LLOYD LAW

COLLEGE
INTERNAL ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
E-Governance

Vasoo Garg
SEMESTER 3RD

SECTION ‘E’

B.A.LL.B
The term ‘governance’ is wider than the term ‘government’. Government may be defined as
an activity of governing or controlling a country by its government, controlling of an
organisation or a company by its CEO or Board of Directors or controlling of a household by
the head of the house. ‘e- Governance’ can be defined as governing of a country,
organisation, company or a household with the help of Information and communication
Technology (ICT). E-Governance facilitates an efficient, speedy and transparent process of
disseminating information to the public, and other agencies and for performing government
administrative activities. The National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) is an initiative of the
Government of India to make all government services available to the citizens of India via
electronic media.

India started its own e-Governance initiative with the establishment of National Informatics
Center (NIC) in 1977. But the main thrust for e-Governance was provided by the Iaunching
of NICNET (National Informatics Centre Network) in 1987 which was the national satellite-
based computer network. This was followed by the launch of the District Information System
of the National Informatics Centre (DISNIC) programme to computerize all district offices in
the country for which free hardware and software was offered to the state Governments.
NICNET was extended via the state capitals to all district headquarters by 1990. A large
number of e-Governance initiatives were taken at the union and state levels. In 1999, the
Union Ministry of Information Technology was created. By 2000, a 12-point minimum
agenda for e-Governance was identified by Government of India for implementation in all the
Union Government Ministries/Departments. E-Governance is the application of Information
and Communication Technology (ICT) for delivering government services, exchange of
information, communication transactions, integration of various stand alone systems and
services between (i) Government-to-Customer (G2C), (ii) Government-to-Business (G2B)
and (iii) Government-to-Government (G2G).
The goal of Government-to-Customer (G2C), e-Governance is to offer a variety of ICT
services to citizens in an efficient and economical manner, and to strengthen the relationship
between government and citizens using technology. Under G2C, various projects viz Bhoomi
project by Karnataka Government, Lokvani project by Utter Pradesh Government, e-Mitra by
Rajasthan Government, e-Seva by Andhra Pradesh Government, Gyandoot by Madhya
Pradesh Government UMANG App by the Union Government have been launched.
Government-to-Business (G2B) is the online non-commercial interaction berween Local and
Central Government and the commercial business sector with the purpose of providing
business information and advice. G2G refers to the conduction through the internet between
government agencies and trading companies. Under the projects like e-Procurement of
Andhra Pradesh Government, MCA-21 implemented by Ministry of Corporate Affairs were
launched. E-government is a fairly broad subject matter and it is an effort to keep up with
today’s demands. G2G is the electronic sharing of data and/or information systems between
government agencies, departments or organisations. The goal of G2G is to support e-
government initiatives by improving communication, data access and data sharing.

A Mission Mode Project is an individual project within the national e-government Plan
(NeGP1) that focuses on the aspect of electronic governance, such as banking, land records or
commercial taxes etc. With NeGP ‘mission mode’ implies that projects have clearly defined
objectives, scopes and implementation of timelines and milestone, as well as measurable
outcomes and service levels. NeGP comprises 31 Misson Mode Projects 2 (MMPs) which are
further classified as central, state and integrated MMPs. Central MMPs include Banking,
Central Excise and Customs, Income Tax (IT), Insurance,Passport, Immigration, Visa and
Foreigners Registration and Tracking, Pension, E-office, Posts, VID. State MMPs include
Agriculture, Commercial Taxes, E-District, Employment Exchange, National Land Records
Management Programme (NLRMP), Municipalities, E-Panchayats, Crime and Criminal
Tracking Network and System (CCTNS), Road Transport, Treasuries Computerisation, PDS,
Education and Health. Integrated MMPs include CSC, e-Biz, e-courts, e-Procurement, EDI
for e-Trade, National e-Governance Service Delivery Gateway, India Portal etc.

