International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 5 Issue 4, May-June 2021 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Development of Neuro-Fuzzy Based

Temperature Control for Egg Hatchery
Elisha Adeleke Joseph, Henry Sunday Okeke, Michael A. Taiwo
Electrical Engineering Department, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Elisha Adeleke

Neuro-fuzzy have been successfully applied to extract knowledge from data in Joseph | Henry Sunday Okeke | Michael A.
the form of fuzzy rules. This project describes the development of Adaptive Taiwo "Development of Neuro-Fuzzy
Neuro-fuzzy system applied to the temperature variable of a thermal system Based Temperature Control for Egg
with a range of 35 to 40°C for Egg Hatchery control. The system developed Hatchery" Published
was based on heat transfer based on the principle of radiation to actualize the in International
system. The generation of membership function is a challenging problem for Journal of Trend in
fuzzy systems and the response of fuzzy systems depends mainly on the Scientific Research
membership functions. The ANFIS based input-output model is used to tune and Development
the membership functions in neuro-fuzzy system. Experimental results were (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
determiner. Processing the membership function the ANFIS was trained, 6470, Volume-5 | IJTSRD41215
tested and validated. The neuro-fuzzy controller used the neural network Issue-4, June 2021,
learning techniques to tune the membership functions while keeping the pp.598-601, URL:
semantics of the fuzzy logic controller intact. Both the architecture and the www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd41215.pdf
learning algorithm are presented for a general neuro-fuzzy controller. In
conclusion, a resulting effective system temperature control with energy Copyright © 2021 by author (s) and
conservation up to 100 eggs was achieved. The developed system finds International Journal of Trend in Scientific
application in egg incubation system industry. Research and Development Journal. This
is an Open Access article distributed
KEYWORDS: Neuro-fuzzy, Egg Hatchery, Heat Transfer, Membership Function, under the terms of
Incubation System Industry the Creative
Commons Attribution
License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

INTRODUCTION
An incubator is the management of fertilized eggs to ensure determined by thermosensors; air relative humidity and egg
satisfactory development of the embryo into a normal chick. water loss determined by egg tray weight using weight
[1]. In the last few years, egg incubation systems have sensors; and air quality (O2 and CO2 levels). However, as
experienced a technological, economic, and social revolution. already pointed out by [2], despite the technological
Remarkable technological and scientific developments advances of the modern incubation machines, the success of
allowed the transition from manual incubation to large incubation still depends on the quality of labor both inside
incubation machines and hatcheries, which incubate a much and outside the hatcheries, which requires training.
greater number of eggs using less labor, increasing chick
Nigeria population is growing at an alarming rate and so is
production throughout the year. On the other hand, this
the demand for white meat, a mastery of protein especially
incubation revolution generated costs related to the
in all nook and crannies. Poultry is a good source of protein if
construction of more sophisticated facilities, as well as
it is affordable. The production level is limited with natural
operational costs, such as energy and water expenses to
and the present artificial incubation system because the
maintain adequate incubation conditions. It also influenced
number of eggs an adult female bird lays in a year vary from
social relations, creating two classes: producers and
none to 365 or one per day [3]. But a broody hen (a hen that
consumers.
wants to set and hatch eggs and raise the chicks) can hatch
An incubator should be able to regulate factors, such as just about 10-12 eggs at once in 21 days [3]. This hatching
temperature and humidity, and to allow air renewal and egg method cannot hold this population unto its effectiveness. In
turning, providing the perfect environmental conditions for order to sustain this population level, a better method of
embryonic development, aiming at achieving high fast-hatching the eggs is required. For this reason, this
hatchability of healthy chicks, which is directly correlated research work comes in, to develop a neuro-fuzzy based
with the survival and performance of individual chicks in the temperature control for an effective hatching of the eggs in
field. Currently, incubators capable of incubating different order to match with the population on ground.
numbers of eggs of different species of birds are
Literature Review
commercially available, with more or less sophisticated
Artificial egg incubation principle was established
temperature, humidity, ventilation, and egg turning control
centuries ago. At that time, heat, moisture and air renewal
systems. Modern state of the art commercial hatcheries are
of the incubation environment, well as the egg turning,
provided with automatic systems controlling all the physical
were already taken into consideration. Based in historical
factors of incubation: egg turning; environmental
records, [2]mentioned that, in ancient Egypt, eggs were
temperature set according to eggshell temperature

