ARTS • Watercolor: A soft and see-through

(transparent) paint made from pigment, water and

PAINTING
gum Arabic.
•DEFINITION •HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE PAINTING
BRIEF HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE PAINTING
•ELEMENTS •TYPES •STYLES •FAMOUS PAINTINGS
•FILIPINO PAINTERS • Artistic paintings were introduced to the
Filipinos in the 16th century when the Spaniards
PAINTING
arrived in the Philippines.
• The expression of ideas and emotions, with
• the Spaniards used paintings as religious
the creation of certain aesthetic qualities, in a
propaganda to spread Catholicism throughout the
twodimensional visual language.
Philippines. These paintings, appearing mostly on
• An artist’s decision to use a particular church walls, featured religious figures appearing
medium, such as tempera, fresco, oil, acrylic, in Catholic teachings.
watercolour or other water-based paints, ink,
• In the early 19th century, wealthier,
gouache, encaustic, or casein
educated Filipinos introduced more secular Filipino
• The pigment may be in a wet form, such as art, causing art in the Philippines to deviate from
paint, or a dry form, such as pastels. religious motifs.
• Painting can also be a verb, the action of ELEMENTS
creating such an artwork
• The elements of painting are the basic
Need to Know: components or building blocks of a painting (and
art generally). In Western art they are generally
• Pigment: Nearly all paint colors come from
considered to be: • Color
nature. Dirt, rock, plants, etc. are the raw material,
which is ground down into what is called a • Tone (or value)
pigment.
• Line (a narrow mark made by a brush, or a line
• Acrylic Paint: A thick shiny paint made by created where two things meet)
mixing pigment with water and an acrylic base.
• Shape (2D, can be positive or negative) and Form
Dries within a few hours.
(3D)
• Poster Paint: A solid water-based paint that
• Space (or volume)
dries to a matt finish.
• Texture (or pattern)
• Fresco: The word is Italian for "fresh". The
technique involves painting with dry pigment on → Color
wet plaster. Fresco a secco involves painting on dry
plaster. • is the most basic element of a painting. Every
color has three aspects to it: hue or name, value
• Oil Paint: A thick, shiny paint made by or tone, and intensity.
mixing pigment with oil (usually linseed). Takes
several days to dry. • Hue – Pure Color (Red, Blue…..).

• Tempera: A water-based paint that may or • Value – Amount of Black or White in color.
may not be mixed with egg yolks (egg tempera). • Intensity – Degree of Purity of color.

→ Tone
• refers to the degree of lightness or darkness of an • Placement on the paper
area. - Objects placed higher
within the picture plane
• Tone varies from the bright white of a light
will appear further away
source through shades of gray to the deepest
black shadows. • Size - Objects that are
smaller will appear
→ Line further away from the
• Is used to control our eye, create unity and viewer.
balance. Help construct meanings.
• Line can be described as a moving dot. Line is • Detail - Objects that are
perhaps the most basic element of drawing. further away should have
less detail than objects
→ Shape
that are closer to the
• an element of art that is a two-dimensional area viewer
that is defined in some way. A shape may have an
• Color and Value - Objects that are further away
outline around it or you may recognize it by its
are lighter in value, while objects that are closer
area.
are typically darker in value.
• Geometric shapes - precise shapes that can be
• Perspective - Linear perspective is a drawing
described using mathematical formulas. Ex.
method that uses lines to create the illusion of
Circle, square, triangle, oval, rectangle,
space on a flat surface.
parallelogram, trapezoid, pentagon, pentagram,
hexagon, and octagon.
• Freeform Shapes - also called organic shapes, are → Texture
irregular and uneven shapes. Their outlines may
be curved, angular, or a combination of both • Implied – suggested roughness or smoothness of
objects in the composition.
• Form - an element of art, means objects that
have three dimensions. I like to think of form as a • Real – what it would feel like if you touch it.
3-D shape TYPES OF PAINTING

