = <new value>
Example :
Example :

6.6.7 len( )
len() function returns the length of the list.
Example :
6.6.8 sort( )
This function sorts the items of the list, by default in ascending/increasing order. This
modification is done "in place", i.e., it does not create a new list.
Syntax:
List.sort()
Example 13:

Example 14:
For string elements in a list, sorting is done on the basis of their ASCII values. Python starts
by comparing the first element from each element. If they are equal, it goes on to the next
element, and so on, until it finds elements that differ. Subsequent elements are not considered
(even if they are really big). It sorts the string in a lexicographic manner. If we want to sort the
list in decreasing order, we need to write:
>>>list1.sort (reverse=True)
Example 15:

6.6.9 clear( )
The clear() method removes all items from the list. This method doesn't take any parameters.
The clear() method only empties the given list. It doesn't return any value.

Example 16:
6.6.10 count( )
count() method counts how many times an element has occurred in a list and returns it.
The syntax of count() method is :

list.count(element)
Example 17:

Example 18:
7. DELETION OPERATION
 Python provides operator for deleting/removing an item from a list. There are many
methods for deletion: If index is known, you can use pop() or del statement.
 If the element is known, not the index, remove() can be used.
 To remove more than one element, del() with list slice can be used.

1. pop( ):
It removes the element from the specified index and also returns the element which was
removed.
Syntax:
List.pop(index)
Example:

2. del statement
del statement removes the specified element from the list but does not return thedeleted value.
Note: If an out of range Index is provided with del() and pop(), the code will result in runtime
error.

del can be used with negative index value also.

3. del() with slicing

Consider the following example:

The above del statement shall remove 2nd and 3rd elements from the list. As we know that
slice selects all the elements up to 4th index, so 4th element will remain in the list.

4. remove()
remove() function is used when we know the element to be deleted, not the index of the
element.
 6.8 SEARCHING LIST
Lists can easily be searched for values using the index method that expects a value that is to be
searched. The output is the index at which the value is kept.
Syntax:
List_name.index(element)

Example:

Example:

 max( )
Returns the element with the maximum value from the list.
Note: To use the max() function, all values in the list must be of the same type.

Example:
>>> list3= [10, 20 ,30,40]
>>> max (list3)
40
Example:
>>>list4= [‘A’, ‘a’, ‘B’, ‘C’]
> > > max (list4)
‘a’
Here, it will return the alphabet with the maximum ASCII value.
Example:
>>> list5= [‘ashwin’, ‘bharat’, ‘shelly’]
>>>max(list5)
‘shelly’
Here, it will return the string which starts with character having the highest ASCII value.
Example:
>>> list5= [‘ashwin’, ‘bharat’, ‘shelly’, ‘supreet’]
>>>max(list5)
‘supreet’
If there are two or more strings which start with the same character then the second character
is compared and so on.

 min()
Returns the element with the minimum value from the list.
Note: To use the min() function, all values in the list must be of the same type.

Example:
>>> list3= [10, 20 ,30,40]
>>> min (list3)
10
Example:
>>>list4= [‘A’, ‘a’, ‘B’, ‘C’]
> > > min (list4)
‘A’
Here, it will return the alphabet with the minimum ASCII value.
Example:
>>> list5= [‘ashwin’, ‘bharat’, ‘shelly’]
>>>min(list5)
‘ashwin’
Here, it will return the string which starts with character having the smallest ASCII value.
Practical Implementation 1:
Write a Python script to input a number and count the occurrences of that number in a given list.
list1=[l0, 20, 30, 40, 10, 50, 10]
Output:

Practical Implementation 2:
Write a Python script to input a number and perform linear search.

Output:
Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. Suppose listExample is [‘h’,’e’,’l’,’l’,’o’], what is len(listExample)?

a) 5
b) 4
c) None
d) Error
2. Suppose list1 is [2445,133,12454,123], what is max(list1)? a)
2445
b) 133
c) 12454
d) 123
4. Suppose list1 is [3, 5, 25, 1, 3], what is min(list1)?
a) 3
b) 5
c) 25
d) 1
5. What will be the output of the following Python code?

>>>list1 = [11, 2, 23]

>>>list2 = [11, 2, 2]
>>>list1 < list2

a) True
b) False
c) Error
d) None

5. To add a new element to a list we use which command?

a) list1.add(5)
b) list1.append(5)
c) list1.addLast(5)
d) list1.addEnd(5)

6. To insert 5 to the third position in list1, we use which command?

a) list1.insert(3, 5)
b) list1.insert(2, 5)
c) list1.add(3, 5)
d) list1.append(3, 5)
7. To remove string “hello” from list1, we use which command?
a) list1.remove(“hello”)
b) list1.remove(hello)
c) list1.removeAll(“hello”)
d) list1.removeOne(“hello”)
8. What will be the output of the following Python code?

