0% found this document useful (0 votes)
322 views2 pages

Literature Review

Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions, reducing child mortality worldwide. However, vaccination rates remain low in many areas, especially Africa, where over 7 million children were not fully vaccinated in 2009 and 19.3 million did not receive all recommended vaccines in 2010. Low coverage of routine childhood vaccines is a major public health concern, as vaccine-preventable diseases are still a leading cause of death among children under five years old. New approaches are needed to reach more children and improve vaccination rates.

Uploaded by

David Olarinloye
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
322 views2 pages

Literature Review

Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions, reducing child mortality worldwide. However, vaccination rates remain low in many areas, especially Africa, where over 7 million children were not fully vaccinated in 2009 and 19.3 million did not receive all recommended vaccines in 2010. Low coverage of routine childhood vaccines is a major public health concern, as vaccine-preventable diseases are still a leading cause of death among children under five years old. New approaches are needed to reach more children and improve vaccination rates.

Uploaded by

David Olarinloye
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Vaccination remains one of the most cost effective public health interventions, which helps to

reduce global child morbidity and mortality (Machingaidze et al,. 2015). Vaccines are useful to
promote comprehensive immunity when given at appropriate times during developmental period
of childhood, thus enabling children ward off vaccine preventable diseases (Kalan et al., 2014).
Vaccines prevent over two million death each year worldwide. However, VPDs still remain the
major cause of childhood mortality.
High mortality due to these diseases is due to low coverage of routine childhood vaccination,
and it is a major public health concern. In Africa, more than seven million children were not
fully vaccinated before their first birthday in year 2009 (Machingaidze et al,. 2015).
Approximately 19.3 million children did not receive DTP3 worldwide in 2010, with more than
one-third of these children living in Africa (Machingaidze et al,. 2015). While Africa has made
remarkable improvements in immunization services, this agenda remains largely unfinished with
large numbers of children remaining unreached, unvaccinated, under-vaccinated, and still dying
from VPDs (Machingaidze et al,. 2015). For instance, vaccination coverage rates for the various
childhood vaccines in Nigeria are amongst the lowest in the world, with Nigeria being amongst
the ten countries worldwide having vaccine coverage below 50% (Antai, 2011).
The consequences of this are not farfetched; estimated 1.5 million children died globally from vaccine
preventable diseases where WHO prequalified vaccines were available. In addition, Measles and neonatal
tetanus in particular account for most of the 11.4 million deaths recorded each year among the under five
years of age (Stockwell et al., 2012).

The use of mobile phone is on the increase globally (Roter et al., 1998), with mobile phone text
messaging gaining popularity among people living in low-income and middle-income countries
and may be the key to penetrating hard to reach areas in the developing world. Text messaging
has proven to be a cost effective method of relaying health information and reminders than the
more traditional methods such as face-to-face, phone calls, pamphlets, mail and email (Stockwell
et al., 2012).

REFERENCES
1. Antai D. 2011. Rural-Urban Inequities in Childhood Immunisation in Nigeria: The Role
of Community Contexts. Afr J Prm Health Care Fam Med.;3(1), Art. #238, 8 pages.
2. Bangure Donewell, Chirundu Daniel, Gombe Notion, Marufu Tawanda, Mandozana
Gibson,
3. Kalan, Robyn, Charles S Wiysonge,Tshepiso Ramafuthole, Kurt Allie, Fatima Ebrahim,
Mark Emmanuel Engel. 2014. Mobile phone text messaging for improving the uptake of
vaccinations: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open;4:e005130.
4. Machingaidze S, Wiysonge CS, Hussey GD. 2013. Strengthening the Expanded
Programme on Immunization in Africa: Looking beyond 2015. PLoS Med 10(3):
e1001405.
5. Roter DL, Hall JA, Merisca R, et al. Effectiveness of interventions to improve patient compliance: a meta-analysis. Med Care
1998;36:1138–61.
6. Stockwell Melissa S., Kharbanda Elyse Olshen, Martinez Raquel Andres, Lara Marcos,
Vawdrey David, Natarajan Karthik, and Rickert Vaughn I. 2012. Text4Health: impact of
text message reminder-recalls for pediatric and adolescent immunizations. Am J Public
Health;102:e15–21.
7. Tshimanga Mufuta and Takundwa Lucia. 2015. Effectiveness of short message services
reminder on childhood immunization programme in Kadoma, Zimbabwe - a randomized
controlled trial, 2013. BMC Public Health, 5:137
8. WHO and UNICEF. Progress towards global immunization goals – 2011. Available:
http:// www.who.int/immunization_monitoring/data/ SlidesGlobalImmunization.pdf

World Health Organisation and UNICEF: Global Immunization Data.


http://wwwwhoint/immunization_monitoring/Global_Immunization_
Datapdf (accessed 10 Jun

You might also like