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Preservation and Conservation Techniques

This document discusses techniques for preserving archival materials, including fumigation, cleaning, deacidification, and repair. It provides details on various fumigation chemicals like paradichlorobenzene, thymol, and formaldehyde. It also describes mechanical cleaning methods using brushes and vacuums, as well as non-aqueous solvent and water cleaning. Finally, it discusses deacidification methods like aqueous, non-aqueous, and vapor phase deacidification to remove acid from paper and slow deterioration.

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Nur Athifah
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73 views

Preservation and Conservation Techniques

This document discusses techniques for preserving archival materials, including fumigation, cleaning, deacidification, and repair. It provides details on various fumigation chemicals like paradichlorobenzene, thymol, and formaldehyde. It also describes mechanical cleaning methods using brushes and vacuums, as well as non-aqueous solvent and water cleaning. Finally, it discusses deacidification methods like aqueous, non-aqueous, and vapor phase deacidification to remove acid from paper and slow deterioration.

Uploaded by

Nur Athifah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IMR 552

PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION OF ARCHIVAL


MATERIALS
TECHNIQUES

• Fumigation
• Cleaning
• Deacidification
• Repair
• Binding
FUMIGATION

• Objectives
• To destroy elements that is harmful to records
• To prevent elements that can destroy records. (bibliophagons
insects and fungus)

• One method to remove elements of pest records and to


prevent attacks from bibliophagons insects such as various
types of beetles, silverfish, cockroach, bookworm, termites and
fungus.
• Immune from attack or infection depends on the materials
stored in accordance with the standards and concept of
preventive presentation
• Fumigation involves the use of chemicals to prevent pests and
remove elements of archival materials in paper form
FUMIGATION CHEMICALS USED

•Paradichlorobenzene
•Thymol
•Formaldehyde
•Ethylene oxide
•Nitrogen
PARADICHLOROBENZENE

• Paradichlorobenzene
• Agent destructive insects (insecticide)
• Solids, easy to steam
• Volatile solid that has a strong odor
• Effects of poisoning (toxic) harm to
THYMOL
• thymol
• To destroy fungus
• Solid strong smell
• Not suitable with liquid nylon, some types of varnish
and some kind of printer ink
FORMALDEHYDE

• formaldehyde
• Agent to destroy insects and fungus
• Shaped methanol in water solution containing
about 40% formaldehyde
• Intense odor (pungent smell)
• Used under rigorous control
ETHYLENE OXIDE

• Ethylene oxide
• Agent to destroy insects and fungus
• Chemicals that produce gas
• Toxic effects are strong
• Have not been used since it is harmful to humans
NITROGEN

• nitrogen
• Agent to destroy insects
• It is a heavy gas that reduces oxygen to kill insects
FUMIGATION PROCESS

• Proper fumigation process is to use a space or room


(chamber) that is airtight

• Airtight can make fumigation agents react


effectively
• Space or chamber area depends on the
fumigation type, size and number of documents to
be fumigated
CLEANING

• Divided into three :

• Mechanical - eraser, brush, vacuum


cleaner

• Non aqueous solvent

• Washing
CLEANING

• Cleaning is to remove the dirt on the surface of a


document or book
• The cleaning method depends on the type of dirt
• Conservator must identify the type of dirt
• Wrong methods can add more injury to the
document
• Cleaning can be carried out by mechanical means
or liquid
• Mechanical cleaning or fluid cleaning should be
done cautiously
MECHANICAL CLEANING

• To remove dirts such as dust, mold, and dirt by


insects
• This method is typically used on documents with
decorative or simple inks.
• Documents need to be drained and physically in a
strong state to face treatment
• Cleaning should be carried out in adequate space
with ventilation
• Conservator must wear a dust mask
• By using this method, tools used are vacuum
cleaner, brush and eraser
MECHANICAL CLEANING

• Cleaning is done by using suction at low rates


• Suction is directed from the center to the edge of
the document
• Make sure the document is vacuum suction-
resistant
BRUSH

• To remove dust from the surface of the document


• Brush is used if the use of a vacuum cleaner is not
suitable
• Use a soft brush to sweep the surface of the
document
• Sweep from the center to the edges of the
document
• There are different types of brushes, choose soft
brush and suitable
ERASER

• Eraser
• To remove solid dirt from the surface of the
document
• Sprinkle eraser flour on the surface of the document
• Cotton is used to sweep the dirt in a circle, use a
soft brush to clean the surface of the document
NON-AQUEOUS SOLVENT

• Solution without water (non-aqueous solvent)


• To remove dirt from the surface of the document
• Only to be used in place that has dirt
• Avoid using excessive solvent
• Used in cases where the use of a brush or eraser is
not effective
WASHING

• The most appropriate water to wash the document


is hardwater, a water that contains a lot of calcium.
Wash document when other methods can not be
used because of physical condition.
DEACIDIFICATION

• The presence of acid in the structure of the paper is


the main factor leading to the deterioration of
paper. The presence of acid in the paper are due
to:
• The presence of acid in the papermaking process
• Acid absorption into the paper structure from the
atmosphere
• Exist during the process of paper deterioration
METHOD OF DEACIDIFICATION

• 3 types of deacidification are :


• Aqueous deacidification
• Non-aqueous deacidification
• Vapour phase deacidification

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