International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 5 Issue 4, May-June 2021 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Floristic Investigation and Soil Analysis of Thirtharampura

Reserve Forest, Chikkanayakanahalli, Karnataka, India
Yatheesharadhya B*1, Meena H. R2, Sushma G. C2, Poornima M. C2, Shashank A. S3
*1Research Scholar of Botany, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
2Department of Studies and Research in Botany, Tumkur University, Tumkur, Karnataka, India

3Research Scholar of Zoology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Yatheesharadhya

The present study is on floristic investigation and soil analysis of B | Meena H. R | Sushma G. C | Poornima
Thirtharampura reserve forest, Tumkur district, Karnataka, India. It is the dry M. C | Shashank A. S "Floristic
deciduous type of forest contains a rich diversity of angiosperms, here we Investigation and Soil Analysis of
found a total of 126 taxa of 99 genera under the 41 families from this forest. Thirtharampura Reserve Forest,
Fabaceae (15 genera and 24 species) was the dominant family followed by the Chikkanayakanahalli, Karnataka, India"
Rubiaceae (8 genera, 9 species), Asteraceae (7 genera, 7 species), Rutaceae (5 Published in
genera, 5 species), Malvaceae (4 genera, 5 species) and Moraceae (2 genera, 6 International Journal
species) with the medicinal, timber yielding, ornamental and wild edible plant of Trend in Scientific
species. The forest is majorly covered by tree species with 60% come after Research and
shrubs (21%), herbs (10%), and climbers (9%). Some important medicinal Development
plant species like Erythroxylummonogynum, Hemidesmus indicus, (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
Rhinacanthusnasutus, Azadirachta indica, croton bonplandianus, 6470, Volume-5 | IJTSRD41221
Diosporusmontana, Echinopsechinatus, Emblica Officinalis, were often these Issue-4, June 2021,
medicinal plants used for the treatment of pain, wounds, cuts, and fractures, pp.263-269, URL:
etc. by the native peoples. The forest soil contains low content of nitrogen www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd41221.pdf
along with sulphur and copper but it has high content of Iron and Manganese
nutrients. The forest was disturbed by firing, mining activities, and human Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and
activities. Only the tree species were withstanding against the firing activity, International Journal of Trend in Scientific
herbaceous species were lost along with new sprouting species due to firing Research and Development Journal. This
activity in the forest. The Fabaceae species were more survive in this forest, is an Open Access article distributed
because of nitrogen-fixing capacity in their root system. under the terms of
the Creative
KEYWORDS: Floristic, Angiosperms, Habits, Fabaceae, Soil analysis, Nitrogen Commons Attribution
License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

INTRODUCTION
Thirtharampura reserve forest [TRF] is famous in the name and Sulphur elements for plant growing and fertility [6] The
called Madalingana Kanive, and it is a long chain row of hills. availability of nitrogen and phosphorus was low in the
The dry deciduous type of forest is sheltered to some of Tumkur region along with the deficiency of boron and zinc
medicinal, timber-yielding, wild edible, ornamental plant but sufficient content of Fe, Cu, and Mn micronutrients [7].
species in terms of herbs, shrubs, climbers, and trees. Every
The Geological survey reported the Iron and Manganese ores
biogeographic region of India contains 50% of ethno
were abundant along with the limestone including bauxite
medicinal plants used by the local peoples and a few of them
and Gneiss ores were present in the land of Thirtharampura
are used by doctors, scientists, and practitioners [1]. Few,
reserve forest, so the region is called as mineral wasp [8].
important medicinal plant species like
The mining activities have altered the structure and function
Erythroxylummonogynum, Hemidesmus indicus, Azadirachta
of forest flora, which leads to being the destruction of the
indica, Bauhinia purpuria, Pongamia pinnata, Tamarandus
forest. For the last decades, the forest was protected under
indica, Emblica Officinalis, Aegle marmelos, Santalum album,
the government. Till now, the Thirtharampura forest
Solanum xanthocarpum, Tylophora indica, Mimosa pudica,
suffered from forest firing, which will affect the introduction
Euphorbia hirta, Achyranthes aspera, etc. [2]were found in
of a new species and loss the herbaceous plants.
this ecosystem. This floristic study helps to know the plant
species and to create awareness among medicinal plants and This forest has abundant plant biodiversity and vegetation
its conservation strategy of the study area [3]. Due to human but it remains unknown to the peoples. Due to some forest
activities, urbanization, industrialization, construction firing, human activities, and mining activities of
activity, forest fire, grazing were reasons for the destruction Thirtharampura reserve forest lost its plant resource. There
of the forests [4]. Additionally, climate change, global were no much earlier research works of this area, therefore,
warming, and biodiversity losses were also causing a serious the present study assesses the floristic composition,
impact on the environment [5]. diversity of vegetation, and soil analysis of the
Thirtharampura reserve forest.
Soil is one of the important factors for the availability of
nutrients, especially the nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium,