→ Space • Landscape is an
outdoor scene. A
• Is the area around, above, and within an object.
landscape artist uses
With consideration to drawings and paintings,
paint to create not only
our goal is to create the illusion of space.
land, water, and clouds
Six (6) ways an artist can create the illusion of but air, wind, and
space on a 2-Dimensional surface. sunlight.
• Overlapping - occurs when objects that are closer • Portrait is an image of a person or animal.
to the viewer prevent the view of objects that are Besides showing what someone looks like, a
behind them portrait often captures a mood or personality.
• Still life shows objects, such as flowers, • Lyrical Abstraction - Lyrical abstraction refers to
food, or musical instruments. A still life reveals an abstract paintings that are softer and more
artist's skill in painting shapes, light, and shadow.
romantic in nature. ● Side of St. George,
• Real Life scene captures life in action. It 1968, Paul Jenkins
could show a busy street, a beach party, a dinner
gathering, or any place where living goes on. • Cubism - Cubism is characterized by geometric
figures. Cubist painters analyze the subject and
• Religious work of art shares a religious
message. It might portray a sacred story or express break it up into a geometric abstract form. ●
an artist's faith Three Musicians, 1921
STYLES IN PAINTING Pablo Picasso

• Abstract Art • Surrealism • Conceptual Art Pop

Art • Photorealism• Hyperrealism • Minimalism •
2. Surrealism
Futurism • Impressionism • Fauvism
• The images in
1. Abstract Art these paintings
• refers to a style of painting that does not use are often
figurative reality as a reference. illogical and
have a dream-
• the artist alludes to his or her subject and
like quality
reduces it to a simplified form.
about them.
4 Types of Abstract Art
• Abstract Expressionism - Abstract expressionism
paintings are emotionally intense and ● Joan Miró, The Tilled Field, (1923–1924),
spontaneously created by the artist.

3. Conceptual Art
• Is a modern art style where
the artist believes that
● No. 5, 1948 Jackson Pollock, concept is more important
than artwork itself.

• Color Field - Color field paintings are ● Marcel Duchamp, No. 2

characterized by large, solid colors on a flat Nude Descending a
plane. The colors are the subjects themselves, Staircase,1911–12
and they are normally painted on large canvas
material. ● No. 61 (Rust and Blue),
1953 Mark Rothko 4. Pop Art
• occurred as a reaction to abstract expressionism,
which mid-1950s British artists believed was art
that was far-removed from daily life.
 ● Three Flags, 1958 Jasper Johns • David Burliuk, Revolution 1917

9. Impressionism

5. • It is characterized by thin brushstrokes and an

Photorealism emphasis on the depiction of light. It is often
painted outdoors to capture sunlight and color of
• one that looks as
their subjects.
realistic as a
photograph. This is • Claude Monet, Sunrise 1872
done by taking a
10. Fauvism
picture of the subject
and then painting it. • Is an art movement that occurred sometime after
impressionism. Fauvist Paintings focus on strong
color. Artists employing this style have wild brush
● Phoenix, (Oil in Canvas). Glennray Tutor strokes and highly simplified subjects.
2005 • The Drying Sails, André
Derain, 1905

6.
Hyperrealism
• Is an advancement
of the photorealism
FAMOUS PAINTINGS OF THE WORLD
art movement.
Artists use high- •
resolution cameras
to take photographs and paint them on canvas.

● Richard Estes "Flughafen Airport“ 1981

7. Minimalism
• Minimalism is an art movement
that is, as expected, characterized
by simplicity. Minimalist paintings
strip down the subject to its very
essence.
Mona Lisa – Leonardo da
• Onement 1, 1948 Barnett Newman
Vinci. (1503 or 1504)

8. Futurism
• Concerns itself with subjects like the technology,
speed, violence, and the future of the world. It
concerns itself with the depiction of man’s
triumph over nature.
• The Last Supper – • Girl With A Pearl Earring –
Leonardo da Vinci Johannes Vermeer.
(1665)

• T
h
e

• The Creation Of Adam – Michelangelo. (1508 –

1512) Night Watch – Rembrandt
van Rijn.
(1642)
•
Starry Night – Vincent van Gogh.
(1889)

