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Geothermal For Everyone

This document discusses geothermal energy and its potential in Indonesia. It begins with an overview of geothermal energy, including early geothermal power plants established in Larderello, Italy (1913) and Wairakei, New Zealand (1958). Indonesia's first geothermal plant was built in Kamojang in 1983. The document outlines Indonesia's large geothermal potential of around 29 GW from over 200 locations. Direct uses of geothermal energy are also discussed, such as for palm sugar processing and tourism. The main methods of extracting geothermal resources - including dry steam, single flash, and binary plants - are explained. Challenges to developing geothermal energy in Indonesia include high
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
41 views

Geothermal For Everyone

This document discusses geothermal energy and its potential in Indonesia. It begins with an overview of geothermal energy, including early geothermal power plants established in Larderello, Italy (1913) and Wairakei, New Zealand (1958). Indonesia's first geothermal plant was built in Kamojang in 1983. The document outlines Indonesia's large geothermal potential of around 29 GW from over 200 locations. Direct uses of geothermal energy are also discussed, such as for palm sugar processing and tourism. The main methods of extracting geothermal resources - including dry steam, single flash, and binary plants - are explained. Challenges to developing geothermal energy in Indonesia include high
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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(Mannvit.

com)

(US Departement of Energy)

Geothermal For Everyone


Aditya Yuda Kencana
(thinkgeoenergy.com)

Agenda

Geothermal
Overview
Extracting
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal
Overview
Apakah Energi Panasbumi itu
Energi Baru dan Terbarukan ?
Lardarello, Italy, 1913
• 250 kW
• Dry steam
• 1940  130 MW http://www.reuk.co.uk/wordpress/geothermal/larderello-
worlds-first-geothermal-power-station/
• Hancur pada PD II
• Dibangun kembali dengan kapasitas
500 MW

https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-geothermal-power-
plant-in-larderello-tuscany-italy-86116588.html
Wairakei, New Zealand, 1958
• Uap – Air (2 fasa)
• Sampai 1963  192 MW

Thinkgeoenergy.com
The Geyser, Amerika, 1960
• Dry steam
• 1000 MW

Power-technology.com Thinkgeoenergy.com Merdeka.com


Kamojang, Indonesia, 1983
• Dry steam
• 30 MW
• 1987  140 MW
• Current  235 MW

https://www.shutterstock.com/video/clip-1020232420-aerial-view-
kamojang-geothermal-power-plant-garut

Thinkgeoenergy.com
pge.pertamina.com
Sistem panasbumi:
sistem transfer panas dari
dalam bumi (kerak bumi)
ke permukaan bumi:
• Konduksi: batuan
• Konveksi: fluida

(WWF-Indonesia) (US Departement of Energy)


Potensi
Indonesia
~29 GW
(US)

(USGS)
Geothermal potential resources: 253 locations
Total Potential: 29 GW
Present utilization aprox. 2270,7 MW
(Harijoko, presentation)
Sumatra
(tirto.id)

Sarulla
Production: 330 MW

Hochstein and Sudarman (2008)


Jawa
&
Bali

Hochstein and Sudarman (2008)


Kamojang ‘83
Reserves, 333 MW
Production 235 MW

Darajat ‘94
Reserves, 432 MW
Production, 270 MW
Thinkgeoenergy.com Thinkgeoenergy.com

Panasbuminews.com Geothermal-powerplant.blogspot.com Thejakartapost.com

Gunung Salak ‘94 Wayang Windu ‘99 Dieng ‘02


Reserves, 600 MW Reserves, 385 MW Reserves, 580 MW
Production, 380 MW Production, 277 MW Production, 60 MW + 10 MW
Sulawesi & Flores

Thinkgeoenergy.com

Lahendong
Cadangan: 175 MW
Produksi: 80 MW

Hochstein and Sudarman (2008)


1 Sumur Panasbumi 10 MW = 240 MWh
1 Liter BBM = 2.5 kWh
Sehingga:
1 Sumur panasbumi  Penghematan BBM 96.000 Liter/hari
(Herdianita, presentation)
Sustainable
Energy
(Lardarello 1911,
Indonesia 1983)

