CHAPTER

ATOMIC STRUCTURE
LATEST SYLLABUS- Key Concepts /Concerns
Atoms, Molecules and Radicals
An atom is the smallest particle of an element.
.It is not capable of independent existence
he propertics of an element depend upon the atoms constitutingit.
A molcule is the smallest particle of an element or compound, capable of independent existence, Ito
one or more than one atom of the same or different elements.
Aradical is a single atom of an element or a group of atoms of different elements behaving as single uni
Itconsists
with a charge on group. t
and
Atomicity (no.of atoms in an entity) of elements and compounds - mono atomic, di atomic, tri atomic, Pols.
Aociate the first 20 elements in the periodic table with their names and symbols yat
Valecy is the combining capacity of an element or the number of Inydogern atoms with which it combines orrenl
Learning Outcomes:
detine atom, molecule and radical;
eplacs
discuss the significance of valencyofelements and radicals;
define valency in tems of number of hydrogen atoms combined or replaced by one atom ot the elementg
apply the definition based on hydrogen atom to find out the valency of other elements and radicals;
Correlate the valency of the elements with
group number of periodic table.

A. ATOMS, MOLECULES & RADICALS Introduction

1. INTRODUCTION
Matter is built of elementary particles i.e. ATOMS. MOLECULES. IONS
ATOM
.

[RADICALS|
It is the basic unit of matter.
An atom is the smallest particle of an element -
not capable of independent existence.
An element is made up of - only one kind of atoms.
Properties of an element - depend upon the atoms constitutingit

0 'H - hydrogen atom

- oxygen atom
MOLECULE
A molecule - is the smallest particle of - a substance i.e. element or compound.

A molecule - is capable of independent existence & retains the characteristics of the substana
A molecule- is formed when atoms of the -

Same element different elements - combine

O2 H +
+H H,O
oxygen molecule water molecule

RADICAL
A radical is a single atom of an element or a group of atoms of different element
behaving as a single unit and with a - charge on the group.
A radical takes part - unsplit in a chemical reaction &t retains its identity.

'NH- Ammonium radical

Group of atoms present - 1 atom of nitrogen & 4 atoms of hydrogen

o42
B .ATOM
Term, Structure & Modern Periodic Table
1 . ATOM- Term

1e Smallest particle of an
element - which is
atom is not made up of - only one kund of aro
An capable of
independent existence
The properties ot an
elemnt
depend upon - the atons constituling i.
ATOM- Basic structure
2.

Atoms are buit up of

sub-atomic particles-. PROTONS
Nucleus- in centre of the atom NEUTRONS .ELECTRONS|
.

contains protons & neutrons.

Orbits or shells are -

imaginary paths in which electrons revolve around the nucies.

e - electron
9p
PROTON
10n
NUCLEUS - contains NEUTRON
NUCLEUS
P-protons ELECTRON
An atom n neutrons

p-proton-has a jositTOediange |+1; e-electron has anegative charge[-1; n-neutron -has no cHauge
3.MODERN PERIODIC TABLE
Mendeleff [1869| - Classified elements systematically in a table c a l l e d - Moden Periodic Table|

THE PERIODIC TABLE SHOWING ELEMENTS- Atomic Numbers 1 to 10

GROUP GROUP
GROUP | GROUP GROUP GROUP GROUP GROUF
2 ATOMIC NUMBER
13 14 15 16 1 7 18
IAIIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA 0
N Symbol of element
PERIOD
H MASS NUMBER Nitrogen
14 Ke
1
Myodrogen Heliem

PERIOD 10
Be F Ne
2 Lithlum Berylium Soron
N
Carbenitrogan Orygen Fivorine Heon
9 12 14 16 19 20

In the Modern Periodic Table - atoms of all elements are arranged according to their
increasing order of - atomic numbers

Atomic number Number of protons Number of electrons

ATOMIC NUMBER-
Z

Carbon atom has

6p .6Atomic
protonsnumber
.6 electrons.6 neutrons
n |Z] = no. of protons Ipl = no. of electrons [ e ] |

Z 6 =
6
Carbon atom Atomic number of carbon is 6.

43
 of structure of
atom
Brief history of discovery
ATOM Ancient views
1. STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM as Dalton's
thtomic tha
-
represented at.

forth certain postulatos Dalton's atomic

John Dalton [18031 put
theory w a s s e e n to contradictatomic ory
Later the Modern atomic theory
of Dalton's atomic theory
by the - Modern
Contradiction MODERNATOMIC THEORY
DALTON'S ATOMIC THEORY destructible
Atoms a r e
-

Atoms are - indestructible are divisible &z consist of

Atoms
An atom is the indivisible, smallest
-

electros & neutrons.

protons,
particle of a n element.
element
Atoms of the
same

Atoms of the s a m e element are

may not
be alike as per the modern the
heo
alike in all respects that
& Dalton's atomic theory correlate
with thefact
The modem atomic theory in a chemical reaction.
atoms are the smallest unit of the matter taking part
2. ATOM - Brief history of discovery
J. J. Thomson [1897]
Electrons
Discovery of -

& concluded that

-

Studied the structure of the atoms

atoms are divisible & contain negatively charged particlesw

were called -
'electrons'.

