Introduction To The Metaphysics of Sanskrit Language: National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha
Uploaded by
DrSurabhi VermaIntroduction To The Metaphysics of Sanskrit Language: National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha
Uploaded by
DrSurabhi Verma© DrSurabhi Verma
National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha
Course ID: HS 1317
INTRODUCTION TO THE METAPHYSICS OF
SANSKRIT LANGUAGE
Course Co-ordinator: Prof. Surabhi Verma
1
© DrSurabhi Verma
• Unit 1: Nature of Language
❖ What is Language?
❖ Difference between Bhāṣā, Vāk and Vāṇī
❖ Spoken and Compositional language
❖ The Knowledge disciplines related with discourse of Language
❖ Effect of orality on the Nature of Language
COURSE ❖ The Language of the Universe: Nāda (Resonance)
OUTLINE • Unit 2: Introduction to the components of Sanskrit Language
❖ Physical aspects
1. Sounds (Dhvani)
2. Syllables (akṣara/varṇa)
3. Śabda (word)
4. Pada (morphological unit)
5. Ukti (utterances)
2
© DrSurabhi Verma
❖ Metaphysical aspects
1. Language and Reality (Sattā)
2. Mantrātmaka and prapañcātmaka
3. Language as an ontological category
4. Discourse of language as Cognitive System
5. Intrinsic property of Language
COURSE 6. Verb centred Language: Sanskrit
OUTLINE
7. Special features of Sanskrit language
▪ Metrical (chāndas)
▪ Figurative (alaṃkāra yukta)
▪ Compound (samāsa) and assimilation (sandhiḥ) based
▪ Coded (inflectional- pratyayānta)
▪ Abbreviated (sutra baddha)
▪ Generative (derivational)
▪ Usage based (loka pramāṇa)
3
© DrSurabhi Verma
• Unit 3: The Discourse of śabda and artha
❖ Signifier (vācaka), signified (vācya) and the meaning (vācyārtha)
❖ The relationship of śabda and artha and the question of nitya (indestructible)
❖ Vāk and its four levels of manifestation
❖ The three types of meaning (artha)
❖ The two possibilities of getting meaning of utterances
COURSE
❖ The requirements for constructing meaning of utterances
• Unit 4: The Science of Mantra
OUTLINE ❖ Mantra: meaning and dimensions
❖ The Accents in Vaidika mantra
❖ The Purpose of Mantra
❖ Relation between mantra and spanda
❖ Autonomous spontaneous mantra (ajāpajāpa)
4
© DrSurabhi Verma
• Study of Language as an Ontological System
1. The Energy and Consciousness in Kashmir Śaiva Darśana
2. The Ontology (Tattva-mīmāṁsā) of Kashmir Śaiva Darśana
3. The Epistemology (Pramāṇa-mīmāṁsā) of Kashmir Śaiva Darśana
4. The Metaphysics (Śṛṣṭi Prakriyā) in Kashmir Śaiva Darśana
5. The Manifestation Process - Subjective and Objective Manifestation
COURSE 6. The encapsulation and limitation of energy
OUTLINE 7. The Cognitive Process
8. The Cognitive Triad
9. The Concept of Time and Space
10.Manifestation of sound energy as potencies in relation to ontological categories
11.The Transposition Effect during Genesis of Vāk
12.The rectification (purification) in reversal
5
6
UNIT -4
© DrSurabhi Verma
The Manifestation Process
• In manifestation process, the Citi functions as an
instrument, so it is called instrumental consciousness.
• Subjective manifestation starts with Kālādhvā (time)
© DrSurabhi Verma
which is termed as Pramātṛgata Adhvā i.e. This
manifestation is dependent upon the Subjective aspect
of Consciousness which is represented in the Cognizers.
• This manifestation comes under three heads- 1. Varṇa
adhvā 2. Mantra Adhvā and 3. Pada adhvā.
• When Instrumental Consciousness completely
submerges into Subjective Consciousness, it gets
represented as Varṇa Adhvā. (Tatpraśame
pūrṇapramātṛtāyām Varṇādhvā)
• When Instrumental Consciousness ceases and becomes
dissolved into the Subjective Consciousness, it gets
represented as Mantra Adhvā. (Pramāṇasyaiva
kṣobhataraṅgaśāmyatāyām Mantrādhvā)
• When Subjective Consciousness is dependent on
Instrumental Consciousness, it gets represented as Figure 4.4
Pada Adhvā. (Pramāṇatāyām Padādhvā)
7
CONT…
1. The Subjective Manifestation
• The vowels which are independent for pronunciation and dependent sounds i.e.
Consonants come into manifestation as a part of sound energy at the first level
© DrSurabhi Verma
(The sequence in the Figure shows the status of sound energies with tattvas at parā
state).
• At the second level, pada (joined form of sounds) are formed. At the third level
mantra evolve. This knowledge system has showed the use of sound energies in
the Sādhanā process.
A, Ā – ŚIVA E AU
I, Ī A I ANUSVĀRA- BINDU
U, Ū O VISARGA- ŚAKTI
Figure 4.5
The Six Ways (Śaḍadhvā)
8
CONT…
2. The Objective Manifestation
• The Objective Manifestation has three steps in manifestation.
© DrSurabhi Verma
These are Tattva, Kalā and Bhuvana.
• Tattvas are 36 objects of Cognition.
• Kalās are 5 in number though all 36 elements reside in their
special residences of Kalās.
• These 5 membranes or Kalās divide the total empty space into 5
oval structures known as Aṇḍa which are named as Pārthiva,
Prākṛta, Māyā, Śākta and Śaiva Aṇḍa from grossest to subtlest
level of manifestation. They contain 16, 56, 28, 18 and 16
Bhuvans respectively.
• Bhuvanas are total 118 in number. The controller of Pārthiva
and Śaiva Aṇḍa are same so the number of bhuvanas present
there are calculated only once.
• Bhuvanas are spaces to reside. They in turn occupy different
deśas.
Figure 4.7
• The number of deśas are 256 in number though the number
varies.
The Concept of Aṇḍa
9
10
THANK YOU.
© DrSurabhi Verma
