Raid Levels explained

Top Raid 0 Raid 1 Raid 3 Raid 5 Raid 10 Raid 0+1

Raid Explained
RAID stands for Redundant Arrayof Inexpensive (or sometimes
"Independent") Disks. RAID isa method of combining multiple hard
disks in a single logical unit tooffer high availability, performance
or a combination of both. Thisprovides better resilience and
performance than a single disk drive.

The benefits of RAID explained

• Provides real-time data recovery with uninterrupted access

when a hard drive fails
• Increases system uptime and network availability
• Protects against data loss
• Multiple drives working in parallel increases system
performance
• Software RAID

Many operating systems provide functionality for

implementing software based RAID systems. Thesoftware
RAID systems generate the RAID algorithms using the server
CPU,this can severely limit the RAID performance. Should a
server failthe whole RAID system is lost. Cheap to implement
and only need asingle SCSI controller.

Hardware RAID

All RAID algorithms are generated on the RAID controller board,

thus freeing the server CPU. Allows fullbenefits and data
protection of RAID. More robust and fault tolerantthan software
RAID. Requires dedicated RAID controller to work.

RAID levels

Various RAID levels exist these are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, &

0+1. The levels of RAID protectionvaries with the RAID level
selected RAID levels 0 & 1 are nottechnically RAID as they
have no redundancy in the event of drivefailure. The most
common RAID levels are shown below. RAIDlevels 2, 4, 6, 7 &
0+1 are a combination of the other RAID levelsshown.
 Raid Level - 0
Top Raid 0 Raid 1 Raid 3 Raid 5 Raid 10 Raid 0+1

RAID 0
Offers no redundancy or fault tolerance, hence does not truly fit
the"RAID" acronym. In level 0, data is striped across
drives,resulting in higher data throughput. Since no redundant
information isstored, performance is very good, but the failure of
any disk in thearray results in data loss. This level is commonly
referred to asstriping.

Advantages Disadvantages

• No parity generation • Not a true RAID

• Easy to implement • No redundancy / fault tolerance
• Cost effective • Drive failure will result in data loss

• Utilises full disk capacity • Not suitable in mission critical

environments

Applications

• Pre-Press
• Video editing and
production

• Image
manipulation/editing

Dual controller Raid 0 offers better

performance than a single controller
 Raid Level -1
Top Raid 0 Raid 1 Raid 3 Raid 5 Raid 10 Raid 0+1

RAID 1
Provides redundancy by writing all data to two or more drives.The
performance of a level 1 array tends to be faster on reads
andslower on writes compared to a single drive, but if either drive
fails,no data is lost. This is a good entry-level redundant system,
since onlytwo drives are required; however, since one drive is
used to store aduplicate of the data, the cost per megabyte is
high. This level iscommonly referred to as mirroring.

Advantages Disadvantages

• No parity generation • Inefficient use of disk space

• Easy to implement • High disk overhead
• Extremely fault tolerant
• Utilises full disk capacity • Doubles number of writes

• 2 drives minimum

Applications

• Pre-Press
• Video editing and production

• Image manipulation/editing
 Raid Levels -3
Top Raid 0 Raid 1 Raid 3 Raid 5 Raid 10 Raid 0+1

RAID 3
Provides redundancy by writing all data to three or moredrives.
This RAID 3 disk array provides excellent storage for
videoimaging, streaming, publishing applications or any system
that requireslarge file block transfers.

Advantages Disadvantages

• Single dedicated parity disk • Inefficient with small file transfer

• High read data rate
• High write data rate
• 4 drives minimum
• No performance degradation if
drive fails

• Best and worst case performance

similar

Applications

• Video Streaming
• Video Publishing
• Video Editing
• Pre Press
• Image editing

• Any application that needs heavy

updating and large file usage
 Raid Level- 5
Top Raid 0 Raid 1 Raid 3 Raid 5 Raid 10 Raid 0+1

RAID 5
Provides redundancy by writing data and parity informationacross
three or more drives, thus increasing performance. The RAID Level
5provides the best combination of disk array technology. The
mostpopular RAID level supplied.

Advantages Disadvantages

• Most flexible of all disk arrays • Inefficient with large file transfer
• Best balance cost / performance /
protection of any RAID system • Disk failure has an impact on
• Allows multiple simultaneous performance
writes
• High read data rate
• Medium write data rate
• 3 drives minimum
• Ideal for small write applications

• Highly efficient

Applications

• Transaction processing
• Relational Databases
• File & Print Servers
• WWW, E-mail, and News servers

• Intranet Servers
 Raid Level- 10
Top Raid 0 Raid 1 Raid 3 Raid 5 Raid 10 Raid 0+1

RAID 10
Provides very high performance and redundancy. Datais
simultaneously mirrored and striped. Can under
circumstancessupport multiple drive failures.