• The Scream – Edvard

Munch. 1893
• Self-Portrait Without Beard –
Vincent van Gogh

• The
Persistence Of
Memory –
Salvador
• Guernica – Pablo Picasso.
Dali (1931)
(1937)
THE FILIPINO PAINTERS
1. Fernando Amorsolo
• (May 30, 1892 – April 24, 1972) is one of the • Hernando Ruiz Ocampo was a leading radical
most important artists in the history of painting modernist artist in the Philippines.
in the Philippines.
• Mother and Child
• Amorsolo is best known for his illuminated
2. Pacita Abad
landscapes, which often portrayed traditional
Filipino customs, culture, fiestas and occupations. • (1946–2004) was born in Basco, Batanes.
• Rice Planting • Her more than 30-year painting career began
when she traveled to the United States to
• Fruit Pickers
undertake graduate studies.
• Princess Urduja
• Filipina: A Racial Identity Crisis
• Maiden in a Stream
2. Cesar Legaspi
• The Rape of Manila
• April 2, 1917 in Tondo, Manila (1917–1994) is a
• The Bombing of the Intendencia Filipino National Artist awardee in painting.
2. Vicente Manansala • Man and Woman
• (January 22, 1910 - August 22, 1981) was a
Filipino cubist painter and illustrator.
Philippine Art History
• Manansala's canvases were described as
A Quick Look at the Different Art Form and Styles
masterpieces that brought the cultures of the
barrio and the city together. • Jeepneys Aesthetics
• Madonna of the Slums • a set of principles concerned with the
nature and appreciation of beauty, especially in art.
2. Juan Luna
• the branch of philosophy that deals with
• (October 23, 1857 – December 7, 1899) was a
the principles of beauty and artistic taste.
Filipino painter, sculptor and a political activist of
the Philippine Revolution during the late 19th • æsthetics and esthetics, the word is derived
century. He became one of the first recognized from the Ancient Greek aisthetikos meaning
Philippine artists. "esthetic, sensitive, sentient, pertaining to sense
perception which in turn was derived from
• The Spoliarium
aisthanomai, meaning "I perceive, feel, sense"
2. Felix R. Ressurection
Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that examines
• (February 21, 1855 - March 13, 1913). the nature of art and our experience of it. It
emerged during the 18th century in Europe and
• One of the great Filipino painters of the late 19th
developed in England as philosophers grouped
century, and is significant in Philippine history for
together such fields as poetry, sculpture, music,
having been an acquaintance and inspiration for
and dance.
members of the Philippine reform movement.
PRECOLONIAL ART PERIOD (6185 BC TO 1520
• Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas Al Populacho
AD)
2. Hernando R. Ocampo
• AGE OF HORTICULTURE/ NEOLITHIC PERIOD
• (April 28, 1911 – December 28, 1978) was a (6185 to 4,400 BC)
Filipino National Artist in the visual arts.
• METAL AGE (3190 to 190 BC) a kind of ear pendant fashioned from green
nephrite (jade) is the characteristic trait of the
• IRON AGE (200 BC TO 1000 BC)
Early Metal Age. One of the finest jade ornaments
Local communities are being established and art found to date is the double- headed pendant
starts to go beyond mere craft, i.e. stone weapons recovered from Duyong Cave, Palawan. It is an
or jewelry but starts to have decorative elements, example of the superb craftsmanship of ancient
meaning and context. carving in jade.
Old Stone Age (Paleolithic) Manunggul Jar
Espinosa Ranch Site, Cagayan Burial jar excavated from a Neolithic burial site in
160008000 BC NOTABLE ART PIECES / Manunggul cave of Tabon Caves at Lipuun Point at
ART WORK Palawan dating from 890–710 B.C.
The proof of earliest man’s presence was Important Works
recovered from a ranch site in Cagayan
Provincetwo flake tools dated about .9 million ● Maitum Jar
years, the oldest man-made object associated with (Metal Age: 190 BC to 500 AD) In 1991, the
the fossils of a proboscidean, a prehistoric National Museum archaeological team discovered
elephant. Other flake tools are recovered in Tabon anthropomorphic secondary burial jars in Ayub
Caves, Palawan and some stone tools in Bolobok Cave, Barangay Pinol, Maitum, Sarangani Province,
Cave, SangaSanga in Tawi-Tawi Mindanao, Philippines.
The center graphic is a watercolor image from the
Shell Bracelets and Pendants Boxer Codex, published c. 1590. The rare
publication helped date and ID many pieces that
(Neolithic) Cagayan, Palawan, and Sorsogon were discovered in Surigao. Surigao gold objects’
4854 BC datestamp could be placed in the span of the 10th
to the 13th centuries, A.D., pre-Hispanic era
Shells were fashioned into tools, as well as
ornaments. The oldest known ornaments made
from cone shells were found in the early 1960’s in
the grave of an adult male in Duyong Cave in
Palawan. A shell disk with a hole in the center was Pre-Colonial Art Forms
found next to his right ear and a disk with a hole by • Pre-colonial traditional art have religious
the edge was found on his chest. The shell symbols, every day activity such as fishing, farming,
ornaments were dated 4854 B.C. etc., or a specific decorative art pattern to the
Agono Petroglyphs are oldest known work of art in community
the Philippines located in the province of Rizal. • It has either the influence of local religion
There are 127 human and animal figures engraved (animistic) or Islamic based
on the rockwall probably carved during the late
Neolithic (3000 BC). • There is also an exchange of art aesthetics
and art processes with the Chinese and other asian
IMPORTANT ART WORKS countries who frequents as traders with our
Lingling-o (2000 BC – 1000 AD) indigenous groups.

