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Introduction To Circles (Students Study Material & Assignment)

This document discusses equations of circles. It defines a circle and how to derive the standard equation of a circle given its center and radius. It presents an example of finding the equation of a circle with center (2, -3) and radius 4. It also outlines some key properties of the equation of a circle, such as coefficients of x and y being the same and no xy term. The document concludes with an example of finding the center and radius from a given circle equation.

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DAVID ABDULSHUAIB AYEDUN
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© Public Domain
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
59 views

Introduction To Circles (Students Study Material & Assignment)

This document discusses equations of circles. It defines a circle and how to derive the standard equation of a circle given its center and radius. It presents an example of finding the equation of a circle with center (2, -3) and radius 4. It also outlines some key properties of the equation of a circle, such as coefficients of x and y being the same and no xy term. The document concludes with an example of finding the center and radius from a given circle equation.

Uploaded by

DAVID ABDULSHUAIB AYEDUN
Copyright
© Public Domain
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

BUSINESS MATHEMATICS

6.0 Tutor-Marked Assignment


7.0 References/Further Readings

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This unit will introduce you to the properties of equation of a circle,


detailing how these properties could be used to solve day-day problems.

2.0 OBJECTIVES

At the end of this unit, you should be able to solve simple problems
involving equation of a circle.

3.0 MAIN CONTENT

3.1 Definition

A circle is the locus of a curve (equidistant from a point).

A circle could be described by its centre (fixed) and its radius. The
radius is the distance between the centre of the circle and the
circumference.

y
B(x, y)
r

A(a, b)

To form the equation of the circle, whose centre is the point A (a, b) and
radius, „r‟ joined to point B(x, y) on the circumference.

Distance AB = r = (y  a) 2  (x  b) 2 …………………………… (1)

Squaring both sides, we have:

r2 = (y – a)2 + (x – b)2……………………………………………… (2)

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BUSINESS MATHEMATICS

This is the required equation.

Suppose the centre of the circle is located at the origin meaning that a =
0, b = 0; then the equation becomes:

r2 = (y – 0)2 + (x – 0)2 = y2 + x2 …………………………...………… (3)

This is equation of the circle with centre at the origin

In gradient the equation (2) can be expanded thus:

r2 = (y – a)2 + (x – b)2 = y2 – 2ay + a2 + x2 – 2bx + b2

 y2 + x2 – 2ay – 2bx + a2 + b2 – r2 =0 …………………..………… (4)

 y2 + x2 – 2gx – 2fy + (a2 + b2 – r2) =0 …………………………… (5)

Where –a = f, -b = g and let a2 + b2 – r2 =c

 y2 + x2 – 2gx – 2fy + c =0 …………………...…………………… (6)

Example

Find the equation of the circle centre (2, -3) and radius 4.

Solution

The equation of the circle centre (2, -3) and radius 4 is:

y
(x, y)
4
91
(2, -3 )
BUSINESS MATHEMATICS

 y2 + 6y + 9 + x2 – 4x + 4 = 16
[y – (-3)]2 + [x – 2]2 = 42
 y2 + 6y + 9 + x2 – 4x + 4 = 16
 y2 + x2 – 4x + 6y - 3 = 0.

3.2 Properties of Equation of a Circle

1. The coefficient of the two variables x and y must be the same;


2. There must be no term in xy and;
3. The equation must be second degree or simply in second degree
of x and y respectively.

Example

Find the coordinate of the centre and the radius of the circle

y2 + x2 – 14x -8y + 56 = 0

Solution

The circle x2 + y2 – 14x -8y + 56 = 0 ……………………………….. (1)

Collecting like terms:

 x2 -14x + [ ] y2 – 8y + [ ] = -56 ………………………..………… (2)

Fill-up the bracket to make each equation to be perfect square.

Find the half of the coefficients of x and y and square them and add to
both sides:

1
 { ( 14)}2 = [-7]2 = 49 ……………………………...…………… (3)
2
1
 { ( 8)}2 = [-4]2 = 16 …………………………………………… (4)
2

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BUSINESS MATHEMATICS

Equation (2) becomes:

 x2 – 14x + 49 + y2 – 8y+ 16 = -56 + 49 + 16


 x2 – 14x + 72 + y2 – 8y+ 42 = 9
 (x – 7)2 + (y – 4)2 = 32

(7, 4) are the coordinates or centre of the circle, while 3 is the radius.

Alternative Solution

Comparing x2 + y2 – 14x – 8y + 56 = 0 with x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0,


which is the general form.

 2g – 14  g = -7, and 2f = -8  f = -4

Where a and b are the coordinates, recall that –a = g and –b = f

 a = 7, b = 4 (the coordinates).

Also, c = g2 + f2 – r2

 56 = (-7)2 + (-4)2 – r2
 56 = 49 + 16 – r2
 r2 = 65 - 56
 r2 = 9
 r = 3 (the radius)

Hence, the circle has centre (7, 4), radius 3.

4.0 CONCLUSION
As in the summary

5.0 SUMMARY

In summary, this unit discourses equation of circle. Simple


problems involving equation of circle and some properties of circle
is also discoursed.

6.0 TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT

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BUSINESS MATHEMATICS

1. Find the equation of the circle giving the following coordinates


and radii:

i. Centre (-1, 2), radius 4


ii. Centre (6, 2), radius 1
iii. Centre (-2, -3), radius 5

2. Write down the centre and radius of the following circles:

i. x2 + y2 – 10x + 6y + 30 = 0 ii.
9x +9 y2 – 12x - 6y + 4 = 0 iii.
2

4x2 + 4y2 – 12x + 4y - 71 = 0

7.0 REFERENCES/FURTHER READINGS

1) Pure Mathematics for Advanced Level By B.D Bunday H


Mulholland 1970.

2) Introduction to Mathematical Economics By Edward T.


Dowling.

3) Mathematics and Quantitative Methods for Business and


Economics.By Stephen P. Shao. 1976.

4) Mathematics for Commerce & Economics By Qazi


Zameeruddin & V.K. Khanne 1995.

5) Engineering Mathematics By K. A Stroad.

6) Business Mathematics and Information Technology. ACCA


STUDY MANUAL By. Foulks Lynch.

7) Introduction to Mathematical Economics SCHAUM‟S Out


lines
MODULE 2

Unit 1 Simple Sequence and Series


Unit 2 Limits
Unit 3 Differentiation and Integration
Unit 4 Maximum and Minimum Points and Value
Unit 5 Linear Programming (inequalities and Constraints)

UNIT 1 SIMPLE SEQUENCE AND SERIES

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