Chipko movement is a socio-ecological movement that aimed at resisting mass

deforestation using Gandhian ways of Non-violent resistance and satyagraha through the act
of hugging the trees to guard them against being cut down for commercial purposes.
“Chipko” interprets to “stick” or to “hug” interposing their bodies between the trees and
also the contractor’s axes.
Chipko movement came into existence in 1973 to protect trees from cutting down. It was a
non-violent movement initiated by the women in Uttar Pradesh’s Chamoli district (now is a
part of Uttarakhand, India) for the conservation of forests to maintain ecological balance in
the environment. After some time, the movement spilled onto the other Northern states of
India.

Objectives of chipko movement

The slogan of the chipko movement was “ecology is a permanent economy,” as coined by
Sunderlal Bahuguna. He said to embrace the trees and save them from being felled down
because they are the property of our hills. Save them from being looted.

One of the main objectives of the movement was to protect trees and forest area because it
was the primary source of livelihood for the tribal people of this region. They were highly
dependent on the forest resources for their survival. 

The Chipko protests in Uttar Pradesh achieved a major victory in 1980 with a 15-year ban on
green felling in the Himalayan forests of that state by the order of Mrs Indira Gandhi, the
then Prime Minister of India. Since then, the movement has spread to many states in the
country. In addition to the 15-year ban in Uttar Pradesh, the movement has stopped felling in
the Western Ghats and the Vindhyas and has generated pressure for a natural resource policy
that is more sensitive to people's needs and ecological requirements.

   

Causes of chipko movement

This movement was started for an ecological purpose to save the trees. These are some of the
primary reasons that force the tribal people stood bravely in front of the loggers to protect
their forest land.
In the 20th century, the common people of the Uttarakhand hill region suffered a lot
due to large-scale deforestation. 
The problems started with the inefficient policies of the govt.
Rejection from the govt. to the appeal of the poor condition of local people.
The ecological balance of the Uttarakhand region was affected big time by cutting of
trees.
The local people also had to face the problem of scarcity of water and poor land
condition.
Lack of awareness about the environmental and ecological importance of the trees in
the society.
The local people of the region gave up on keeping a high number of livestock.

Results of chipko movement:-

 It help in the conservation and preservation of the forest one of the most important
natural resources.
 It allowed the village communities to utilise the forest produce and allowing the
resource to replenish overtime.
 It taught people that the destruction of the forest not only affect the availability of
forest product but also the quality of soil and the sources of water.
 It forced government to rethink the priorities of the local people in the use of forest
produce.
 It encourage the participation of the local people in the efficient management of forest

Green Belt Movement

The Green Belt Movement is an environmental organization whose aim is to make the
planet green again through fighting deforestation and preventing soil erosion. It engages the
community, especially women, in its process and, in return, compensates participants with a
small monetary payment. It has now become an international platform for women’s
empowerment through the conservation of natural resources.

The Green Belt Movement, a programme initiated by Professor Wangari Maathai and the
National Council of Women of Kenya (NCWK),
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 energy. 

The Green Belt Movement has additionally treated large problems with inside the each day
lives of Kenyans. It has blanketed public lands from personal landowners, recognised as
“land grabbing.” It has skilled farmers with easy strategies to develop indigenous veggies
and end result which are sustainable in harsh environments. It additionally makes use of a
water-shed primarily based totally method to harvesting. Furthermore, the Green Belt
Movement released the Community Empowerment and Education program, which helped to
teach not unusual place humans at the environment, herbal assets and civics.

Since its foundation in 1977, over 51 million trees had been planted throughout Kenya. The
movement additionally invented a technique of spreading thoughts the various network
through “trainers of trainers.” In 2015 alone, over 200 women who participated in schooling
from the Green Belt Movement have long gone directly to teach over 20,000 contributors in
their communities, accordingly supporting in the spreading of the Movement’s thoughts. The
Green Belt Movement has addressed essential troubles including deforestation, weather
alternate and women’s empowerment, gaining worldwide popularity in the process.

Appiko Movement
According to Vandana Shiva, the people’s struggle against commercial forest policy has
come to light in the region of Uttara Kannada. The destruction of tropical natural forests
has caused irreversible changes in the ecosystem of the forests.
The clear felling of natural forests has led to severe soil erosion and drying up of perennial
water resources. Moved by the destruction of essential ecological processes, the youth of
Salkani village in Sirsi launched a Chipko movement, which was locally known as
“Appiko Chaluvali”. They embraced the trees which were to be felled by contractors of the
forest depart- ment.

The protest within the forest continued for 38 days and finally the felling orders were
withdrawn. The success of this agitation spread to other places and the movement has now
been launched in eight areas covering the entire Sirsi forest division in Uttara Kannada and
Shimoga districts.

The Appiko Movement, a movement similar to the Chipko Movement, was launched in
September 1983 by the representatives of a Yuvak Mandali to save the Western Ghats in
Southwest India. It was observed by the representatives of the Yuvak Mandali that in
areas, which were easily accessible, there was an excessive concentration of trees reserved
for felling, and there was also excessive damage to other trees during such course of
felling.

The objective of the Appiko Movement is three-fold—to protect the existing forest cover,
to regenerate trees in denuded lands and, last but not least, to utilize forest wealth with due
consideration to conservation. All these objectives are implemented through ideally
established Parisara Samrakshna Kendras (environmental conservation centres).

The Appiko Movement has created cognizance amongst villagers at some stage in the
Western Ghats approximately the ecological destruction of wooded area wealth. People
now intently screen the exploitation of forests with the aid of using the wooded area
branch and were cap in a position to expose the discrepancy among professed and real
exercise of wooded area management.

The areas rainforests were undermined with the aid of using logging for the plywood and
paper industry, conversion of wooded area to monoculture plantations and the
development of huge hydro-electric powered dams for electricity generation. This has
additionally resulted with inside the destruction of livelihood of wooded area dwellers.