1. myList = [1, 5, 5, 5, 5, 1]
2. max = myList[0]
3. indexOfMax = 0
4. for i in range(1, len(myList)):
5. if myList[i] > max:
6. max = myList[i]
7.indexOfMax = i 8.
9. >>>print(indexOfMax)

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Short Answer Type Questions
9. What is the difference between extend ( ) and append ( )?
10. What is the difference between pop( ) and remove( )?
11. Write the output of the following:
L =[ ]
L1 = [ ]
L2= [ ]
for i in range(6,10):
L.append(i)
for i in range (10,4,-2):
L1.append(i)
for i in range (len(L1)):
L2.append(L[i]+L1[i])
L2.append(len(L)- len(L1))
print(L2)
Long Answer Type Questions
12. WAP to accept integer array and search a particular value in the array. If it exists, then
the function should display “exists”, otherwise should display “Does not exist”.
13. WAP that takes the list ‘L’ as an argument, adds 5 in all the odd values and 10 in all
the even values of the list. Also display the list.
14. Write a python script to calculate mean of the elements of an inputted list.
 Revision Module

QUESTIONNAIRE
Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. Suppose list1 is [1, 5, 9], what is sum(list1)?

a) 1
b) 9
c) 15
d) Error
2. To shuffle the list(say list1) what function do we use?
a) list1.shuffle()
b) shuffle(list1)
c) random.shuffle(list1)
d) random.shuffleList(list1)
3. Suppose list1 = [0.5 * x for x in range(0, 4)], list1 is:
a) [0, 1, 2, 3]
b) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
c) [0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5]
d) [0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0]
5. Suppose list1 is [3, 4, 5, 20, 5], what is list1.index(5)?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 4
d) 2
6. Suppose list1 is [3, 4, 5, 20, 5, 25, 1, 3], what is list1.count(5)?
a) 0
b) 4
c) 1
d) 2
7. Suppose list1 is [3, 4, 5, 20, 5, 25, 1, 3], what is list1 after list1.reverse()?
a) [3, 4, 5, 20, 5, 25, 1, 3]
b) [1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 20, 25]
c) [25, 20, 5, 5, 4, 3, 3, 1]
d) [3, 1, 25, 5, 20, 5, 4, 3]
7. Suppose listExample is [3, 4, 5, 20, 5, 25, 1, 3], what is list1 after
listExample.extend([34, 5])?
a) [3, 4, 5, 20, 5, 25, 1, 3, 34, 5]
b) [1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 20, 25, 34, 5]
c) [25, 20, 5, 5, 4, 3, 3, 1, 34, 5]
d) [1, 3, 4, 5, 20, 5, 25, 3, 34, 5]
8. Suppose listExample is [3, 4, 5, 20, 5, 25, 1, 3], what is list1 after listExample.pop(1)?
a) [3, 4, 5, 20, 5, 25, 1, 3]
b) [1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 20, 25]
c) [3, 5, 20, 5, 25, 1, 3]
d) [1, 3, 4, 5, 20, 5, 25]
9. Suppose listExample is [3, 4, 5, 20, 5, 25, 1, 3], what is list1 after listExample.pop()?
a) [3, 4, 5, 20, 5, 25, 1]
b) [1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 20, 25]
c) [3, 5, 20, 5, 25, 1, 3]
d) [1, 3, 4, 5, 20, 5, 25]
10. What will be the output of the following Python code?

1. myList = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
2. for i in range(1, 6):
3.myList[i - 1] = myList[i] 4.
5. for i in range(0, 6):
6. print(myList[i], end = " ")

a) 2 3 4 5 6 1
b) 6 1 2 3 4 5
c) 2 3 4 5 6 6
d) 1 1 2 3 4 5

11. What will be the output of the following Python code?

1. >>>list1 = [1, 3]
2. >>>list2 = list1
3. >>>list1[0] = 4
4. >>>print(list2)

a) [1, 3]
b) [4, 3]
c) [1, 4]
d) [1, 3, 4]
12. What will be the output of the following Python code?

1. names1 = ['Amir', 'Bala', 'Chales']

2.
3. if 'amir' in names1:
4. print(1)
5. else:
6. print(2)

a) None
b) 1
c) 2
d) Error

13. What will be the output of the following Python code?

1. names1 = ['Amir', 'Bala', 'Charlie']

2.names2 = [name.lower() for name in names1]
3.
4. print(names2[2][0])

a) None
b) a
c) b
d) c

14. What will be the output of the following Python code?

1. numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]
2. numbers.append([5,6,7,8])
3. print(len(numbers))

a) 4
b) 5
c) 8
d) 12

15. What will be the output of the following Python code?

1. list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]
2. list2 = [5, 6, 7, 8]
3.
4. print(len(list1 + list2))
 a) 2
b) 4
c) 5
d) 8
Short Answer Type Questions

16. Write the most appropriate list method to perform the following tasks:
(i) Delete a given element from a list.
(ii) Get the position of an item in the list.
(iii) delete the 3rd element from the list.
(iv) Add single element at the end of the list.
(v) Add an element in the beginning of the list.
(vi) Add elements in the list at the end of a list.
17. Write the output of the following:
L1= [500,600]

L2= [35,45]
L1.append(700)
L1.extend(L2)
L1.insert(5,2)
print(L1)
print( L1 + L2)
print (L1. index(35))
print(L2 * 2)

Long Answer Type Questions

18. WAP to display the unique and duplicate items of a given list.
19. WAP to enter a string and count the number of words in the given string.
20. WAP to display the frequencies of all the elements of a list.
21. WAP to shift the negative numbers to the right and positive numbers to the left so that
the resultant list will look like.
Original list [-12,11,-13,-5,6,-7,5,-3,-6]
Output should be [11,6,5,-6,-3,-7,-5,-13,-12]