University of Lucknow

Master of Linguistics Programme

Regulations 2020

1. Applicability

These regulations shall apply to the Masters in Linguistics programme from the session
2020-21.

2. Minimum Eligibility for admission

A three/four-year Bachelor’s degree or equivalent in all streams of language, literature and

social sciences awarded by a University or Institute established as per law and recognised as
equivalent by this University with minimum … percentage marks or equivalent grade, shall
constitute the minimum requirement for admission to the Master in Linguistics programme.
(any other additional requirement may also be specified)

3. Programme Objectives
The PG programme in Linguistics aims at skill enhancement of enrolled students in the
field of languages and their analysis, so that their employability in various linguistic and
language-analysis related positions around the country is enhanced. The PG programme is
designed to work for the holistic development of each student, concentrating on
developing their depth of knowledge, problem sensitivity and solving skills. The
programme teaches the students to think in multiple directions with its interdisciplinary
understanding and engagement with subjects like sociology, psychology, anthropology,
history, etc. while creating a robust foundation of knowledge in core areas of Linguistics
and paving the way for excellence in its specific areas and also some of the significant
applied areas of Linguistics. The PG course in Linguistics equips the students with the
aptitude to undertake research in all recent and emerging trends of Linguistics and also
trains them in the skills required to take up teaching in Linguistics as a profession.

4. Programme Outcomes
After the course is over, students of MA Linguistics will:
- Have an overview of linguistic knowledge, be able to identify, analyse and document
specific linguistic characteristics of a chosen language and be able to delve into expert
level research and scientific study of a linguistic field of their choice.
- Have a high level of employability in areas of linguistic research, linguistic training and
linguistic study.
- Have knowledge and understanding of modern and contemporary fields of application
of their newly acquired degree
5. Specific Programme Outcomes
 Students of MA Linguistics will:
- Have extensive knowledge of the four branches of linguistics, i.e. Phonetics,
Morphology, Syntax and Semantics
- Have basic communication skills and academic writing skills
- Have published at least one masters thesis on a topic of their choice
- Have worked in the field with a language of their choice
- Have finished an internship in a related industry
6. Course Structure

The course structure of the Master in Linguistics programme shall be as under:

Name of the Couse Credit Course Type

Course No.

Semester I
General Linguistics: An Core Course
LIN-CC-101 Introduction
04

LIN-CC-102 Phonetics 04 Core Course

LIN-CC-103 Morphology
04
Core Course

Comparative and Historical Core Course

Linguistics with special
LIN-CC-104 reference to the Indo-Aryan
04
language Family
LIN-CC-105 Sociolinguistics 04 Core Course
LIN-VC-101 Basic Communication Skills 04 Value added course (Credited)
Semester Total 24
Semester II
LIN-CC- 201 Aspects of Phonology 04 Core Course
LIN-CC- 202 Syntax 04 Core Course
LIN-CC- 203 Semantics 04 Core Course
LIN-CC- 204 Dialectology and Field Methods 04 Core Course
Descriptive and Grammatical Core Course
LIN-CC-205 04
Analysis of Hindi
LIN- CC-206 Lexicography 04 Core Course
LIN-VNC-201 Academic Writing 00 Value added course (Non-Credit)
Semester Total 24
Semester III
LIN- CC- 301 Language Documentation 04 Core Course/ MOOC
LIN-CC-302 Neurolinguistics 04 Core Course/ Elective
- Translation Theory Elective
LIN- EL-301A
and Practice 04
LIN-EL-301B - Advanced Syntax
- Grammar and Elective
LIN- EL-302A
Grammatical Theories 04
LIN-EL-302B - Typology
LIN-IN-301 Internship 04 Internship
LIN-IER-301 Elements of Linguistics-I 04 Inter-departmental Course
 Semester Total 24
Semester IV
LIN-CC-401 Research Methodology 04 Core Course
Language Teaching: Theory Elective
LIN- EL -401A 04
and application
- Linguistic Study of Elective
LIN-EL-402 A Stylistics
04
LIN-EL-402B - Computational
Linguistics
LIN-MT-401 Dissertation
08
Master Thesis

LIN-IRA-401 Basic Linguistic Tools 04 Intra-departmental Course

Semester Total 24
GRAND TOTAL 96
S – Subject; SCC – Core Course; SVC – Value added course (Credited);
SVNC - Value added course (Non-Credited); SEL –Elective;
SIER – Interdepartmental Course; SIRA – Intradepartmental Course

(kindly give any further list/details of the courses if needed)

7. Course Outlines
 Title of Course General Linguistics: An Introduction

Core Course Linguistics

Course Code LIN-CC-101
Level 1st Semester
Course Objectives To provide a general introduction to different aspects of language and
linguistics

Course Outcomes By the end of the course, the student will have an introductory
understanding of the basic tenets of linguistics, its various branches of
study, the scope of research in the subject and available scholarships and
kind of job opportunities around the world.
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Communication and its means
- Types of Communication, human and non human communication
- Design features of human language
Unit 2 - Linguistics – definition and aim
- Branches of Linguistics
- Methods of Linguistics
Unit 3 - Major Dichotomies: Saussure - Langue and Parole; Syntagmatic
and Paradigmatic relations; Synchronic and Diachronic
approaches;
- Chomsky - Competence and Performance, Deep and Surface
Structure
Unit 4 - Relation of Linguistics with other disciplines
- Language and Culture
- Language and Brain
- Language and thought
- Language and Society
Unit 5 - Language and Script
- Writing systems-Historical development of writing

Recommended Books-Bloomfield, Leonard. An introduction to the study of language. H. Holt, 1914.