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Methodology: identified by a taxonomist, cross-check with flora and with
Study area: digital JCB Herbarium[12, 13, 14, 15]. The Prepared
The present study was conducted in the regions (Forest herbarium was preserved in the Department of studies and
nursery, Madalinga hill, and Gini vajra) of TRF. The forest research in Botany, Tumkur University for future reference.
was reserved around 3447. 35 hectares, and located at 13°
Soil analysis:
18' latitude and 76° 47' longitude, with 2596 feet height
The soil sample was collected by the central and foot part of
above the sea level. The highest temperature is recorded as
the forest hills. The surface was cleaned and drive the auger
28. 4 °C inApril, and the lowest temperature occurs in
at 15cm depth into the soil, the 10-15 samples were
December at 21. 6 °C. The average annual rainfall is 581mm
collected in a zig-zag manner. All the samples were mixed
/ 22. 9 inches [9, 11] has been reported.
well and removed the unwanted materials like stones, roots,
Floristic investigation: pebbles, and gravels. The mixed sample should be reduced
The floristic study was conducted during 2020-21 in the 3 inusing the quartering method. The quartering should be
different sites of TRF (Forest nursery, Madalinga hill, and made by 4 equal parts and removed from the opposite
Gini vajra). During the survey, the identified species were quarters. This procedure was repeated for obtaining desired
recorded, photographed, and collected. The identified sample size. Finally, got the pure and fine powdered form
species were dried with pressed and after pasted on the soil carried through the clean polythene bag [16]. The soil
herbarium sheets. The field data concerned with a local analysis was done bythe agriculture research centre of ICAR-
name, habit, morphological characters, colour, floral parts Krishi Vignana Kendra (KVK), Hirehalli, Tumkur.
were recorded during the field study. The plant species were
Result:
Floristic study:
The study exploreda total of 126 plant species belonging to 99 genera and 41 families grouped under the Angiosperm of
Thirtharampura reserve forest. The enlisted floristic data along with their botanical name, habit, common name, vernacular
name, and family.
Table 1: The representation of enlisted plants data as Botanical name, Habit, Common name, Vernacular name
and family.
SL VERNACULAR
BOTONICALNAME HABIT COMMONNAME FAMILY
NO NAME
1 Acacia concinna (Wilid.) DC. T Soap pod Seegekayi Fabaceae
2 Acacia catechu (L. f.) Willd. T Senegalia catechu Kaggali Fabaceae
3 Acaciachundra (Rottler)Willd. T Red cutch Taredu Fabaceae
4 Acacia leucophloea L. T Vachellialeucophloea Bilijaali Fabaceae
5 Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. T Australian black wood Jaali Fabaceae
6 Acacia nilotica (L.) DELILE T Gum arabic tree Kari jali Fabaceae
7 Acacia planifrons Wright &Arn. T Umbrella thrn Odejali Fabaceae
8 Achyranthus aspera L. H Chaff- flower uttarani Amaranthaceae
9 Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa T Beli fruit Bilvapatre Rutaceae
10 Agave americana (L. ) S Century plant anekattale Asparagaceae
11 Ailanthus excelsaRoxb. T Heaven tree Hebbevu Simaroubaceae
12 Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boiv. T Oil cake tree Chigare Mymosaceae
13 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. T Women’s tongue Baage Mymosaceae
14 Anacardium occidentalum L. T Cashew Godanbi, geru Anacardiacae
Andrographis serpyllifolia (Rottler
15 H Creeping creat Kasinasaradagida Acanthaceae
ex vahl) Weight
Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. Ex DC.)
16 T Avle wood tree Dindiga Combretaceae
Wall.
17 Aristida congestaRoem. &Schult. H Broom grass Porkehullu Poaceae
18 Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. T Jack fruit Halasu Moraceae
19 Azadirachta indica A. Juss. T Neem Bevu Meliaceae
20 Baswellia serrata Triana& Planch T Indian oli-banum Guggula mara Burseraceae
21 Bauhinia purpurea L. T Purple bauhina Devakanchan Fabaceae
22 Borreria articularisL. f H Madanaganthi Madanagante Rubiaceae
Buchananiaaxillaris(Desr)TP
23 T Cuddapahalmand Maradi Anacardaceae
Ramamoorty
24 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub T Flame of forest tree Muttuga Fabaceae
25 Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) houars H Showy pigeon pea Bankulli Fabaceae
26 Calatropisgigantia (L.) Dryand S Crown flower Ekkadagida Apocyanaceae
27 Calophylluminophyllum L. T Indian lourel Honne Clusiaceae
Canthiumcoromandelicum (Burma
28 H coromondelcanthium Kaaremullu Rubiaceae
f. )
Capparis grandiflora Hook &
29 S Large-petal caper Dudupi Capparaceae
Thomson