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
incubated in mud-brick buildings (an "incubation house")
divided in incubation chambers similar to ovens separated
by a central hallway and accessible through manholes. In
the upper part of the egg chambers, there were shelves for
burning, straw, dung, or charcoal to heat the eggs below.
Vents in the roof allowed the smoke from the fires to
escape and provided some light. In this primitive
incubation system, the temperature within the incubation
chambers was managed by controlling fire intensity and
opening the manholes, vents, and the hallway. Humidity
was controlled by placing moistened jute on eggs, which
were manually turned twice per day. Mechanical
incubating was not invented until the year of 1749 by
Reamur in Paris, France, and the first commercial Figure 1: The algorithm used
incubator was manufactured by Hearson in 1881.
The Research Input
[4]In their paper used the advantages of neuro-fuzzy network The following are the required input of the research that was
techniques to develop an intelligent control system for worked upon:
cement kiln process. The NFC was able to learn to control the
process by updating the fuzzy rules and membership Using 100w bulb as the heating device, with the following
functions. With a precise observation on the simulation data:
results of the controller, it can be said that using the Input Voltage: 220V
intelligent systems for learning the fuzzy networks definitely
improve the controller functionality. However, some practical Current: 0.45A
limitations and specifications should be considered for the Average weight of an Egg: 56.7g,
controller design.
Total number of eggs: 100 eggs
[5]Bolzanet’al (2008) in their study demonstrates the
possibility of the use of artificial intelligence in agribusiness, The output determination is:
specifically in broiler production. The representative and The Temperature: 35oC – 40oC (a maximum temperature of
predictive capacity of ANN was compared to the multiple 38.5oC was considered).
linear regression model. The results showed that the
proposed ANN methodology was more efficient to predict
The Transfer function:
φ /φ
2 1
= 1 /(120s + 1)
hatchability, as compared to the MLR statistical model.
[6]Put up a work based on the increased stability and Where
comfortable period of indoor temperature with the decreased φ 1 = temperature of eggs before they are placed in incubator
number and ratio of overshoots and undershoots of
temperature using Artificial Neural Network-based φ2 = temperature of incubator after heat has been
temperature control logic which was able to maintain the
indoor temperature more comfortably and with more transferred from the law of heat transfer: temperature rise is
stability within the operating range due to the predictive and proportional to heat added.
adaptive features of ANN models. In this work, the membership functions were configured as
Modeling Analysis shown in Figure 2
The algorithm for this work is as analyzed below and shown
in Figure 1, with inputs as Number of Eggs and Current, and
output as temperature.
The following algorithm was developed for this work:
1. Input determination and customization
2. Output determination and customization
3. Membership degree determination for both inputs and
outputs
4. Development of the rule base
5. Allocation of the rule strength
6. Rule combination
Simulation software
Matlab R2007a edition environment was used to carry out
this work.
Figure 2: Membership Function Plot
The membership function of the inputs as shown in Figure 2
is as analyzed below:
Input 1: current = (0.35 - 0.45) Amps
Input 2: No of eggs = (1-100)
Output temperature = (35 – 40)oC

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
Current = Very Low (VL), Low (L), Medium (M), High (H), input to each fuzzy set of the corresponding axis. Given an
Very High (VH) input index I, the transfer function of a neuron of such layer is
calculated..In this way function T was embodied in the
No of eggs = Very Small (VS), Small (S), Medium (M),
network architecture. It is noteworthy to observe that these
Moderate (MO), Very Moderate (VMO)
neurons are fixed, that is they do not have free parameters,
Output (Temperature) = Very Low (VL), Low (L), Moderate which are the basic components of T. in this way the
(MO), High (H), Very High (VH) understand ability of fuzzy rules is maintained.
The controller rule base, which was gotten from the Rules layer: The neurons of this layer compute the truth value
combination of the inputs and the output is as shown in of each rule by making use of transfer functions. The function
Figure 3. is implemented by the connections between the membership
layer and the rule layer. Full connection between the rule
layer and the membership layer is requested when grid
partition of the input space is adopted. The neurons of this
layer have no free parameters.
Output layers: This layer determines the system output via
weighted method.
Double-input, single-output dynamic system whose states at
any instant can be defined by “n” variables X1, X2,...,n was
considered. The control action that derives the system to a
desired state can be described by a well-known concept of
“IF-THEN” rules, where input variables are first transformed
into their respective linguistic variables, also called
fuzzification. Then, conjunction of these rules, called
Figure 3: The Rule Base of the Controller inferencing process, determines the linguistic value for the
output. This linguistic value of the output also called fuzzified
Table 1: The Controller Rule Base/Rule Combination output is then converted to a crisp value by using
Noof Eggs defuzzification scheme. All rules in this architecture are
VS S M MO VMO
Current evaluated in parallel to generate the final output fuzzy set,
VL VL L MO H VH which is then defuzzified to get the crisp output value.
L VL L MO H VH
The conjunction of fuzzified inputs is usually done by either
M VL L MO H VH
min or product operation (product operation was used) and
H VL L MO H VH
for generating the output max or sum operation is generally
VH VL L MO H VH
used. For defuzzification, The method of simplified reasoning
Controller Selection was employed, also known as modified center of area
Fuzzy Logic controller is selected as the actuator while method. For simplicity, triangular fuzzy sets was used for
Neuro-Fuzzy controller is selected as the network both input and output. The whole working and analysis of
architecture since the proposed Neuro-fuzzy network has a fuzzy controller is dependent on the following constraints,
suitable 5-layer feed-forward architecture (not fully fuzzification, defuzzification and the knowledge base of an
connected) as shown in Figure 4. The layers are as analyzed: Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), which gives a linear
approximation of most FLC implementations.
Result
The following results were gotten after simulation of the
model, using Matlab R2007a edition environment and whose
results were analyzed as shown in the Figures below.

