Analysis of an Antacid Lab

Introduction

Antacids are used to treat heartburn. Heartburns are caused by the stomach acid backing

up into the esophagus. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the “best antacid”, which

means to figure out which antacid tablet neutralizes the most acid. To determine which antacid is

the best, different generic brands and name brand antacids were compared to determine if the

antacids were equally defective in neutralizing acid and if they were comparably cost effective.

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Titration is a quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the concentration of

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a known solution, which is molarity. This concept was used to determine the number of

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neutralized moles of HCl. A buret is set up to dispense a second reactant into a flask that already
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has another reactant. Indicator is an organic compound that changes color depending on the pH

of the solution. In an acidic solution, the indicator would remain clear whereas in a basic
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solution, the indicator would turn pink. The indicator, phenolphthalein, was used in this
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experiment to detect the end of reaction. The end of the reaction was when the indicator changes

color.
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Molarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution [moles/Liters] and is the

unit of measurement used to for the concentration of a solution [M]. The initial moles of HCl
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was calculated by using the given Molarity of the HCl solution and multiplying it by the total
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amount of HCl dispensed into the anatacid tablet. Likewise, the number of excess moles of HCl
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was calculated by using the given Molarity of the NaOH solution and multiplying it by the total

amount of the NaOH dispensed into the antacid mixture.

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 After determining both the initial and excess moles of HCl, the number of neutralized

moles of HCl was determined using: [initial moles HCl-excess moles HCl=neutralized moles of

HCl]. The neutralized moles of HCl was then divided by the grams of tablet that was massed to

determine the total moles per gram of the tablet. The limiting reactant of the of the experiment

was the antacid tablet. The excess reactant was the HCl solution. After gathering the data for all

the antacids that were tested, it was hypothesized that the most effective antacid tablet would be

the tablet that had the highest moles per gram.

Procedure

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1) Chose a brand name of an antacid to determine how effective the antacid tablet is and

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which brand of tablet was the most cost effective. In this experiment, the Rugby Calcium

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Antacid Tablets were tested.
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2) Recorded information of the tablet such as: brand name, number of tablets, amount of

active ingredient, and cost of the bottle of tablets.

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3) Obtained 100 mL each of the HCl solution and the NaOH solution in two different
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beakers.
4) Obtained two burets and rinsed both with deionized water.
5) After pre-rinsing both burets with the solutions it will contain, each buret was filled up to
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approximately 25.00 mL of HCl in one buret and NaOH in another.

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6) Placed a weigh boat on the balance and zeroed the scale; massed one antacid tablet.
7) Placed the antacid tablet into an unused beaker and dispensed 25.00 mL of the HCl
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solution into the beaker.

8) Placed the beaker with the antacid mixture on the hot plate to heat gently for 1-2 minutes
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to help dissolve the tablets; brought the solution to a boil to dispel any undissolved CO2.
9) Added 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the antacid mixture.
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10) Titrated the antacid mixture with the NaOH solution until the end point was reached.
11) Recorded the exact amount of the NaOH solution that was dispensed into the antacid

mixture.
12) Repeat steps 6-11 for two more trials.

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 Results

Table 1- Experimental Data

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Grams of tablet: 1.313 grams Grams of tablet: 1.305 grams Grams of tablet: 1.300 grams
Amount of 25.00mL Amount of HCl 25.00mL Amount of 25.00mL
HCl added to added to tablet HCl added
tablet to tablet
Initial moles 2.55575 x 10-2 Initial moles of 2.55575 x 10-2 Initial moles 2.55575 x 10-2
of HCl mol HCl mol of HCl mol
Amount of 15.70mL Amount of 15.70mL Amount of 15.70 mL
NaOH added NaOH added to NaOH

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to excess added to

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excess tablet
tablet excess tablet

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Moles of 1.605011 x 10-2 Moles of 1.5722974 x 10-2

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Moles of excess 1.5722974 x 10-2
excess HCl mol HCl mol excess HCl mol

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Neutralized 0.00950739 mol Neutralized mol 0.009834526 Neutralized 0.01012077 mol
mol HCl rs e HCl mol mol HCl
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Grams/mol in 0.007536035249 Grams/mol 0.007785207692
Grams/mol in 0.00724097251 in tablet g/mol
tablet g/mol
tablet mol/g
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Average of 3 trials: 0.007520736731 mol/g

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Table 2- Class Data

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Brand Average mol Number of Cost

HCl/grams of tablet tablets/bottle
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Equaline 0.007758 mol/g 150 $4.50

Equate 0.0078706 mol/g 150 $2.00

Equate 0.007883 mol/g 125 $2.00

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 Rugby 0.007620 mol/g 150 $5.10

Rugby 0.007138 mol/g 150 $5.10

Rugby 0.0075207 mol/g 150 $5.10

Signative Care 0.0073156 mol/g 150 $3.99

Tums 0.006484 mol/g 150 $5.99

Walgreens 0.007370 mol/g 150 $4.99

Discussion

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A hypothesis was made that the antacid tablet with the largest number of moles/gram

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would be the most effective antacid tablet to treat heartburns. Table 1 shows the data collected

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for this experiment; table 2 shows the data collected from other groups in class. The results
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presented in table 2 concludes that the brand, Equate, is the “best antacid”. Since the average
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moles of HCl per gram of tablet is highest for that brand, it would be the most effective antacid.
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The Equate antacid pills are also cost effective since it is the lowest price out of all the other

antacid pills that were tested.

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Using the data in table 1, the moles of the hydrogen ion that was neutralized by the

antacid was calculated to be 0.27419 moles of H+ ion. The value was calculated using the
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average of the three trials, using the molar mass of the HCl solution, and converting using
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stoichiometric values. Next, the mass of active ingredient of the per tablet in the antacid mixture

was calculated based on the experimental data. This was determined by dividing the grams of
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each tablet that was massed by the total mass of the active ingredient on the bottle. For the first

trial, 2.626 grams of active ingredient was present; for the second trial, 2.61 grams of active

ingredient was present; for the third trial, 0.65 grams of active ingredient was present. The

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 percent by mass of the active ingredient in each tablet was found next. Percent by mass can be

found using [mass of CaCO3/mass of active ingredient stated on the bottle]. The percent by mass

was calculated out to be 2.0018 x 104%. Finally, the cost of the antacid per tablet was calculated

to be 0.034 cents and the moles of the H+ neutralized per cost per tablet was calculated out to be

8.0644 moles of H+. The values calculated above are essential in determining how cost effective

and effective the antacid tablets are.

Conclusion

In this experiment, the “best antacid” was determined. The data supports the fact that the

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Equate branded antacid tablets were both an effective tablet and were cost effective tablets. The

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moles per gram of the antacid of the “best antacid” was 0.007883 mol/g, with the cost of the

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tablets turning out to be $2.00.
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