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30 Cassia auriculata L. S Matura tea tree Tangadi Fabaceae
31 Cassia fistula L. T golden shower tree Kakke Fabaceae
32 Cassinegluca (Rottb). Kuntze T Ceylanteak Mookarki Celastraceae
33 Chloris virgata SW. H Feather finger grass Gudihullu Poaceae
34 Chloroxylon swietenia DC. T East indian satin wood Bittula Rutaceae
Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M.
35 S Siam weed Kamyunistsasya Asteraceae
King&H. Rob
36 Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W. Theob. C Broom creeper Daagadiballi Menispermaceae
37 Crotalaria pallida H American crotalaria Gijigijigida Fabaceae
38 Croton bonplandianus L. S Ban tulsi Alpha bedisoppu Euphorbiaceae
39 Cymbopogon coloratusStapf H Lemmon grass bade hullu Poaceae
40 Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. T East indian rose wood Beete mara Fabaceae
41 Dalbergia paniculataRoxb. T Dhobin, Phansi Pachali Fabaceae
42 Dalbergia sisso DC. T Indian rose wood Beete Fabaceae
43 Delonix regia (Hok.) Raf T Royal poinciana Gantigehoovu Fabaceae
Dendrocalamusstrictus (Roxb.)
44 Male bamboo Gandubidiru Poaceae
Nees
45 Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. T Black ebony Abanasi Abinaceae
46 Diospyros montanaRoxb. T Bombay ebony Jagalaganti Abinaceae
47 Dodonaeaviscosa (L.) Jacq S Hop bush Bandarike Sapindaceae
48 EchinopsechinatusRoxb. H Indian globe thistle Brahmadanda Asteraceae
49 Emblica officinalis L. T Indian gooseberry Amla Phyllanthaceae
Endostemonviscosus(Roth)M. R.
50 S Sticky wild Basil Kaadutulasi Lamiaceae
Ashby
51 Erigeron canadensis L. H Canadian horse weed Jarayupriya Asteraceae
52 ErythroxylummonogynumRoxb. T Bastard sandal Natkadeodar Erythroxylaceae
53 Eucalyptus obliquaL. Her T Messmate stringy bark Neelagiri Myrtaceae
54 Euphorbia antiquorum L. S Malayan spurge tree Mandukalli Euphorbiaceae
55 Euphorbia hirta L. H Asthama plant Akkigida Euphorbiaceae
56 Euphorbia nivuliaBuch. Ham S Holy milk hedge Dubbakalli Euphorbiaceae
57 Evolvulusalsinoides Linn. H Dwarf morning glorry Vishnykranthi Convolvulaceae
58 Ficus bengalensis L. T Banyan tree Alada mara Moraceae
59 Ficus drupaceaThunb. T Mysore fig Gooni mara Moraceae
60 Ficus racemosa L. T Cluster fig Rumadi Moraceae
61 Ficus religiosa L. T Peepal tree Aralimara Moraceae
62 Ficus virens Aiton T White fig Basari mara Moraceae
63 Gardenia gummiforaL. f T Gardenia gummy KaaduBikke Rubiaceae
64 Gardenia latifolia Ait. T Indian box wood Kalkambi Rubiaceae
Gliricidiasepium (Jacq). Kunth ex
65 T Mother of Cocoa Gobbarada mara Fabaceae
Walp
66 Grewia asiatica L. S /T Phalsa Phalsa Malvaceae
67 Gymnemasylvestre R. Br C Sugar killer vine Madhunashini Apocyanaceae
Gymnosporiaemarginata (Wild.)
68 T Thorny stoff tree Thandrasa Celastraceae
Thw.
69 HardwickiabinnataRoxb. T Anjan Kamara Fabaceae
70 Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br H Indian sarsaparilla Sogade Apocyanaceae
Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)
71 T Jungle cork tree Tapsi Ulmaceae
Planch
72 Hyptissuaveolens (L.) Kuntze H American mint Natitulasi Lamiaceae
Small white morning
73 Ipomea obscura (L.) Ker GwaL H Mugutiballi Convolvulaceae
glory
74 Ixora pavettaAndr. T Torch wood tree Goravi Rubiaceae
75 Jasminum auriculatumVahl. C Needle flower jasmine Kaadumallige Oleaceae
76 Jasminum rottelerianum Wall. H White bracted jasmine vaaramallige Oleceae
77 Lantana camera L. S West indianlantena Kakke Verbinaceae
78 Lepidaghathis cristata Willd H Crested lepidagathis Surya kantha Acanthaceae
79 Leucas aspera Willd. H Leucas Tumbegida Lamiaceae
80 Limoniaacidissima L. T Wood-apple Belvatte mara Rutaceae
81 Mangifera indica L T Mango tree Mavu Anacardaceae