Figure 4: Architecture of four rule fuzzy controller

Input layer: it simply spreads the input signals to the
membership layer’s neurons, jumping the second layer:
T-layer: the nodes of such layer are grouped in n blocks, each
corresponding to one input variable.
Membership Layer: Each neuron of this layer is connected
with an input neuron and a pair of consecutive neurons of the Figure 5: 3D Representation Showing the Relationship
T-Layer. These neurons compute membership values of each between the Inputs and the Output.

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
to conserve energy and maintaining it up till 100 eggs. The
graph also shows that the controller behaves like a
thermostat or thermocouple.
Conclusion
The modeling and designing of an egg incubator system that
is able to incubate various types of egg within the
temperature range of 35 – 400C was achieved. Adaptive
Network based Fussy Inference Systems (ANFIS) was used in
modeling and identification of numerous systems and
successful results have been achieved. The development of
the temperature control model was executed using Neuro-
fuzzy controller, which entails the combination of neural
network that predict the functionality of the egg hatchery
system and fuzzy logic that act as an actuator for the system.
Figure 6: The Curve Showing the Relationship between
Temperature and Current Recommendation
It is recommended that this controller should be applied to
egg hatchery operation for optimum performance.
Also recommended for quality product and mass production
of chicks which will meet the country (Nigeria) economic
demand.
References
[1] Oluyemi, Z. A. and Roberts, A., in Poultry Production In
Wet Climate, London, Macmillan Press, 1979, p. pp32.
[2] M. Paniago, "Artificial Incubation Of Poultry Eggs -
3,000 Years Of History, CEVA Sante Animale, ,,"
Semantic Scholar , no. 2, pp. 1-3, 2005.
[3] K. M. French, in Practical Poultry Revising, United
States Peak Corps Information Collection Exchange
Figure 7: The curve showing the relationship between Manual MOOH, 1981, pp. 12-21.
temperature and no of eggs [4] Fallahpour, M., Fatehi A, Araabi B. N, and Azizi M., "A
Discussion Neuro-Fuzzy Controller for Rotary Cement Kilns," in
Figure 5 shows the surface view of the three parameters. Proceeding of the 17th World Congress, the
These surface view show the relationship between the two International Federation of Automatic Control, Seoul,
inputs and the output for the neuro-fuzzy system. Korea, 2008.

Figure 6 shows that the controller picks up at 0.435A rising [5] Bolzan, A. C, Machado R. A. F, Piaia, J. C. Z. , "Egg
steadily and remains constant between 0.435A and 0.445A Hatchability Prediction By Multiple Linear Regression
before regulating the output temperature again. It shows that And Artificial Neural Networks," Brazilian Journal of
the controller behaves in that region like a thermostat or Poultry Science Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola,
thermocouple. It therefore conserves energy while vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 97-102, 2008.
maintaining the needed temperature. [6] Jin, W. M, Ji-Hyun, L and Sooyoung, K , "Evaluation of
Figure 7 indicates that the controller effectively increases Artificial Neural Network-Based Temperature Control
incubator temperature peaking between 85 eggs and 95 eggs for Optimum Operation of Building Envelopes,"
before regulating the output incubator temperature in order Energies, vol. 7, pp. 7245-7265, 2014.

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