Advantages Disadvantages

• Highly fault tolerant • Very expensive

• High data availability • Drive spindles must be
synchronised
• Very good read / write
performance • Not very scaleable

Applications

• Where high performance and

redundancy are critical
 Raid Level 0+1
Top Raid 0 Raid 1 Raid 3 Raid 5 Raid 10 Raid 0+1

RAID 0+1
Provides redundancy by writing all data to four or more
drives.RAID 0+1 combines the benefits of RAID level 0 and RAID
level 1.This offers both striping and mirroring with no parity
generation.The RAID 0+1 also provides high performance and
resilience to RAID 5.

Advantages Disadvantages

• No parity generation • Inefficient use of disk space

• Easy to implement • High disk overhead / Expensive
• Utilises full disk capacity
• 4 drives minimum • Costly to deploy

• Higher performance than RAID 5

Applications

• General File servers

• Imaging applications

• Medium size database

applications

Pinout of the VGAConnector

Pin Name Dir Description
1 RED Red Video (75 ohm, 0.7 V p-p)
2 GREEN Green Video (75 ohm, 0.7 V p-p)
3 BLUE Blue Video (75 ohm, 0.7 V p-p)
4 ID2 Monitor ID Bit 2
5 GND Ground
6 RGND Red Ground
7 GGND Green Ground
8 BGND Blue Ground
9 KEY - Key (No pin)
10 SGND Sync Ground
11 ID0 Monitor ID Bit 0
12 ID1 or SDA Monitor ID Bit 1
13 HSYNC or CSYNC Horizontal Sync (or Composite Sync)
14 VSYNC Vertical Sync
15 ID3 or SCL Monitor ID Bit 3

15 pin HIGHDENSITY D-SUB 15 pin HIGHDENSITY D-SUB

FEMALE connector at the MALE connector at the monitor cable
computer
Keyboard, Monitor & Mouse Pinouts

for PC, SUN™, MAC®, USB, FireWire®,

RS232, Digital Flat Panel and EVC
configurations
 VGA VIDEO with DDC VGA VIDEO with DDC
(VEXT-xx, VEXT-xx-MM) (VEXT-FLT-xx, VEXT-FLT-xx-MM)
Mating face of 15-pin HD male (VEXT-THN-xx, VEXT-THN-xx-MM)
Mating face of 15-pin HD male

PIN# SIGNAL PIN# SIGNAL

1 RED 9 NC PIN# SIGNAL PIN# SIGNAL

2 GREEN 10 SYNC RTN 1 RED 9 DDC+5

3 BLUE 11 ID0 2 GREEN 10 SYNC RTN

4 ID2 12 ID1 or DDC DATA 3 BLUE 11 ID0

5 GND 13 HSYNC 4 ID2 12 ID1 or DDC DATA

6 RED SHIELD 14 VSYNC 5 GND 13 HSYNC

7 GREEN SHIELD 15 ID3 or DDC CLOCK 6 RED SHIELD 14 VSYNC

8 BLUE SHIELD 7 GREEN SHIELD 15 ID3 or DDC CLOCK

8 BLUE SHIELD
NTI’s VGA cables extend a VGA monitor up to 100 feet at high
resolutions up to 1920x1200. NTI’s Flat and Super Thin VGA cables extend a VGA monitor up to 50
feet. These cables are ideal for applications where space is tight.
See PS/2 CABLES for more details.
See PS/2 CABLES for more details.

SUN AND SGI VIDEO

Mating face of 13W3 female PS/2 KEYBOARD OR MOUSE
Mating face of 6 pin miniDIN female

PIN# SIGNAL PIN# SIGNAL

1 GND 8 ID1 PIN# SIGNAL PIN# SIGNAL

2 VSYNC 9 ID0 1 DATA 4 +5

3 ID2 10 GND 2 NC 5 CLOCK

4 GND A1 RED 3 GND 6 NC

5 CSYNC A2 GREEN
NTI’s keyboard and mouse cables extend PC keyboards and mice to
6 HSYNC A3 BLUE
100 feet with no loss of signal.
7 GND

See PS/2 CABLES for more details.

Sun computer cables and adapters include Sun to VGA adapters, Sun
to BNC video adapters and SUN gender changers.

PC/AT KEYBOARD
See SUN CABLES for more details.
Mating face of 5
pin DIN female

MAC VIDEO
PIN# SIGNAL PIN# SIGNAL
1 CLOCK 4 GND
2 DATA 5 +5
Mating face of 15D male
3 NC
PIN# SIGNAL PIN# SIGNAL
1 GND 9 BLUE