1
https://www.meity.gov.in/divisions/national-e-governance-plan
2
https://www.meity.gov.in/content/mission-mode-projects
Some of the recent initiatives taken by the Government of India in the field of e-Governance
in the country also include:

• BHIM (Bharat Interface for money)3 mobile app launched in 2016 to facilitate e-
Payments directly through banks.
• Aadhaar Enabled Payment System (AEPS)4 allowing on line interoperable financial
inclusion transaction through the business correspondent of any bank using the
Aadhaar authentication.
• Digital India Programme5 aiming to transform the country into a digitally empowered
society and knowledge economy.
• Direct cash transfer to facilitate disbursements of government entitlements like
NREGA, social security pension etc of any Central or State Government bodies, using
Aadhaar as supported by UIDAI6 (Unique Identification Authority of India)
• E-Kranti7 scheme for linking the internet with remote villages in the country launched
in 2014.
• Survey of India has launched a new web portal called Nakshe 8 to make open series of
maps available to Indians for free. These maps are meant for development activities in
the country and can also be used to plan scientific expeditions, research etc.
• Bhoomi Project9 (Karnataka):Bhoomi is a self-sustainable e-Governance project for
the computerized delivery of 20 million rural land records to 6.7 million farmers of
Karnataka.
• KHAJANE10 (Karnataka): It has been implemented mainly to eliminate systemic
deficiencies in the manual treasury system and for the efficient management of state
finances.

• E-Seva (Andhra Pradesh): Designed to provide ‘Government to Citizen’ and ‘e-

Business to Citizen’ services.All the services are delivered online to consumers

3
bhimupi.org.in
4
http://cashlessindia.gov.in/aeps.html
5
digitalindia.gov.in
6
Uidai.gov.in
7
https://www.meity.gov.in/content/e-kranti
8
Soinakshe.uk.gov.in
9
Landrecords.karnataka.gov.in
10
www.karnataka.com/govt/khajane
 /citizens by connecting them to the respective government departments and providing
online information at the point of service

• E-Courts:Launched by the Department of Justice, Ministry of Law and Justice.The

Mission Mode Project (MMP) aims at utilizing technology for improved provisioning
of judicial services to citizens.he Mission Mode Project (MMP) aims at utilizing
technology for improved provisioning of judicial services to citizens.

• E-District: Launched by the Department of Information Technology. The MMP aims

at delivery of high volume, citizen-centric services at the District level such as the
issue of birth/death certificate, income and caste certificates, old age and widow
pension, etc.

• MCA2111: Launched by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.The project aims to provide

electronic services to the Companies registered under the Companies Act.Various
online facilities offered includes allocation and change of name, incorporation, online
payment of registration charges, change in address of registered office, viewing of
public records and other related services.

• E-Office: Launched by the Department of Administrative Reforms & Public

Grievances.The MMP aims at significantly improving the operational efficiency of
the Government by transitioning to a "Less Paper Office".

Some states viz, West Bengal, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh have implemented e-Government
modules in Panchayat. MMPs for e-Governance in Municipalities is implemented under
Phase I of Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) and applicable to
65 Mission cities. The government has to publish all the information online through websites.
This can be facilitated through centralized storage of information, localisation of content and
content management. The information of government is public information, therefore the
citizens are entitled to know every piece of information of the government, because the
government is of the people, by the people and for the people.

11
https://www.meity.gov.in/content/mca21
Despite its advantages, e-Governance faces many challenges in various ways. Universal
access to the internet is still far away in India. India has wide digital divide between rural and
urban India, thus the reach of e-governance initiative is very limited
Lack of proper infrastructure, particularly in rural areas, restricts the people from reaping the
benefits of e-governance. Illiteracy of the users and lack of their ability to use computers is
also a great impediment. Other hindrances include public concern over the cyber security,
fear of spam from providing email address and government retention of transaction or
interaction history etc. States like Maharashtra, Gujarat, Kerala are ahead in e-governance,
but others like Bihar, Jharkhand, North-East are Lagging behind.

e-Governance is getting momentum in India, but public awareness and the digital divide are
important issues to be addressed.The success of e-Governance measures largely depends on
the availability of high-speed internet, and the nation-wide roll-out of 5G technology in the
near future will strengthen our resolve.
A vision is required to implement the e-Governance successfully in India.
To meet the vision, the challenges in the implementation of e-Governance should be
overcome. Then, the environment needs to be developed for the effective implementation of
e-Governance in India. In spite of many challenges India has number of award winning e-
Governance projects like Andhra Pradesh’s rural e-Seva project, e-Panchayat etc. Therefore,
we can say that, e-Governance is the key to the ‘good governance’ for the developing
countries like India to minimize corruption, provides efficient and effective or quality
services to their citizens.