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82 Mimosa pudica L. H Touch me not Muttidare muni Fabaceae
83 Mitracarpushirtus (L. ) H Tropical girdlepod Channagundi Rubiaceae
84 Morinda tinctoria Roxb. T Indian malberry Tagate mara Rubiaceae
85 Muntangiacalabura L T Jam tree gasagase Muntingiaceae
86 NaringicrenulataRoxb. T Elephant nettle Kadu bilvapatre Rutaceae
87 Oldenlandiaumbellata L. H/C Chay root Chaya beru Rubiaceae
88 Opuntia dillenii Haw. H Australian pest pear papaskalli Cactaceae
89 Parthenium hysterophorus L. H Carrot grass Congress gida Asteraceae
Fragrant swamp
90 Pavonia odorata Willd. H Balarakshigida Malvaceae
mallow
91 Pavoniazeylanica L. S Ceylan swamp mallow Anntutogari Malvaceae
92 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. T Dolo sugar palm Echalu Arecaeae
93 Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. S Black honey shrub Kari huli Phyllanthaceae
94 Phyllanthus virgatus G. Forst H Seed under leaf Kaadunelli Phyllanthaceae
95 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Panigra hi T Indian beech Honge mara Fabaceae
96 Prosopis juliflora (SW.) DC T Mesquite Ballarijali Mimosaceae
97 Pterocarpus marsupium Roxbergh T Indian kino tree Sura honne Fabaceae
98 Rhinocanthusnasutus (L.) Kurz S Snake jasmine Naga mallige Acanthaceae
99 Santalum album L. T Indian sandal wood Chandana Santalaceae
100 SapindusemarginatusVahl. T Notched leaf soap nut Kudalekaye Sapindaceae
101 Scutiamyrtina (Burm. f.) Kurz S Cot thorn droog Kurudi Rhamnaceae
Dipterocarpacea
102 Shroea roxburghiiG. Don T Talura lac tree Jaalari
e
103 Sida acuta Burm. f. H Wire weed Vishakaddi Malvaceae
104 solanum incanum L. H Thorn apple Gullabadane Solanaceae
105 Solanum nigram L. H Black night shade Kaki hannusoppu Solanaceae
Solanum xanthocarpumSchrad.
106 H Febrifuge plant Kantakaari Solanaceae
&H. Wendl.
107 Stachytarpeta indica (L.) Vahl H Indian snake weed Kariyuttrani Verbinaceae
108 Strychnospotatorum (L. ) T Clearing nut tree Kathaka Loganiaceae
109 Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels T Malabar palm Neerale Myrtaceae
110 Tamarindus indicus L. T Tamarind Hunuse Fabaceae
111 Tarenna asiatica (L. ) S Asiatic tarenna Kumngida Rubiaceae
112 Tectona grandis L. f. T Teak Teega Verbinaceae
113 Tephrosia purpurea L. T Wild indigo Kaggili Fabaceae
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight
114 T Arjun tree Toorematti Combretaceae
&Arn.
115 Terminalia alata Heyne ex Roth T Terminalia ellipta Matti Combretaceae
Terminalia bellarica (Gaertn.
116 T Bellaricmyrobalan Taare Combretaceae
)Roxb.
117 Terminalia catappa L. T Indian almand Kaadubadami Combretaceae
118 Terminalia chebula Retz. T Chebulic myrobalan Alale Combretaceae
Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. Ex Portia tree, pacific rose
119 T Buguri mara Malvaceae
Correa wood
120 Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. C Forest peppar Doddakaadumenasu Rutaceae
Trichodesmazeylanicum (Burm. f.)
121 H/S Camel bush Ethinanaaligegida Boraginaceae
R. Br.
122 Tridax procumbens L. H Coat buttons Javanthi Asteraceae
Vomiting swallow
123 Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr. C Adumuttadagida Apocyanaceae
wort
124 Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. H Dandotapala Kaaduhogesoppu Asteraceae
125 Vicoa indica (L.) DC. H Golden daisy Moogatisoppu Asteraceae
126 Viscum articulatumBurm. f. C Leafless mistletoe Badanike Santalaceae
*Habit: H= herb, S= shrub, T= tree and C= climber
Soil analysis:
The forest soil was containing a 6. 6 PH with 0. 21 electrical conductivity, and with low organic carbon content. The micro and
macronutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, Sulphur, iron, manganese, zinc, and copper were
found in the TRF soil.