Hockett, Charles F. A course in modern linguistics. New York: Macmillan Company (1958).
Hall, Robert Anderson. Introductory linguistics. Chilton Books, 1964.
Gleason, H. A. "An Introduction to Descriptive Linguistics." New York: Holt (1958).
कवितारस्तोगी - भाषाविज्ञान का पररचय
हरीश शर्ाा - भाषा विज्ञान की रूपरे खा
िैश्ना नारं ग - सार्ान्य भाषा विज्ञान
र्हािीर सरन जैन - भाषा एिं भाषाविज्ञान
कृपाशंकर एिं चतभ
ु ज
ुा सहाय - आधनु नक भाषाविज्ञान
दे िन्
े र नाथ शर्ाा - भाषाविज्ञान की भूमर्का
 Title of the course Phonetics
Core Course Linguistics
Course Code LIN-CC-102
Level 1st Semester
Course Objectives To develop understanding of speech production, descriptions of speech
sounds, properties of sounds and an ability for transcription of speech
sounds employing IPA
Course Outcomes By the end of the course, the student will have an in depth idea of
human speech—its production and classification. When given a speech
sample to analyse, the student will be able to identify sounds,
appreciate physical properties of sound waves using linguistic tools, and
transcribe sounds using IPA.
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Speech analysis using PRAAT, Wavesurfer
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Physiological basis of speech production: organs of speech,
respiratory system and laryngeal system; states of glottis and
Phonation types.
- Air Stream Mechanisms – Pulmonic, Velaric, and Glottalic.
Unit 2 - Classification of speech sounds – Consonants: Place of
articulation, Degrees of Stricture: Manners of articulation; and
three term labels. Vowels: Articulation of vowels, Tongue
placement and lip rounding
- Cardinal vowels, Diphthongs, Semi-vowels.
- Complex Articulations: Double articulation and secondary
articulation.
Unit 3 - Syllable as a speech unit, its structure and significance;
- Voice Onset Timing(VOT) and Aspiration
- Suprasegmental features – Stress, length, pitch, tone,
Intonation, Voice quality, and rhythm.
Unit 4 - Acoustic characteristics of Sound waves: Transmission,
frequency, Pitch, amplitude, resonances.
- Instrumental phonetics: Palatography, X-rays, Spectrography.
Unit 5 - Speech reception: Auditory Phonetics.
- IPA symbolsand Phonetic transcription: Broad and Narrow
transcription.
Recommended Books-
Abercrombie, D. 1968, Elements of General Phonetics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Ashby, M. and J.Maidment. 2005. Introducing Phonetic Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Ladefoged, P. 2001.A course in Phonetics. Boston, MA.:Heinle and Heinle.
Laver, John. 1994. Principles of Phonetics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

दे िीशंकर द्दद्दिेदी - भाषा और भावषकी

हरीश शर्ाा - ध्िननविज्ञान
चतुभज
ुा सहाय - स्िनविज्ञान
गोलोक बिहारी धल - ध्िननविज्ञान
रर्ेश चन्र र्ेहरोत्रा - हहंदी ध्िननकी और ध्िननर्ी
 Title of Course Morphology
Core Course Linguistics
Course Code LIN-CC-103
Level 1st Semester
Course Objectives To develop an understanding of the various word formation processes
and their analyses, while learning the skills to analyse them in any
language.

Course Outcomes By the end of the course the student will have an understanding of the
minimal meaningful unit of a language, the tools and rules to identify
such units in a language and analyse the same. The student will be able to
create a rudimentary grammar of a given language using the skills
acquired during the course.
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Morphological analysis using data sets from different languages
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Morphology: Morph, Morpheme and allomorph.
- Morphemic variants and their conditioning
- Criteria for the identification of morphemes
Unit 2 - Types of Morphemes - Roots, affixes, stem and base, stem
extender
- Clitics and their types
- Morphological processes
Unit 3 - Word and its types
- Word and lexeme
- Word Classes
- Processes of word formation: Derivation, Inflection,
Compounding, Reduplication, Conversion: productivity and
blocking
Unit 4 - Interaction of lexicon, morphology and syntax;
- Morphological Typology;
- Idioms and Compounds;
- Grammatical categories
Unit 5 - Morphological analysis

Recommended Books-
Anderson, Stephen R., and Stephen R. Anderson. A-morphous morphology. Vol. 62. Cambridge
University Press, 1992.
Aronoff, Mark. "Word formation in generative grammar." Linguistic Inquiry Monographs Cambridge,
Mass 1 (1976): 1-134.
Spencer, Andrew. Morphological theory: An introduction to word structure in generative grammar.
Wiley-Blackwell, 1991.
Katamba, Francis. Morphology. New York: Macmillan International (1993).
Rastogi , K. -सर्सार्नयक भाषाविज्ञान
भोला नाथ नतिारी -भाषाविज्ञान
 Title of Course Comparative and Historical Linguistics with special reference to the Indo-
Aryan language Family

Core Course Linguistics

Course Code LIN-CC-104
Level 1st Semester
Year 1st Year
Course Objectives To understand the different ways in which languages change, and also the
extension of the same in the context of Indo-Aryan languages.
Course Outcomes By the end of the course the student will have an understanding of the
different ways in which over the course of time and space, languages
change. They will be able to chronologically map the evolution of one
language from another using the rules and skills acquired during the
course. They will have a wider understanding of the language families of
the world and a better one of the language families in South Asia, specially,
the Indo Aryan Language family.
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Practical analyses of data sets from languages dating from different
eras and geographical spaces
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Concept of Comparative Philology
- Comparative Linguistics
- Historical and Comparative Methods
Unit 2 - Methods of Reconstruction - Internal and External
- Exercises
Unit 3 - Change in Language – Phonetic, Morphological, Syntactic and
Semantic
Unit 4 - Phonetic Laws & Neo-Grammarian Theory
Unit 5 - Language Families
- Proto Indo-European and Indo-European Languages,
- Indo-Aryan language family– Old, Middle and New
Recommended Books-

Hock, Hans Henrich. Principles of historical linguistics. Walter de Gruyter, 2009.

Hudson-Williams, Thomas. A short introduction to the study of comparative grammar (Indo-

European). University of Wales Press, 1951.

