Network Reconfiguration in Distribution System by Software Simulation

for Loss Reduction

1
SANJEEV KUMAR, 2MS. MANJU MAM, 3PROF. DR. D.K. JAIN

Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal (Sonipat), Haryana
Director National Power Training Institute, Faridabad (Minitry of Power), Govt. of India

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract— The main aim of the distribution companies is to reduce their operating costs to get ahead of competition.
One of the most popular approach is to increase the degree of reliability of distribution system. The management of network
defeats (e.g. earth fault, short circuits) offers a lot of feasibilities for automation. The main jobs are fault localization, fault
detachment and system refurbishing. The network manipulator needs excellent knowledge about the controlled network area
to accomplish these tasks efficiently. In this paper a fault management system is described which magnifies the reliability of
the system with the help of network reconfiguration. The fault localization, segregation and refurbishing allowance to
remedy the operator from these demanding tasks during network defeats. This paper present a CYMDIST based analysis for
the loss minimization problem. This method is tested in 11 KV distribution systems for loss minimization.
Index Terms— network reconfiguration, segregation, refurbishing, detachment.

B) To increase stability & enhance voltage

I. INTRODUCTION profile
C) To increase the reliability of network.
The inefficiency in operation of the distribution
networks is usually because of its complicated radial
configuration, fluctuating load demand and frequent II. PROBLEM CHARACTERIZATION &
occurrence of faults. The optimum and reliable FORMULATION
operation of distribution networks increase rewards
for distribution companies and satisfaction to
Electricity distribution is the final stage of
customer. A considerable fraction of losses in power
distribution of power to the end users. The
system is related to the electricity distribution distribution system carries electricity from the
network also because of low level of voltage. There transmission lines and delivers it to consumers. The
are different ways to reduce losses in distribution distribution network contains two levels of voltages,
system. Various methods necessitate the new medium level/primary distribution & low voltage
equipment installed within the system. The level/secondary distribution [1]. In secondary
installation of new equipment imposed financial distribution stage, sectionalizing switches are used
burden for distribution companies, and also new for various purposes like for protection, to isolate a
errors produce in the system due to perturbance in faulty section and to reconfigure the network. Feeder
their service. reconfiguration is performed by opening/closing two
One of the simple and cheap way of types of switches, tie and sectionalizing switches [2].
reducing losses in the distribution network is The 1st paper was developed in this field presented
reconfiguration/changing the status of the by Merlyn and Back [3], this paper presents a global
sectionalizing switching operation. By changing the optimality condition. This is the planning study, the
status of the sectionalizing switch, there is no need to objective is to minimize the cost of construction. This
invest capital and installed new equipment in the method was later modified by Shirmohammadi and
system. We can truncate the losses only by changing Hong [4] in this method the computational time is
the state of sectionalizing switches. There are various reduced by applying efficient load flow. Two
objectives for reconfiguration of distribution system different search algorithms are used for feeder
such as:- reconfiguration by Ross et al. [5] After that Civanlar
A) To reduce the losses et al. [6] derived a formula for the reduction of
losses, by altering the state of on/off switching

International Journal of Computer & Communication Technology (IJCCT) ISSN (ONLINE): 2231 - 0371 ISSN (PRINT): 0975 –7449 Vol-3, Iss-3, 2012

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 Network Reconfiguration in Distribution System by Software Simulation for Loss Reduction

action. An Expert System with a set of rules for TABLE 1

restoration and minimal loss reconfiguration was
proposed by Chen-Ching at al. [7]. End of Total Peak of feeder Station
In this paper network reconfiguration is done on the line length(KM) load(A) capacity
Test 17 170 Test feeder 20
basis of CYMDIST software package analysis. Feeder MVA
Figure shows a distribution network together with All the information received such as impedances,
sectionalizing switches. peak load of buses, properties of the lines, distances,
switching configuration etc. Figure (1) shows the
single line diagram with all details was designed in
CYMDIST software package.

NETWORK CREATED IN SOFTWARE

ENVIRONMENT

Network reconfiguration in distribution system for

loss reduction, a distribution system network is
created in software environment. Fig. shows..
Fig.1
In this network configuration feeder A and A1
connected to two areas. Switches (
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15) are normally close.
Switches (10,13) are normally open. Whenever some
portion of the load on feeder A is overloaded then
some load will be transfere to feeder A1 in swithcing
arrangement. Network Reconfiguration is done to
relief the overloaded network, for load balancing and
reduction of losses (e.g i^2*r). Mathematically the
total power loss can be expressed as follows [1]:

(1)

<= |Vi| <= (2)

Vmin Vmax
i i

Fig.2
Where ri , Pi , Qi and Vi are respectively, the
resistance, real power, reactive power, and voltage of During power flow analysis, table shows the
branch, and L is the total number of branches in the results i.e total load read, total load adjusted, total
system. The main goal of this study is to minimize conductor capacitances, total losses and total power
the loss represented by equation (1), subjected to (2). from sources.
The voltage magnitude must lie within the range in
each node of the network.
TABLE 2
AS A TEST CASE OF 11 KV DISTRIBUTION VOLTAGE DROP SUMMARY TEST FEEDER
FEEDER.
Total load
For the simulation of 11 KV test feeder in
kW kVAR kVA PF(%
CYMDIST software environment attention to the
)
equation (1) in section 1, some information are
Total load 5580.6 2738.7 6216.4 89.77
needed like electrical condition of feeders, station &
read 9 3 9
substation, impedance of the lines, load of
(Non-
transformers etc. Table shows the information of the
adjusted)
distribution feeder A [3]:
Total load 5580.6 2738.7 6216.4 89.77