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Table 13: - Soil analysis of the forest.
Soil health information Units Observed Critical limit Remarks
1. Soil pH (1:2) 6. 6 6. 50-7. 50 safe
2. Electrical conductivity (dSm-1) 0. 21 <1. 00 Safe
3. Organic carbon (%) 0. 7 0. 75-1. 00 Low
Major nutrients
4. Available nitrogen Kg/Ha 253. 1 230-560 Low
5. Available phosphorus Kg/Ha 25. 7 22. 5-55 Safe
6. Available potassium Kg/Ha 224 125-336 Safe
Secondary nutrients
7. Available calcium (ppm) 1210 800-1500 Safe
8. Available magnesium (ppm) 215 150-250 Safe
9. Available sulphur (ppm) 5 10─15 Low
Trace nutrients
10. Available iron (ppm) 13. 5 5─10 High
11. Available manganese (ppm) 9 3─8 High
12. Available zinc (ppm) 0. 9 0. 75-1. 00 Safe
13. Available copper (ppm) 0. 2 0. 50-1. 00 Low
*ppm- parts per million, kg- killogram, Ha-hectares
Discussion:
TRF is one of the reserve forests in Karnataka state with a rich repository to native and endemic species of 126 plant species
belonging to 99 genera and 41 families in terms of trees (60%) followed by shrubs, (21%), herbs (10%), and climbers (9%).
The tree species were major with a height of 25 feet and were not much more than that, except for some species like Acacia
chundra, Eucalyptus obliqua, Shorearoxburghii, Syzygium cumini, Albezialebbackweredistributed throughout the forest. The TRF
was dominated bythe Fabaceae (15 genera and 24 species) family come after the Rubiaceae (8 genera, 9 species), Asteraceae (7
genera, 7 species) Rutaceae (5 genera, 5 species) Malvaceae (4 genera, 5 species) and Moraceae (2 genera, 6 species). The
forest contains medicinal plants (Erythroxylummonogynum, Hemidesmus indicus, Rhinacanthusnasutus, Azardirachta indica,
croton bonplandianus, Diosporusmontana, Echinopsechinatus, andEmblica offcinalis), wild edible plants (Solanum nigrum,
Terminaliachebula, Anacardium occidentale, Tamarindus indica, Canthiumcoromondelicum), timber yielding plants (Acacia
chundra, Acacia nilotica, Albezialebback, Ailanthus excels, Dalbergia latifolia, Hardwickiabinnata, Santalum album, Tectona
grandis, Terminalia alata), ornamental plants (Shroea roxburghii, Jasminiumauriculatum, Delonix regia) were distributed
throughout the forest and sheltered to fauna like the cheetah, bear, peacock, wolf, Kangaroo, etc.