Duyong Cave, Palawan Baybayin a Tagalog ancient script also known in

Visayan as badlit, derived from Brahmic scripts of Common Theme of the Okir
India and first recorded in the 16th century. It
• Torogan known as the flower symbol of the
continued to be used during the Spanish
ancestral home of the highest titleholder in a
colonization of the Philippines up until the late
Maranao village. The prominent part is panolong,
19th century
carved beam that protrudes in the front of the
Other Pre-Colonial Art house, it symbolizes power and prestige.
Pottery • Nāga or serpent
Weaving • Sarimanok, a chicken-like figure that carries a fish
in its beak
Tattoo
MODERN INTERPRETATION OF THE OKIR
Jewelry
RENDERED IN AN ART WORK
Carving
Metal Crafts
Sarimanok and Fish
Unchanged Art Design still existing Abdulmari Asia Imao
The Okir (motif) is an artistic cultural heritage of National
the Maranaos of Lanao, Philippines. It is as an Artist for Painting Acrylic
artistic design of the Maranao native inhabitants of on Canvas 24" x 24" 2011
southern Philippines beginning from the early 6th SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD (1521-1898)
Century C.E. before the Islamization of the area.
• Introduced formal Painting, Sculpture and
Okir is a design or pattern often rendered or Architecture which was inspired by the Byzantine,
curved in hardwood, brass, silver and wall painting Gothic, Baroque and Rococo art styles.
in curvilinear lines and Arabic geometric figures.
• Most art works are Religious (Catholic) based
Patterns of the Okir
• Art works bear the Philippine themed décor even
In the book of Dr. Nagasura Madale, it explains that with Spanish influence
the Okir has patterns which are used by the
Spanish Art Aesthetics as Adopted by Filipino
Maranao artists.
Artist
1. Matilak (circle)
Byzantine Painting Style:
2. Poyok (bud) Attributed to Maître à la
3. Dapal (leaf) Ratière, Battle of
Marignano, 1515
4. Pako (fern or spiral form)
Filipino Interpretation:
5. Todi (fern leaf with spiral at upper edge) Esteban Villanueva, Basi
6. Pako lungat (fern leaf with a cut at one edge) Revolt, 1821 (1 of 14
paintings)
Another elements found Dr. Madale are: Naga,
obid-obid binotoon, kianoko, pakonai and tialitali.
Maranao Okir Motif: Pako Rabong Note of Haley’s Comet
moving across the sky
Byzantine frescoes meaning, rock-work after the forms of sea
11th–12th-century shells.
Church of Panayia
Gothic Aesthetics
Phorviotissa Cyprus.
Gothic Art is the style of art produced in Northern
Europe from the middle ages up until the beginning
Byzantine art are artistic of the Renaissance. Typically rooted in religious
products of the Eastern devotion, it is especially known for the distinctive
Roman (Byzantine) Empire, as well as the nations arched design of its churches, its stained glass, and
and states that inherited its illuminated manuscripts.
culturally from the empire.
Spanish Colonialism Lives On
These are more Christian
with the Filipino “Antique”
based art.
Furniture and Carving Designs
Langit, Lupa at Impierno Josef
Baroque inspired wood carvings of table and relief
Luciano Dans ca. 1850
statue made by Juan Flores, Father of Pampanga
Sculpture and Woodcarving
Uprising of the Philippine Artist
• In the formation of the elite Filipino class, the
Ilustrado, paved way for the rich locals to study
abroad, a more “academic” and “western”
Baroque Aesthetics: approach has been learned.
Cathedral Church of
• The Filipino Classicism is formed that borrows the
Saint Mary in
NeoClassicism, Romanticism and even a hint of
Murcia, Spain
Impressionism
The Father of Filipino Painting Damian Domingo
• First Filipino to paint his face, the first Self-
The Baroque is often Portrait in the Philippines
thought of as a
• Founder of the Academia de Dibujo y
period of artistic style that used exaggerated
Pintura, the first school of drawing in the
motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to
Philippines (1821)
produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur
in sculpture, painting, architecture, literature, • One of the known artist of the decorative
dance, theater, and music. art illustrations tipos del pais watercolor paintings
that depict local costumes. It also became an
Filipino interpretation: Miagao Church also known
album of different native costumes.
as the Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Parish Church
Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines Rococo Aesthetics Juan Luna y Novicio First of Twelve Internationally
Rococo Art Renowned Artist
originated in early 18th century Paris, is
• Juan Luna y Novicio was a Filipino painter,
characterized by whimsical, curvy lines and
sculptor and a political activist of the Philippine
elaborately decorative style of art, whose name
Revolution during the late 19th century.
derives from the French word 'rocaille'
• His Spoliarium won the gold medal in the Neoclassicism in
1884 Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts Philippine
Architecture
Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo
• One of the greatest Filipino painters along
with fellow painter Juan Luna in the 19th century
• His work has a touch of Romanticism and Art Deco in
aesthetics of the Neoclassicism Architecture
Chrysler
Two Filipino Art Styles developed during the
Building
Spanish Period
• Miniaturismo art style that pays attention
to the embroidery and texture of the costume.
• Letras y Figuras art style that fuses letters
with figures in every day activity amidst a common
Art Deco in Philippine
background. Usually used in painting a patron’s full
Architecture
name.
Metropolitan Theater
American Colonial Period (1898-1946)
The Filipino Artist starts looking for His identity
Watawat ng Pilipinas
Fernando Amorsolo
American Colonial Period (1898-1946)
• The American brought in Education and Value
Formation, with both following the “American way
of life” (Alice Guillermo, Sining Biswal, 1994, p. 4)
• Art Illustration, Advertising and Commercial
Design gained popularity and incorporated in
Fine Arts.
• Painting themes still largely favored Genre
Paintings, Landscapes and Still Life; Portraits are Art Nouveau in Architecture
reserved for high ranking officials with a more Old England building built in
academic approach to make the subject more Art Nouveau style. Musée des
formal. instruments de musique -
Bruxelles
Popular Art Styles during the Philippine Colonial
American Period
Neoclassicism in
Architecture
The White House Art Nouveau in
Philippine
Architecture • First awardee of the National Artist Award
Uy-Chaco in 1972
Building
Guillermo Tolentino
• the National Artist Awards for Sculpture in 1973.
ART NOUVEAU
• He is consider as the "Father of Philippine Arts"
a style of decorative art, architecture, and design because of his great works like the famous
prominent in western Europe and the US from "Bonifacio Monument" symbolizing Filipinos cry
about 1890 until World War I and characterized by for freedom and "The Oblation" in UP signifying
intricate linear designs and flowing curves based on academic freedom
natural forms.
Emergence of Philippine Pre-Modern Art:
also called style moderne, movement in the Triumvirate of Philippine Modern Art
decorative arts and architecture that originated in
• Victorio Edades
the 1920s and developed into a major style in
western Europe and the United States during the • Carlos “Botong” Francisco
1930s. It characterized by simple, clean shapes, • Galo B. Ocampo Introduced the Modern Art
often with a “streamlined” look; ornament that is styles such as pop art, maximalism, minimalism,
geometric or stylized from representational forms; abstraction, expressionism, constructivism, magic
and unusually varied, often expensive materials, realism, and environmental art before the World
War II
The Legend of the Thirteen Modern
Victorio Edades
Carlos Francisco Galo
B. Ocampo
Hernando R. Ocampo

