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Arrival of Europeans

The document summarizes the early history of Portuguese, Dutch, and English presence in India: 1) It outlines key Portuguese explorers like Prince Henry the Navigator, Bartholomew Diaz who reached the Cape of Good Hope, and Vasco da Gama who discovered the sea route from Europe to India in 1498. It also discusses early Portuguese viceroys and their consolidation of power. 2) It briefly mentions the Dutch East India Company being formed in 1602 and their establishment of trading posts in India. 3) It notes the English later defeated the Dutch in Bengal in 1759, ending Dutch power in India.

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345 views2 pages

Arrival of Europeans

The document summarizes the early history of Portuguese, Dutch, and English presence in India: 1) It outlines key Portuguese explorers like Prince Henry the Navigator, Bartholomew Diaz who reached the Cape of Good Hope, and Vasco da Gama who discovered the sea route from Europe to India in 1498. It also discusses early Portuguese viceroys and their consolidation of power. 2) It briefly mentions the Dutch East India Company being formed in 1602 and their establishment of trading posts in India. 3) It notes the English later defeated the Dutch in Bengal in 1759, ending Dutch power in India.

Uploaded by

Mega No01
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Hist1

The Portuguese
Prince Henry the Navigator
- He was a key figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-
century European maritime discoveries and expansion.
- Is remembered more as a great patron and sponsor of voyages than as a sailor.
- Nicknamed 'Navigator'.
Bartholomew Diaz (1487)
- Reached the southernmost tip of Africa (which he named Cape of Storms) and
became the first known European to reach the Indian Ocean from the Atlantic.
- The Portuguese later renamed the cape as 'Cape of Good Hope'.
Vasco da Gama (1498, 1502)
- Headed the first Portuguese India Armada.
- Sailed from the 'Cape of Good Hope' and continued to India, reaching Calicut
(Kozhikode) in 1498.
- Discovered a new sea route from Europe to India and became the first European
to reach India by sea.
- Was piloted by a Gujarati named Abdul Majid.
- Led two Portuguese India Armadas, the first and the fourth.
- Was sent under the patronage of King Manuel I of Portugal.
- Returned with a cargo which sold for 60 times the cost of his voyage.
- In 1503, 1st Portuguese factory was set up ar Cochin (Kochi).
- In 1505, 2nd factory was set up at Cannanore (or Kannur).
Francisco De Almeida (1505-1509)
- The First Portuguese Viceroy of India.
- Adopted the 'Blue Water Policy' aimed at establishing naval supermacy of the
Portuguese in the Indian Ocean.
- Credited with the construction of Fort Anjediva.
- In 1508, Almeida defeated the joint Muslim naval force (Gujarat Sultanate and
Mameluk Egyptian fleet) in the Battle of Diu.
Alfonzo De Albuquerque (1509-1515)
- Known as the real founder of Portuguese power in India. He set up his
headquarter at Cochin.
- In 1509 he conquered Diu.
- In 1510 conquered Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur.
- Encouraged his countrymen to marry Indian women and propagate Christianity.
- Abolished sati in regions under his control.
Nino de Cunha (1529-1538)
- In 1530, he transferred the government head office from Cochin to Goa, thus
making Goa the official capital of the Portuguese in India.

The Dutch
- In 1596, Cornelius de Houtman He was the first Dutch traveler to reach India.
- In 1602 the Dutch East India Company was formed by a charter of Dutch
Parliament.
- In 1605, the first Dutch factory was established at Masulipatnam in Andhra.
- The second factory was set up in 1606 at Pettopoli (Nizampatam).
- In 1610, the Dutch signed a treaty with the king of Chandragiri and established
their headquarters at Pulicat. Here they minted their gold coins called pagodas.
- In 1623, Amboyna massacre took place in Indonesia where the Dutch killed 10
Englishmen and 9 Japanese.
- The Dutch kept on losing their settlement one by one during Anglo-Dutch Rivalry
which least for 70 years.
- In 1690, the Dutch headquarters were transferred from Pulicat to Nagapattinam.
- In 1759, the Dutch were defeated by the English in the decisive Battle of Bedara
(Bengal), ending the Dutch power in India

The English

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