Figure 1: Showing habit of species distribution percentage in TRF

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Figure 2: Showing families with their genera and species number in the TRF
A few decades ago, surrounding peoples were cutdown the trees like Jane, Pachali, Maradi, Tupra, Muttuga, Teak, Beete, Honne,
and Jalaryfor timber purposes[10]. The ornamentally used plants such as Jasminum auriculatum and Shroea roxburghii were
found in the foothills of the forest. Now the forest was protected by the government. According to the survey of villagers, the
above-mentioned medicinal plant species were used for the treatment of pain, wounds, cuts, and fractures, etc. The forest was
utmost with tree and shrub-like species because of forest facing a problem with firing during every summer. Due to this, the
herbaceous species were destroyed by burning along with the new sprouting species. This study was conducted in 3 different
sites of the forest, there were no different species found over the forest. A few years ago, the forest flora was disturbed by the
mining activities, now it was stopped but the mining area should look barren. This forest facing so many problems to conserve
itself by the human activities like grazing, cutting, mining activities, and forest firing.
Soil is the main component to the availability of nutrients and minerals for the growth of the plant. The Nitrogen, Phosphorous,
Potassium is the primary component for growing and the plant absorbs nitrogen than any other nutrient [6]. The nitrogen,
Sulphur, and copper contents were very low but iron and manganese were very high in this region. The forest was rich with
Leguminosae (Fabaceae) species because of the nitrogen-fixing capacity in their root system with the help of rhizobia bacteria.
These species were also allowed to improve the soil [17]. The rhizobia bacteria have the special ability to fixing the nitrogen
from the atmosphere, converting the molecular nitrogen (N2) into ammonium (NH4+) form usable by plants [18].
Fabaceaespecies were more survive compared with others in the soil.
Conclusion: Reference:
The dry deciduous type of TRF was a rich number of [1] Sunit Singh, Floristic Diversity of India An Overview,
angiosperms with 126 taxa with 99 genera and 41 families in International Journal of Biological Research and
terms of herbs, shrubs, climbers, and trees of medicinal, Development 10(2): 25-34, 2020.
timber yielding, ornamental and wild edible species. The
[2] Lavanya R andPattar Pramod V, Traditional
Fabaceae (15 genera of 24 species) was dominant family
knowledge on folk medicine by rural women in
along with Rubiaceae (8 genera, 9 species), Asteraceae (7
Chikkanayakanahalli Taluk, Tumkur district,
genera, 7 species), Rutaceae (5 genera, 5 species), Malvaceae
Karnataka, International Journal of Herbal Medicine,
(4 genera, 5 species) and Moraceae (2 genera, 6 species). The
5(2): 5-10, 2017.
forest soilcontains less nitrogen due to this Fabaceae species
were abundant in this region because of nitrogen fixation [3] Pradhan, Anuradha, Subudhi, H. N, Kullu, Bandana, A
capacity in their root system. The high content iron and preliminary floristic survey of Baisipalli wildlife
manganese minerals were attracting the mining activities. sanctuary, Odisha, India, Flora and Fauna, 26(2): 231-
Therefore, this forest needs to conservation strategy from 242, 2020.
the firing, mining activities, and human activities.
[4] Dar, Muzfar Hussain, Floristic diversity at Hamedia
Acknowledgement: College Campus of Bhopal, Madhya, Our Heritage,
The authors are thankful to Dr. M. Sampath Kumar, 67(5): 520-528, 2019.
taxonomist, Davangere University, for identifying the plant
[5] Darro, Harischandra, Swamy, S. L, Thakur, Tarun
species. The authors say sincere thanks to Mr Sunil Kumar
Kumar, Mishra, Alka, Floristic Composition, Structure,
range forest officer, department of forest
Diversity and Conservation Strategies for
Chikkanayakanahalli division, and also thankful to forest
Rehabilitation of Dry Tropical Forests in Buffer Zone
guide and guards of Thirtharampura reserve forest. We are
of AchanakmaarAmarkantak Biosphere Reserve
also thanks to Krishi Vignana Kendra (KVK) Hirehalli,
(AABR), India, International Journal of Current
Tumkur, for helping us to analyse the soil health analysis of
Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 9(4): 650-663,
the forest.
2020.

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Oyarzúa, Pía, Zagal, Erick, GerdingJaviera, Fischer, Devarayana Durga state forest, Karnataka forest
Susana, Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria able to department, Tumkur 1998.
improve NPK availability: Selection, identification
[14] Shiddamallayya, N, Rao, R V, Doddamani, S H,
effects on tomato growth, 79(3): 473-485, 2019.
Venkateshwarlu G, A glimpse on forest flora and
[7] Basavaraja, PK, Dey, Pradip, Geo-Reference Based Soil Indian system of medicine plants of Chitra Durga
Fertility Status in Tumkur District of Karnataka, Geo- district, Karnataka, International Journal of Herbal
Reference Based Soil Fertility Status in Tumkur Medicine, 4(1): 25-33, 2016.
District of Karnataka, India, Environment & Ecology
[15] V. Bhaskar and C. G Kushalappa, Siddarabetta in
34 (4): 2120—2128, 2016.
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD41221 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2021 Page 269