International Journal of Computer & Communication Technology (IJCCT) ISSN (ONLINE): 2231 - 0371 ISSN (PRINT): 0975 –7449 Vol-3, Iss-3, 2012

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 Network Reconfiguration in Distribution System by Software Simulation for Loss Reduction

used 8 2 8
(Adjusted
)
Total 0.00
shunt
capacitor
(Adjusted
)
Total shunt 0.00
reactor
(Adjusted)
Total load 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
from motor Fig. 4
KVAR PROFILE OF TEST CASE 11KV
Total power 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
from DISTRIBUTION FEEDER
generator

Total power 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

to others
Total 12.55
conductor
capacitances

Total losses 193.76 551.49 584.54 33.15

Total power 5774.44 3277.72 6639.85 86.97
from sources

VOLTAGE PROFILE OF TEST CASE 11KV

DISTRIBUTION FEEDER

Fig. 3

During network reconfiguration with opening and Fig. 5

closing 5 suitable switches. With opening the switch
14407NH 47122 and closing 14408 SB 45132, some
load would be transferred from feeder A to A1, and
losses will be reduced a small fraction. Similarly,
with the opening of switch 12407NH53635 and
closing 1240NH54640 losses will be reduced about
2.79 kW.

REPORT OF SWITCHING
POSITION/RECONFIGURATION

TABLE 3
Section Id Action Switch Id
14407NH 47122 open 14407NH 47122
14408 SB 45132 close 14408 SB 45132
12407NH53635 open 1240NH54640
Fig. 6 Initial reconfiguration of keys 1 and 2.
KVA PROFILE OF TEST CASE 11KV
DISTRIBUTION FEEDER SWITCHING POSITION IN NEW
RECONFIGURATION

International Journal of Computer & Communication Technology (IJCCT) ISSN (ONLINE): 2231 - 0371 ISSN (PRINT): 0975 –7449 Vol-3, Iss-3, 2012

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 Network Reconfiguration in Distribution System by Software Simulation for Loss Reduction

REFRENCES

[1] H. Bagheri Tolabi ,. Gandomkar and M. Bahreyni Borujeni.

‘’Reconfiguration and load balancing by software simulation
in a real distribution network for loss reduction’’. Canadian
Journal on Electrical and Electronics Engineering Vol. 2 No.
8, August 2011.

[2] Prof. P. M. Sonwane, Prof. D. P. Kadam, Prof. Dr. B.E.

Kushare, Member IEEE ‘’ Distribution System Reliability
Through Reconfiguration, Fault Location, isolation And
Restoration’’

[3] M. E. Baran and F. F. Wu, ‘’Network reconfiguration in

distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing,’’
IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 7, no. 2,pp. 1401-1407, Apr.
TABLE 4 1989.

[4] D. Shirmohammadi and H. W. Hong, ‘’Reconfiguration of

Section Id Action Switch Id Electric Distribution Networks for Resistive line losses
12403NH03062-S Close 12403NH03062-S reduction’’, IEEE Trans PWRD, vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 1492-1498,
12403NH03112-S Close 12403NH03112-S 1988.
12402NH00534-S Close 12402NH00534-S
[5] D. W. Ross, M. Carson, A. Cohen, et al., ‘’Development of
12402NH00510-S Open 12402NH00510-S Advanced Methods for Planning Electric Energy Distribution
64-S Open 64-S Systems’’, DEO final report no. SCI-5263, Feb 1980.
12402NH48520-S Close 12402NH48520-S
[6] S. Civanlar and J. J. Grainger, ‘’Distribution feeder
14510NH48012-S Open 14510NH48012-S reconfiguration for loss reduction,’’ IEEE Trans. Power Del.,
12407NH48307-S Close 12407NH48307-S vol. 3,pp. 1217-122, Jul.1988.
15-S Close 15-S
[7] Chen- Ching Liu, Scung Lec, Khol Vu, ‘’Loss Minimization
14402SP-46532-S Open 14402SP-46532-S of Distribution Feeders: Optimility and Algorithms’’, IEEE
Trans. PWRD, vol.4, no.2, pp. 1281-1289, 1989.

[8] Sanjeev Kumar M. Tech. Power System, Deenbandhu Chhotu

Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal (Sonipat),
Haryana.

[9] Ms. Manju Mam Deputy Director National Power Training

Institute, Faridabad (Minitry of Power), Govt. of India.

[10] Dr. D. K. Jain, Prof. Electrical Engineering Department,

Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science &
Technology, Murthal (Sonipat), Haryana.

”””

Fig. 7 schematic of 7 and 13 in new reconfiguration.

CONCLUSION

In this paper, study & simulation has been done on a

distribution feeder network using CYMDIST
software and total losses calculated by power flow
analysis before and after optimal reconfiguration.
Result shows that the total losses will be reduced by
suitable switch arrangement.

In future, we can reduce losses maximally by a

renewed reconfiguration and put number of
proposed keys by software in new position.

International Journal of Computer & Communication Technology (IJCCT) ISSN (ONLINE): 2231 - 0371 ISSN (PRINT): 0975 –7449 Vol-3, Iss-3, 2012

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