Ghatage, Amrit Madhav. Historical linguistics and Indo-Aryan languages. University of Bombay, 1962.

Lehman, W.P. & Y." Malkiel. HistoricalLinguistics. Amsterdam: John (1968).

Bynon, Theodora. Historical linguistics. Cambridge University Press, 1977.

सरयू प्रसाद अग्रिाल - प्राकृत विर्शा

Title of Course Sociolinguistics

 Core Course Linguistics
Course Code LIN-CC-105
Level 1st Semester
Course Objectives To develop an understanding of the ways language and society interact
with one another, and the resulting changes in both.
Course Outcomes By the end of the course the student will have an understanding of the
different ways in which languages in a society and the society itself,
interact, how both bring about changes in the other due to their inherent
characteristics and how different features of each can be understood
better by studying the other. They will examine this relationship through
the lenses of class, gender, caste, and other similar classifications of a
society and examine how languages change in each.
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Sociolinguistics – Nature and Scope, Micro and Macro.
- Sociolinguistics and related disciplines
- Concept of Communicative competence
Unit 2 - Social and Cultural variation
- Style and Registers
- Social Stratification
- Sociolinguistic variables
- Language repertoire
Unit 3 - Language Contact
- Bilingualism and Multilingualism
Unit 4 - Patterns of language use in a Multilingual Society
- Diglossia,
- Issues of Language maintenance and shift
- Borrowing and Interference
- Code Mixing and Code Switching
- Pidgins and Creoles
Unit 5 - Language planning—types, processes
- Standardization & Modernization

Recommended books/readings-
Fishman, Joshua A. "The sociology of language." Sociolinguistics. Palgrave, London, 1997. 25-30.
Giglioli, Pier Paolo, ed. Language and social context: selected readings. Penguin Books, 1972.
Gumperz, J.J. and D. Hymes. Directions in Sociolinguistics; the Ethnography of Communication. Holt,
Rinehart and Winston, 1972.
Labov, William. Sociolinguistic patterns. No. 4. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1972.
Nida, Eugene A. "Language in Culture and Society." (1964): 964.

रिीन्र नाथ श्रीिास्ति एिं

रर्ानाथ सहाय - हहंदी का सार्ाजजक सन्दभा

Title of Course Basic Communication Skills

Core Course Linguistics
Course Code LIN-VC-101
Level 1stSemester
Course Objectives
Course Outcomes
Pedagogy - Extensive TPR exercises
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Introducing self, greetings, addressing others
- Introduction to basic sentence structure, commands and
postpositional
- Pronunciation of English phonemes
- Description of simple situations, e.g. my room, my family
- TPR exercises – introduction to question words, demonstrative
pronouns, the present of verb ‘to
- be’
Unit 2 - Describing locations, e.g. where I am from, where I live
- Personal pronouns and 'to be'
- Nouns and Adjectives
- Talk more about self, e.g. description of scenery through my
window, my pet, my hobby, etc.
- TPR – practicing production of simple sentences, commands and
questions
- Possessives
- Interrogative words
- Agreement of Adjectives
- Imperative forms
Unit 3 - Reading simple poems
- Pre-positions
- Nouns with pre-positions
- Describing festivals, e.g. DIWALI; FOOD;
- LIKES and DISLIKES
- Making a Sandwich– recycling of commands and postpositional
phrases
- Noun’s/Pronouns with postpositions
- Past of verb ‘to be’
- Comparison of adjectives
Unit 4 - Describing MY FAMILY
- Imperative/Family poem/Complete the poem
- Listening comprehension projects
- More imperatives
- Description of MY DAYLY ROUTINE, TELLING TIME
- Habitual Present forms
- Subject-Verb agreement
- Possessive case
Unit 5 - Reading simple stories and recounting its events
- Look at pictures and tell a story
- Ordinals
- Conjunct verbs
- Describing SEASONS; WEATHER
- The Progressive Aspect – Present and Past Tense
- Describing intent, plans of a trip, making lists
- Future tense
- Describing an event, planning my birthday party, list of invitees,
cooking
- The Perfect tense
- Story telling – based on listening and reading –
 Title of Course Aspects of Phonology

Core Course Linguistics

Course Code LIN-CC- 201
Level 2nd Semester
Course Objectives To develop understanding of the different aspects of the sound system in
languages and the theoretical approaches to them.
Course Outcomes By the end of the course, the student will have a deeper understanding of
phonological rules of languages. They will be able to look at a given language
sample and analyse it to identify the underlying phonological rules,
phonological conditioning factors, etc. They will know what different
distinctive features are and be able to identify them.
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Practical phonological analysis using sound samples
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Phonemic analysis: Phone, Phoneme and allophone
- Major distributions of sounds
- Commutation tests and Psychological reality.
Unit 2 - Distinctive features: Major class, Place, Manner, Laryngeal and
Prosodic features
- Natural Classes
- Neutralization
- Principles governing choice of underlying representations.
Unit 3 - Phonological alternations: Alternation types and conditioning factors
- Formal rules and notationalconventions
- Major phonological operations and rules.
Unit 4 - Phonological structure: Motivating Segment internal structure:
feature geometry and underspecification
- Segment external structure: autosegmental phonology
- Suprasegmental structure
Unit 5 - Derivational Analysis and Rule ordering: intrinsic and extrinsic
- Evaluation metrics; limits on abstractness
- Constraints on phonological component
- Lexical phonology
- Optimality Theory.

Recommended Books—

Clark, John and Colin Yallop. 1995. Introduction to phonetics and Phonology. Oxford: Blackwell.

Davenport, Mike and S.J. Hannahs. 1998. Introducing Phonetics and Phonology, 2nd Ed. London:
Hodder Arnold.

Jenson, John T. 2004. Principles of Generative Phonology: An introduction. Amsterdam: John

Benjamins Publishing Company.

Katamba, F. 1989. An Introduction to Phonology. London: Longman.