Notable Artist: Fabian Dela Rosa Cesar Legaspi

Diosdado Lorenzo
• the brightest name in Philippine painting
after Luna and certainly the leading Master of Vicente Manansala
Genre in the first quarter of the century.
Anita Magsaysay-Ho
• His nephews are artist, Pablo and Fernando
Demetrio Diego
Amorso
Ricarte Purugunan
Notable Artist: Fernando Amorsolo
Bonifacio Cristobal
• a portraitist and painter of rural landscapes.
He is best known for his craftsmanship and mastery Arsenio Capili
in the use of light.
Jose Prado
• His art styles: Impressionism, Luminism,
POST-COLONIAL ART (1946-1986) Art after
Realism with subjects inspired by Philippine genre
the war: The Growing and Expanding
and historical, nudes and society portraits
Philippine Art
Maria Makiling MODERN ART AESTHETICS
Botong Francisco Modern art is characterized by the artist's intent to
portray a subject as it exists in the world, according
POST-COLONIAL PERIOD (1946-1986)
to his or her unique perspective and is typified by a
COLONIAL PERIOD (1986-PRESENT) rejection of accepted or traditional styles and
values.
• Philippine Modern Art (1946 – 1970)
POST MODERN ART AESTHETICS
The study of determining what is Philippine
Contemporary Art Period is still being determined • Postmodern art is a body of art movements
since the word has been used loosely used even that sought to contradict some aspects of
during the American Colonial Period. However, modernism or some aspects that emerged or
some Philippine art historians/critics has always developed in its aftermath.
been a follower of the Western Art Style and its
• In general, movements such as intermedia,
trends at that point and thus, suggested that this
installation art, conceptual art and multimedia,
was actually the point where Philippine Modern
particularly involving video are described as
Art Period started but went only full swing only
postmodern.
after the war. This is set by the creation of the Art
Association of the Philippines (AAP) that in a way Contemporary Art Characteristics
has a strong leaning with the Modernist than the
• Contemporary art as the work of artists
Conservatives (the traditional art also termed as
who are living in the 21st century.
the Amorsolo School)
• Contemporary art mirrors contemporary
• Philippine Post Modern Art (1970 – 1980s)
culture and society, offering the general audiences
The support of the Philippine Government for the a rich resource through which to consider current
arts via the creation of the Cultural Center of the ideas and rethink the familiar.
Philippines during 1969, gave a venue for all artist
• The work of contemporary artists is a
to experiment and explore different art medium
dynamic combination of materials, methods,
tying closely to the Post Modern Art Period of the
concepts, and subjects that challenges traditional
West with Pop Art, Installation Art, Performance
boundaries and defies easy definition.
Art, dominating the scene. In contrast, social
realism became a heavy theme by most Filipino • Diverse and eclectic, contemporary art is
Artist as a social commentary of the problem distinguished by the very lack of a uniform
brewing in the Philippine political and social organizing principle, ideology, or - ism.
landscape.
• Philippine Contemporary Art (1980s to Present)
It was on the on-set of the sudden rise of personal
computers and new technology created a new art
medium for the arts and human expression. But
there were also countless revivals of old styles
being done. This started a new direction for the
arts thus, setting the name, momentarily, the "Our Terms" 2003, installation dimensions variable.
Philippine Contemporary Period Picture credit: Imelda Cajipe Endaya
• In a globally influenced, culturally diverse, contributing his or her personal reflections,
and technologically advancing world, experiences, opinions, and
contemporary artists give voice to the varied and
Lord of the Flies #3 3D Printing, Plastic Toys, and
changing cultural landscape of identity, values, and
Paint 20.5 cm x 23 cm x 14 cm Felix Bacolor
beliefs.
• Contemporary audiences play an active role
in the process of constructing meaning about
works of art. Some artists often say that the viewer
NEW TERM… ALTERMODERNISM
contributes to or even completes the artwork by
• An attempt at contextualizing art made in today's global
context as a reaction against standardization and
commercialism.
A girl
• Artists are looking for a new modernity that
would be based on translation: What matters Ron Mueck
today is to translate the cultural values of cultural groups
and to connect them to the world network. This “reloading
process” of modernism according to the twenty-first-
century issues could be called altermodernism, a
movement connected to the creolisation of cultures and
the fight for autonomy, but also the possibility of
producing singularities in a more and more standardized
world.
• Altermodern can essentially be read as an artist working in a
hypermodern world or with supermodern ideas or themes.
Altermodernism
The title of the Tate Britain's fourth Triennial exhibition last
2009 curated by Nicolas Bourriaud
The Tate exhibition includes a series of four oneday events
(called "Prologues"), aiming to "introduce and provoke
debate" around the Triennial’s themes.
Each Prologue includes lectures, performances, film and a
manifesto text and attempts to define
what the curator sees as the four main facets of Altermodern
1. The end of postmodernism
2. Cultural hybridization
3. Travelling as a new way to produce forms[clarification needed]
4. The expanding formats of art
 Hyperealism Painting By Julmard
Vincente