Positive
Impact to
National CO2 panasbumi:
Economy
Low-carbon
emission 1,5% coal PP
(local
infrastructure, Geothermal 2,7% gas PP
increase non tax
state revenue)
Energy
Benefits Availability Factor:
PLTP: 90 – 95%  24 jam sehari
PLTU: 60 – 80%
Renewable PLTA: 50%
High Energy – PLTS: 20%
Availability No fuel PLTB: 40%
required
(EBTKE, 2019)
(EBTKE, 2019)
Extracting
Geothermal
Energy
Pemanfaatan Energi Panasbumi
• Langsung  memanfaatkan secara langsung panas yang
terkandung dalam fluida panasbumi

• Tidak Langsung  memanfaatkan energi


panas untuk pembangkit panasbumi
Palm Sugar Processing, Lahendong

(Darma, et al., 2010)


Tourism, Cipanas, Jawa Barat

(Adityatama, et al., 2018)


Snow Melting

• https://nea.is/geothermal/direct-utilization/snow-
melting/
District Heating

(US Departement of Energy) (Saptadji, presentation)


• Paris, France
• Heated ±200.000
apartements
• 60-80oC water
• Wells 1.5 – 2 km deep
• Displace consumption
±170.000 tons oil 
±650.000 tons of CO2 per
year
Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2nd edition, 2004
Power
Plant
http://www.geothermal.ch/eng/vision.html
(US Departement of Energy)

Hot Dry Rock


• Batuan panas di bawah
permukaan
• Sumur di bor 3 – 6 km
• Diinjeksikan air (hydrofracturing), Fenton Hill plant
batuan rekah
• Air dingin di masukkan ke batuan
tersebut
• Air terpanaskan oleh batuan, air
panas digunakan untuk
pembangkit listrik
• (masih sangat mahal)
http://www.ees4.lanl.gov/hdr/
Extracting from Hydrothermal System

(US Departement of Energy)


Dry
Steam

(WWF-Indonesia)
Single
Flash

(US Departement of Energy)


Binary
Plant

(US Departement of Energy)


Pola Pengusahaan Panasbumi
• Jual Uap (Steam Sales Contract/SSC)
• Jual Listrik (Energy Sales Contract/ESC)

Pertamina/
JOC Pertamina- UAP PLN PLTP
Partner
PLTP Kamojang Unit 1, 2, 3

Pertamina/
JOC Pertamina- LISTRIK PLN
Partner
PLTP Darajat unit 3

(Saptadji, presentation)
Potensi Dampak Lingkungan
• Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK)  CO2, CH4, H2S, NH3  Hujan asam
• PLTP: 0,045 – 0,08 kg CO2 per kWh

• PLTU: 0,7 – 1,5 kg CO2 per kWh

• PLTG: 0,2 – 0,8 kg CO2 per kWh (IPCC, 2011)

• Pencemaran airtanah/tanah jika fluida terlepas (Ar, B, Hg, dll)  reinjeksi

• Kompetisi pemanfaatan air permukaan, jika kondensat kurang

• Microearthquake
• Pengeboran sedalam 4,8 km di Basel (Swiss)  gempa 3,4 MM

• Gempa di Salton Sea (US) akibat reinjeksi  umum terjadi


Pertumbuhan Energi Geotermal di Indonesia
8000
Target 2025:
7000 7200 MW

6000
Kapasitas Terpasang (MW)

5000

4000

3000
Tahun 2020:
2270,7 MW
?
2000

1000

0
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Tahun

(Data: EBTKE, 2020)


Panasbumi di Indonesia lambat, mengapa?
Kendala Eksplorasi
• Biaya eksplorasi mahal, pemboran 1 sumur USD 5-10 jt
• High uncertainty , high risk

Akses Lahan
• Terletak di hutan lindung/konservasi
ADA
Isu Sosial – Budaya - Lingkungan
• Ketakutan masyarakat akan rusaknya hutan dan airtanah
LAGI?
• Situs keagamaan (candi, tempat keramat, dll)

Resiko Pasar
• Single buyer : PLN
• Harga beli listrik belum komersial bagi pengembang
(Mannvit.com)

(US Departement of Energy)

QnA
Aditya Yuda Kencana | [email protected]

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