Odden, David. 2005. Introducing Phonology. New Delhi: Cambridge University Press India.
 Title of Course Syntax

Core Course Linguistics

Course Code LIN-CC- 202
Level 2nd Semester
Course Objectives To develop understanding of the fundamental aspects of the generative
theory of sentence grammar and impart training in the analysis of
sentences
Course Outcomes By the end of this course, students will gain technical mastery over the tools
of linguistic analysis in syntax, gain understanding of syntactic theory as it
applies in these areas, learn how to investigate syntactic data and analyze it
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Practical syntactic analysis using samples from different languages
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Knowledge of Language: Poverty of stimulus, Plato’s Problem and
Generative
- Grammar; Competence and Performance; Levels of Adequacy:
Observational,
- Descriptive and Explanatory; Acceptance and Grammaticality;
Syntactic
- Constituents, Constituent structure analysis and constituency tests.
Unit 2 - Phrase structure rules, grammar and itsinadequacies.
- Transformational grammar – transformational rules:
movement, deletion and insertion
- Advantages of TG.
Unit 3 - Principles and Parameters Theory. Lexicon: Theta theory:Projection
Principle and Theta criterion
- X-bar theory of Phrase structure
Unit 4 - Case Theory: structural and inherent case, case filter
- GovernmentBinding theory: Binding principles and nominals
Unit 5 - Control Theory- PRO and PRO Theorem.
- Bounding theory: Movements-wh and NP.
- Constraints on Movement: Subjacency Condition and ECP
Recommended Books—

Carnie, A. 2006. Syntax: A generative introduction(2nd Ed.). Oxford: Blackwel

Haegeman, L. 1991. Introduction to Government and Binding Theory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Ouhala, J. 1999. Introducing Transformational Grammar: from Principles and Parameters to

Minimalism.
London: Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd.

Cook, V.J. and Newson, M. 2007. Chomsky’s Universal Grammar. Oxford: Blackwell.

Verma, S. and Krishnaswamy. : Modern Linguistics. OUP.

 Title of Course Semantics

Core Course Linguistics

Course Code LIN-CC- 203
Level 2nd Semester
Course Objectives To develop an understanding of the way meanings of linguistic
expressions could be computed and their interrelations.
Course Outcomes By the end of this course, the student will be able to appreciate what are
the meaning relations in language, how meanings are computed,
meaning properties, social and contextual meanings, speech acts and
cognitive aspects of meaning.
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Semantics: Meaning of meaning, communication and meaning
- Semiotic triangle
- Lexeme: sense/reference/ denotation/ connotation
- Compositionality of meaning
- Levels of meanings
- Different approaches to the study of meaning.
Unit 2 - The role of context in meaning: External context:
sense/reference, prototypes, linguistic relativity.
- Dictionary/encyclopedic meaning
- Deixis
- Interpersonal contexts: speech act theory and conversational
implicature
Unit 3 - Lexical relations: Antonymy, meronymy, hyponymy and
taxonomy, synonymy Polysemy, and homonymy
- Componential analysis
Unit 4 - Logic: Significance of logic
- Propositional Logic: propositional relations, entailment and
presupposition, approaches to presuppositions, presupposition
triggers and failures.
- Contradiction and Tautology
- Predicate Logic: Truth, models and extensions.
- Meaning postulates
Unit 5 - Language and conceptualization: Cognitive approach to
Semantics
- Idealized Cognitive Models
- Embodiment and Image schemas
- Metaphor and Metonymy
- Radial categories in word meaning.
Recommended Books—

Austin, J.L. 1976. How to do things with words. Oxford: OUP.

Lyons, J. 1995. Linguistics Semantics: An Introduction. Cambridge: CUP
Reimer, Nick. 2010. Introducing Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Napoli, Donna J. 1996. Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
 Title of Course Dialectology and Field Methods

Core Course Linguistics

Course Code LIN-CC- 204
Level 2nd Semester
Course Objectives To develop an understanding of motivations behind dialectal variations of
a language, and to learn how to study these variations on field using
different methods
Course Outcomes By the end of the course, the student will be able to identify different
characteristics that differentiate one variation of a language from another.
S/he will be able to use different methods used in field work (elicitation,
documentation, archiving) to study such a variation and record his/her
findings.
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 -
Concept of Dialectology, Nature and Scope.
-
History and development of Dialectology
-
Differences among Dialect, Sub-Dialect, Idiolect and Language.
Unit 2 -
Types of Dialect – Regional or Geographical and Social.
-
Areal Linguistics, Dialect Geography , Linguistic Geography
-
Geo-linguistics
Unit 3 -
Language Endangerment, Documentation Description
-
Difference between Documentation and Description
Unit 4 -
Field methods and techniques—selection of informant,
methodology, preparation of questionnaire
- Data elicitation, Data-collection( word list, semantic fields etc)
- Data management ( glossing, interlinear)
- Creation of meta data
Unit 5 - Linguistic Atlas – Definition, History, Techniques of making
Linguistic-Atlas
- Types of Atlas
- Isogloss – Types and importance
- Linguistic Mapping
Recommended Books/Readings—

Chambers, Jack K., and Peter Trudgill. Dialectology. Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Nida, Eugene. “Field techniques in descriptive linguistics." International journal of American

linguistics 13.3 (1947): 138-146.

Grierson, George Abraham, (ed). Linguistic survey of India. Vol. 4. Office of the superintendent of
government printing, India, 1906.

Abbi, Anvita. A manual of linguistic field work and structures of Indian languages. LINCOM handbooks
in linguistics." (2001).

Grinevald, Colette, and Peter K. Austin. "Language documentation and description." (2003): 52., SOAS,
London

कैलाश चन्द भाहिया - भाषा भूगोल, हीरालाल शुक्ल शब्द भूगोल

 Title of Course Descriptive and Grammatical Analysis of Hindi
Core Course Linguistics
Course Code LIN-CC-205
Level 2nd Semester
Course Objectives Understanding the grammatical aspects of Hindi
Course Outcomes By the end of the course, the student will have a linguistic understanding of
the Hindi language. They will be able to analyse the language on the levels
of sound, word formation processes, the politics associated with it, the
variations developed due to language contact, etc.
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Historical perspective of Hindi
- Hindi as official Language
- Functional Hindi
- Different varieties of Hindi: Kolkattia Hindi, Mumbaiyya Hindi,
Dakkhini Hindi, Hindi of North-eastern region, Andamani Hindi
Unit 2 - Hindi and its major variations, their characteristics and relationship
- India as a linguistic area
- Relation of Hindi with other languages
- Standardization of Hindi
Unit 3 - Hindi Morphology-word classes, grammatical categories and word
formation processes - reduplication, echo formation etc.
Unit 4 - Hindi compounds and their types
- Hindi Syntax – Phrase structures, Noun phrase, Verb phrase,
Adjective phrase, Adverb phrase etc.
- Hindi transformations
Unit 5 - Morphological and Syntactic analysis of Hindi

Recommended Books-

Kellogg, Samuel Henry. A grammar of the Hindi language. Рипол Классик, 1972.

Kachru, Yamuna. An introduction to Hindi syntax. (1966).

Kelkar, Ashok R. Studies in Hindi-Urdu. Vol. 35. Postgraduate and Research Institute, Deccan College,
1968.

आचाया ककशोरीदास िाजपेई - हहंदी शब्दानुशासंन

र्रु ारीलाल उत्प्प्रेती - हहंदी र्ें प्रत्प्यय विचार

दीपचंद जैन - हहंदी एिं उसकी विविध िोमलयााँ

िी रा जगन्नाथ - प्रयोग और प्रयोग

 Title of Course Lexicography
Core Course Linguistics
Course Code LIN- CC-206
Level 2nd Semester
Year 1st
Course Objectives To develop understanding of the structure of lexicon and lexical entries.
Course Outcomes By the end of the course the student will have an understanding of the
science of dictionary making, the different types of dictionaries and how to
create a working online dictionary with the linguistic software FLEX
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Lexicography – Nature and scope
- History of Lexicography
- Western and Indian Lexicology and Lexicography
Unit 2 - Lexicon and Grammar
- Lexical Units – Form and Function,
- Sememe, Lexeme and words
Unit 3 - Types of Dictionaries – Monolingual, Bilingual, Multilingual;
- Glossary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedias;
- Technical, Definitional, Dialect, Pronouncing
Unit 4 - Dictionary making – Practical problems, Selection, arrangement
and presentation of entries, labeling or description.
- Sequencing arrangement of information with the entry
Unit 5 - Creation of a working dictionary of a selected language using FLEX

Recommended Books-
Landau, Sidney I. Dictionaries: The art and craft of lexicography. Macmillan Reference USA, 1984.
Hartmann, Reinhard Rudolf Karl,( ed.) Lexicography: principles & practice. Academic Press, 1983.
Singh, Ram Adhar. An introduction to lexicography. No. 26. Central Institute of Indian Languages,
1982.
Zgusta, Ladislav. Manual of lexicography. Vol. 39. Walter de Gruyter, 2010.
भोलानाथ नतिारी - कोशविज्ञान
रार् आधार मसंह - कोशविज्ञान
रार् चन्र िर्ाा - कोश कला
Title of Course Academic Writing
Core Course Linguistics
Course Code LIN-VNC-201
Level 2nd Semester
Year 1st
Course Objectives To develop the skills needed to read, fully understand, and eventually
write a research article/dissertation.
Course Outcomes By the end of this class students will be able to use syntactic clues to
interpret the meaning of complex sentences or new vocabulary, find
information by using reference tools, including online resources, monitor
comprehension and adjust reading strategy as measured by unit reading,
responses, reading tests, and quizzes., understand writing process and
method as measured by written essays, reading responses, and research
paper.
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Introduction to Scientific Writing, Purpose, Common Types,
General Features, Types of Scientific Documents
- Difficulties and Constraints
- Understand Titles and Plan the Writing Process
- Writing Structure
Unit 2 - Finding suitable Sources
- Developing Critical Approaches
- Avoiding Plagiarism
- Finding relevant information
- Note making
Unit 3 - Purpose and content of summary
- Stages of summarising
- Effective paraphrasing
- Paraphrasing techniques
- Purpose of references and citation
- Main reference system
- Use of quotations
- Organising the references
Unit 4 - Paragraph structure -Development of ideas
- Introducing paragraphs
- Linking paragraphs
- Contents and Structure of Introductions, Discussion and
Conclusions
- Structure, Vocabulary and Examples for Methodology and
Results
Unit 5 - Structure, Purpose, Qualities of an Abstract
- Purpose and Qualities of Titles
- Argument and Discussion
- Cause and Effect
- Cohesion Comparisons
- Types of visual presentation
- Functions and Principles of Visuals
- Making the right choice
Recommended Books—

Swales, John M., and Christine B. Feak. Academic writing for graduate students. Ann Arbor, MI:
University of Michigan Press, 1994.

Zemach, Dorothy. Rumisek, Liza. Academic Writing from Paragraph to Essay. Macmillan Publishers
Limited: iv-ix. 2005
 Title of Course Language Documentation
Core Course Linguistics
Course Code LIN- CC- 301
Level 3rd Semester
Year 2nd
Course Objectives To understand the various aspects involved in documenting
languages, specially lesser known and endangered languages.
Course Outcomes Students will learn about language documentation as an
interdisciplinary field of linguistic inquiry and practice, which deals
primarily with endangered languages. This includes various aspects
of fieldwork, such as the expectations of the documentalist and
those of potential communities whose languages are documented,
and the ethics and practicalities involved.
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Language Endangerment, its levels, consequences on
linguistic and cultural diversity, Ethnography
Unit 2 - Language documentation, Language description, difference
between both, Ethics: ethical issues involved in working with
human subjects
Unit 3 - Tools for recording, Documenting lexical knowledge, using
elicitation tools
Unit 4 - Different forms of transcription, Establishing lexical and
textual data( FLEX)
Unit 5 - Integrating video and audio(ELAN), Creating Meta data(IMDI)

Recommended Books-
Chamber, J.K. and Peter Trudgill. Dialectology. Cambridge University Press.

Nida, Eugene. “Field techniques in descriptive linguistics." International journal of American

linguistics 13.3 (1947): 138-146.
Samarin, W. J. Field linguistics: A guide to fieldwork. New York. Holt, Reinehart and Winston (1967).
Grierson, George Abraham, (ed). Linguistic survey of India. Vol. 4. Office of the superintendent of
government printing, India, 1906.
Abbi, Anvita. A manual of linguistic field work and structures of Indian languages. LINCOM
handbooks in linguistics." (2001).
Grinevald, Colette, and Peter K. Austin. "Language documentation and description." (2003): 52.,
SOAS, London

कैलाश चन्द भाहिया - भाषा भग

ू ोल

हीरालाल शुक्ल शब्द भूगोल

 Title of Course Neurolinguistics
Core Course Linguistics
Course Code LIN-CC-302
Level 3rd Semester
Year 2nd
Course Objectives To develop an understanding of the brain’s role in comprehension,
production and processing of language.
Course Outcomes By the end of the course, the student will be able to understand the
importance of the brain in the process of language production,
processing and comprehension. They will be able to identify different
parts of the brain and their function in linguistic faculty. They will also
be able to identify different linguistic disorders based on linguistic
output.
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Language as a human instinct. Core properties of human
language and how they are acquired.
- What does human language tell us about human brain and
mind? In what sense is it species specific?
- Evolution of language.
Unit 2 - Language and Brain: Relevant anatomical details;
- Language and Speech centers in the brain;
- Cerebral Dominance and Lateralization; Evolution of
Lateralization.
- Localization vs. Distributed function.
- Approaches and Models: Connectivists’ Model, Global Model.
Unit 3 - Acquisition of language: Chomsky –Innate hypothesis,
Lenneberg- Basics of Biological Foundations of language, CLD
studies, Milestones.
Unit 4 - Development of brain and development of language.
- Slow learners; Delayed onset of Speech and Language; Critical
Period Hypothesis; Learning Disorders –Dyslexia.
- Sign Language and acquisition issues.
Unit 5 - Speech–language impairment: How do studies of language
impairment contribute to an understanding of language and
mind/brain relationship?
- Disorders of communication: Developmental vs. Acquired;
Neural vs. Cognitive; organic vs functional; and disorders of
production vs reception, Hearing Impairment and Sign Language.

Recommended books—

Elizabeth Ahlsen, 2006. Introduction to Neurolinguistics. John Benjamins Publishing Company

Ingram, John CL. Neurolinguistics: An introduction to spoken language processing and its disorders.
Cambridge University Press, 2007.
 Title of Course Translation Theory and Practice
Core Course Linguistics
Course Code LIN- EL-301A
Level 3rdSemester
Course Objectives To understand translation as a linguistic activity
Course Outcomes By the end of the course, students will be aware of the nature of
translation and translation theory issues. They will be able to deal with
translation as linguistic procedure and as a socially constructed and
oriented activity. They will have an understanding of social functions of
translation and be able to link theory and practice.
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Translation – definition, scope and relevance.
- Translation as an Instrument of Linguistics, Cultural and literary
criticism
- Qualities of translation
Unit 2 - Theories of translation–Catford, Nida, Newmark, Bathgate
Unit 3 - Contrastive analysis
- Role of Contrastive Analysis in translation.
Unit 4 - Process of translation, Analysis, Transfer & Restructuring tools
of translation
Unit 5 - Problems of translation: Officialese, Commercial, Literary, Mass
Media and advertisement
Recommended Books-

Basnett-McGuire, Susan. "Translation Studies (1980)." Mary Snell-Hornby.

Nida, Eugene Albert, and Charles Russell Taber, eds. The theory and practice of translation. Vol. 8.
Brill Archive, 1982.
Newmark, Peter. Approaches to translation (Language Teaching methodology senes). Oxford:
Pergamum Press. https://doi. Org/10.1017, 1981.
सरु े श कुर्ार - अनि
ु ाद मसद्दधांतकी रूपरे खाएाँ
रिीन्र नाथ श्रीिास्ति एिं कृष्ण कुर्ार गोस्िार्ी - अनि
ु ाद मसद्दधांत एिं सर्स्याएं
नागेन्र - अनि
ु ाद मसद्दधांत एिं अनप्र
ु योग
 Title of Course Advanced Syntax
Core Course Linguistics
Course Code LIN-EL-301B
Level 3rd Semester
Course Objectives Understanding advanced concepts in the theory of generative grammar
Course Outcomes
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - From Principles and Parameters to Minimalist Programme:
Problems with the theory, Reasons for giving up D-Structure
and S-Structure and introduction of a Computational System.
- Functional Categories - significance of DP-analysis, AGRsP,
AGRoP, and Tense Phrase and scope for further categories
Unit 2 - Key concepts in the Minimalist Programme – spell-out,
greed,procrastination, last resort, AGR-based case theory,
multiple spec-hypothesis, strong and weak features
- Interpretable and non-interpretable feature.
Unit 3 - Transformation components: Copy theory of movement, its
properties, motivation for move-alpha, LF and PF movement
- Checking devices and features of convergence.
Unit 4 - Logical Form: Semantic interpretation in Minimalist
Programme: Differences with the earlier Principles and
Parameters theory
Unit 5 - Syntactic Analyses: Problem solving exercises.

Recommended Books:

Chomsky, Noam. 1981. Lectures on Government and Binding Dordrecht: Foris.

Chomsky, Noam. 1995. The Minimalist Program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Hornstein, N. and J. Nunes. 2005. Understanding Minimalism. Cambridge: CUP.
Hornstein, N. 1995. Logical Form: From GB to Minimalism. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell.
Kayne, Richard. 1994. The Antisymmetry of Syntax. Cambridge,MA: MIT Press.
 Title of Course Grammar and Grammatical Theories
Core Course Linguistics
Course Code LIN- EL-302A
Level 3rd Semester
Year 2nd
Course Objectives
Course Outcomes
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Traditional Grammar
- Structural Grammar and its main
characteristics
- Differences between Structural and
Traditional Grammar
- Ferdinand De Saussure.
Unit 2 - Different Structural Schools – Prague,
Copenhagen, London, American and
Russian.
Unit 3 - Systemic, Scale and Categoric Grammar
(Halliday)
- Tagmemics and Case Grammar
- Relational Grammar and LFG.
Unit 4 - Phrase Structural Grammar
- Inadequacies of Phrase Structure
Grammar. Introduction to
Transformational Generative Grammar,
Unit 5 - Types of Rules: PS rules,
Transformations and Interpretive rules.
- Types of operations-Movement,
Deletion and Insertion.
- The Theory of Government and Binding.

Books Recommended:
Palmer, F.R. - Grammar
Lepschy, G.C. - A Survey of Structural Linguistics
Chomsky, N. - Syntactic Structures
Fabb, N. - Sentence Structure
Radford, A. - Transformational Grammar
Haegeman, L. - Introduction to Government and Binding
Theory.
Lyons, J. - Chomsky
Title of Course Typology
Core Course Linguistics
Course Code LIN-EL-302B
Level 3rd Semester
Year 2nd
Course Objectives This course will focus primarily on
morphological and syntactic typology, surveying
the types of patterns which are found across the
languages of the world.
Course Outcomes By the end of this course, the student will gain a
thorough understanding of how numerous
constructions are realized in various languages,
along with in-depth knowledge of the how such
word and sentence structures work in a specific
language. Over the course of the term, students
will learn what typological traits are more versus
less common cross-linguistically, and the nature
of any implicational relationships between such
traits—along gaining the ability to carefully and
insightfully analyze the empirical make-up of
data from a language not previously examined.
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Language universal; inductive vs.
deductive approaches
- Types of universals; genetic,areal and
typological classification
- Contributions of typological research to
linguistic theory
- Chomsky’s concept of language
universals and of parametric variation
- Word order universals
- Formal vs. substantive universals
statistical universals.
Unit 2 - Aspiration, nasalization, retroflexion
- Trubetzkoy’s typology of the vowel
system
- Person, number, gender, case, aspect
and tense.
Unit 3 - Word order typology (Lehman’s
Hawkin’s and Vennemann’s
approaches); typology ofexternally and
internally headed relative clause,
complements, causatives
- Participial andgenitival constructions
with special reference to South Asian
languages
- Word order within a sentence and a
noun phrase
 - Anaphora, monomorphemic vs.
polymorphemic anaphors,
- Verbal reflexives and reciprocal
- Long distance binding
- Conjunctive participant
- Identicalsubject constraints on CP
formation
- Lexical subjects in CPs
- Scope of the negative,emphatics and
inclusive.
Unit 4 - Linguistic area, a critical evaluation of
the evidence in support of India as a
linguistic area;
- The verb say construction; synchronic
evidence for diachronic problems’
convergence ofDakkhini Hindi-Urdu,
Konkani and Marathi syntax with
Dravidian languages
- Convergence; constraints on
convergence; constraints in syntactic
change in languagecontact situation.
Unit 5 - Universals of the semantics of kinship
and colour terms
- Politeness phenomena
- Brown and Levinson’s cross cultural
universals.

Recommended Books:
Brown, P. and Stephen Levinson. 1978. ‘Universal in Language Usage: politeness
phenomenon’, in Esther N. Goody (ed.) 1978. Questions and Politeness: Strategies in
Social Interaction: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Comrie, B. 1981. Language Universal and Linguistic Typology. Oxford: Basil
Blackwell.
Croft, W. 1990. Typology and Universals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Emeneau, M.B. 1964. ‘India as a linguistic area’ in Dell Hymes (ed.) Language in culture
and society: A reader in linguistics and Anthropology. New York: Harper and Row
publisher.
Lehmann, W.P. (ed.) 1978. Syntactic typology: Studies in the phenomenology of
language. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Masica, C.P. 1976. Defining a linguistic area: South Asia. Chicago: University of
Chicago press.
 Core Course Linguistics
Title Elements of Linguistics-I
Course Code LIN-IER-301
Level 3rdSemester
Year 2nd
Course Objectives To provide a general introduction to different
aspects of language and linguistics

Course Outcomes By the end of the course, the student will have
an introductory understanding of the basic
tenets of linguistics, its various branches of
study, the scope of research in the subject and
available scholarships and kind of job
opportunities around the world.
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Language and communication
- Types of Communication
Unit 2 - Human and non-human communication
Unit 3 - Design features of language
Unit 4 - Linguistics and other disciplines
Unit 5 - Speech and writing

Recommended Book:

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams. An introduction to language. Cengage Learning,
2018.
 Title of Course Research Methodology
Core Course Linguistics
Course Code LIN-CC-401
Level 4thSemester
Year 2nd
Course Objectives To provide hands‐on introduction to the basic
terminology, concepts, and procedures
associated with scientific thought, practice, and
academic writing in the field of linguistics.
Course Outcomes By the end of the course, the student will be
able to evaluate the applicability and relevance
of different research methods in the research of
others as well as in their own, can develop
linguistic research questions and at the same
time describe which methods may be applicable
to examine various problems.
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Basic scientific concepts, variables,
hypothesis
- Falsification, p-values
- Reading a research article
- Summarising a research article
- Finding relevant information
Unit 2 - Introduction to corpus linguistics
- Basic experiment design
- Designing an experiment for data
elicitation
Unit 3 - Using excel for data entry
- Annotating data in excel
- Visualising data in excel (graphs, charts,
bars)
Unit 4 - Basic descriptive statistics—Means and
standard deviation
Unit 5 - Ethics of research involving human
subjects, Plagiarism
Recommended Books—

Goddard, Wayne, and Stuart Melville. Research methodology: An introduction. Juta and Company
Ltd, 2004.

Litosseliti, Lia, ed. Research methods in linguistics. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018.

Mohajan, Haradhan Kumar. "Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and related
subjects." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 7.1 (2018): 23-48.
 Title of Course Language Teaching: Theory and application
Core Course Linguistics
Course Code LIN- EL -401A
Level 4th Semester
Year 2nd
Course Objectives To understand the various methods of language teaching from an
applied Linguistic perspective.
Course Outcomes By the end of this course, students will be able to demonstrate
thorough knowledge of theory and methods in second-hand
acquisition of languages, be able to critically assess new teaching
methods and learning strategies in second-language acquisition, be
able to actively and independently participate in seminar
discussions by presenting delimited research topics within second
language acquisition.
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Language Teaching, aims and importance
- Language teaching as an area of Applied Linguistics
- Learning theories
- Learning and Acquisition
Unit 2 - Language Teaching Methods – Grammar translation, Direct,
Audio-lingual, Bilingual, Cognitive, Communicative, Silent
way, suggestology and other recent methods.
Unit 3 - Class room techniques-aids for teaching
Unit 4 - Contrastive Analysis, Error analysis-mistakes, lapses and
errors, cause, the contrastive analysis hypothesis, methods
of dealing with error
Unit 5 - Intra lingual analysis, language testing and evaluation –
types of Testing techniques

Recommended Books—

Billows, Frederic Lionel. The techniques of language teaching. Longman, 1961.

Halliday, Michael Alexander Kirkwood. "The linguistic sciences and language teaching." (1964).

Lado, Robert. "Language Testing: The Construction and Use of Foreign Language Tests. A Teacher's
Book." (1961).

Pulgram, Ernst, ed. Applied linguistics in language teaching. No. 6. Georgetown University Press, 1954.

Mackey, William F. "Language Teaching Analysis." (1967).

Bennett, William Arthur. Applied linguistics and language learning. Hutchinson, 1974.

रिीन्र नाथ श्रीिास्ति - भाषा मशक्षण

के िी िी एल नरमसंह राि - भाषा मशक्षणपरीक्षण एिं र्ल

ू यांकन

Title of Course Linguistic Study of Stylistics

 Core Course Linguistics
Course Code LIN-EL-402 A
Level 4th Semester
Year 2nd
Course Objectives To understand translation as a linguistic activity
Course Outcomes By the end of the course, students will be aware
of the nature of translation and translation
theory issues. They will be able to deal with
translation as linguistic procedure and as a
socially constructed and oriented activity. They
will have an understanding of social functions of
translation and be able to link theory and
practice.
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - Translation – definition, scope and
relevance.
- Translation as an Instrument of
Linguistics, Cultural and literary criticism
- Qualities of translation
Unit 2 - Theories of translation–Catford, Nida,
Newmark, Bathgate
Unit 3 - Contrastive analysis
- Role of Contrastive Analysis in
translation.
Unit 4 - Process of translation, Analysis, Transfer
& Restructuring tools of translation
Unit 5 - Problems of translation: Officialese,
Commercial, Literary, Mass Media and
advertisement
Recommended Books-

Basnett-McGuire, Susan. "Translation Studies (1980)." Mary Snell-Hornby.

Nida, Eugene Albert, and Charles Russell Taber, eds. The theory and practice of translation. Vol. 8.
Brill Archive, 1982.
Newmark, Peter. Approaches to translation (Language Teaching methodology senes). Oxford:
Pergamum Press. https://doi. Org/10.1017, 1981.
सुरेश कुर्ार - अनुिाद मसद्दधांतकी रूपरे खाएाँ
रिीन्र नाथ श्रीिास्ति एिं कृष्ण कुर्ार गोस्िार्ी - अनुिाद मसद्दधांत एिं सर्स्याएं
नागेन्र - अनुिाद मसद्दधांत एिं अनुप्रयोग

Title of Course Computational Linguistics

Core Course Linguistics
Course Code LIN-EL-402B
Level 4th Semester
Year 2nd
Course Objectives To understand the Computational linguistics
Course Outcomes Students will learn about Computational
linguistics
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 Fundamental of computer. A brief introduction
to Hardware and Software. Artificial Intelligence,
Natural Language Processing.
Computational Linguistics – Nature and scope,
Language Technology.
Unit 2 Computational Morphology – Developing
Analyser and generator. Words and how they
are formed, Basic constraints on affixes.

Unit 3 Computational Syntax – word classes, POS

tagging, Defining Tag set for any language, rule
based part of speech taggers,
Unit 4 Statistical part of speech taggers, Annotating
syntactic relation-
Developing tag set.

Unit 5 Branches of Semantics – Lexical Semantics &

formal Semantics;
Meaning in natural language – Logical operator
and quantifiers.
Rule of formal language in the analysis of natural
language. Integrating video and audio(ELAN),
Creating Meta data(IMDI)

Title Dissertation
LIN-MT-401
4th Semester
Year 2nd
Title of Course Basic Linguistic Tools

Core Course Linguistics

Course Code LIN-IRA-401
Level 4th Semester
Year 2nd
Course Objectives To develop an understanding of the basic tools
and software that are used in linguistic analysis
Course Outcomes By the end of the course, the student will be
able to use some basic tools used in language
analysis and field work. They will know why
these tools are used, they will be aware of
alternatives and be able to decide which tool
suits what kind of field work/analysis the best.
Pedagogy - Classroom lectures
- PPT presentations
- Group and individual work in every class
Course Content
Unit 1 - PRAAT
Unit 2 - Wavesurfer
Unit 3 - FLEX
Unit 4 - ELAAN
Unit 5 - Practicals