Goldstein [1898)
Protons
Discovery of
-

of the atoms & concluded that

Studied the structure
neutral there must be
since all electrically
atoms are
in them which
residual positively charged particles
were called - 'protons'.

Rutherford [1911]
Atonic nucleus
Discovery of
-

concluded that
Studied the atomic model &
a centrally
located 'nucle -

atoms form a space with

the positive charge is - in the central nucleus.
around the nucleus.
Electrons a r e seen to revolve
-

James Chadwick [1932]

Neutrons
Discovery of
-

that
Studied the atomic model & concluded
in the nucleus of the atom are present
-

but mass almost

which have charge, equal
particles no
discoverv of 'neut
mass of the proton. This led to the
-

Further studies by Bohr led to the discovery of the moderm atomic theoy.
 O L E C U L E Term, molecules of element, molecules of compounds

term
MOL
LECULE - The
1 . Atoms o f the same element or dfferent elements
a -
molecule'
to form
bine

Atoms of same element Atoms of different elements

-

forming a molecule forming a molecule

H CI
H CI
Chlorine Hydrogen chloride
Oxygen Oxvgen Hydrogen molecule
atom molecule atom atom

aleczule is the smallest particle of a pure substance - element or compound

A
which can exist independently and
retain the physical & chemical properties of the substance

MOLECULE OF AN- Element

Amolecule of an element is formed from the -

same kind of atoms.

Elements-ofsame kind Molecule-of elements
Hydrogen molecule

Hydrogen atom H H

Nitrogen molecule

Nitrogen atom N N

3. MOLEcULE OF A - Compound
A molecule of a a compound -
is formed from -

different kind of atoms.

Molecule - of compound
Elements- of different kinds

Hydrogen [2 atoms| H
Oxygen [1 atom1 H

Water molecule

45
MOLECULE Atomicity
ATOMICITY The term
of an element.
lt is the number of atoms present in a - molecule
1. MONOATOMIC MOLECULE
knowm as
one aton is monoatos:
-

A molecule of an element composed of only -

mic moleg
eg. Noble gases
Xenon
Helium Neon Argon Krypton Radon
Kr Xe
He Ne Ar Rn
eg. Metals
Iron
Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesiunm
Fe
Copper
Na Ca Mg Cu
K

2. DIATOMIC MOLECULE
element composed of
-
two atoms is known as diatom1C mole
A molecule of an

e.g. Elementary gases

Chlorine Nitrogen
Hydrogen Oxygen
O2 Cl2 N2
H2
3. TRIATOMIC MOLECULE
three atoms is known
as - triatomic nole
element composed of
-

A molecule of a n

Ozone-O3
OzoneO3
4. POLYATOMIC MOLECULES
three atons is known
as -

polyatomic mola
of- more than
element composed
Amolecule of an Sulphur - Octatomic
Phosphorus - Tetratomic

S
S

S
Sulphur-S8
Phosphorus - P4

e46
p.RADICALs
- Term
R A D I C A L
1 .RAL

1 . nadical is a - single atom of an element or a

1. A radical

of atoms of different elements

group

a s a single unit and with

behaving
on the group.
a
charge
al takes part - unsplit in a chemical reaction & retains its dentity in reactions.
takes pa
radical
A
2.
RADICAL-Examples

Radical Representation Group of atoms present in a radical

A m m o n i u m
NH 1 atom of nitrogen; 4 atoms of hydrogen

Carbonate CO 1 atom of carbon; 3 atoms of oxygen

RADICAL
-

Types
3.
Radicals are of two
types
-

postroe & negative radicals.

Positive radical

which behaves like

is a radical
Ithvdrogen
-

or a nietal - in a chemical reaction. e.g. Ammonium radical: NH

Negative radical

It is a radical which behaves like a -

nO-metal - in a chemical reaction. eg. Carbonate radical: CO,*

Basic radical & acid radicals

A compound maybe considered to have
-

A positive part Jeg. metal or ammonium ion

A negative part leg. chloride, bromide, sulphate, nitrate etc.]
the acid radical.
The positive part is called the basic radical & the negative part is called
Positive part Basic radical Negative part Acid radical
Compound
Sodium nitrate Na* NO
Ammonium sulphate NH SO

N H
H H
ONS
exist as ions
Ina salt the positive & negative parts
-

The positively charged ions are calledcations e.g. Na- -

The negatively charged ions are called - anions e.g. NO

E. VALENCY
VALENCY Term
Valency of an element o r radical is the number of hydrogen atom
which can combine with or displace
one atom of the element or radical - forming à compound

Number of Combination with

hydrogen atoms Compound formed
One atom of hydrogen - H'
elements I radicals
COne atom of chlorine -

C Hydrogen chloride
'HCT
Naleney
de hChlorne

Two atoms of hydrogen 2H' One radical of sulphate -

SO Sulphuric acid
Sulphate
-

HO
Three atoms of hydrogen - "3H One atom of nitrogen N Ammonia
NH Nitrogn
Valency of some elements which do not combine with hydrogen - then becomes

the combining power of the element with an element whose valency is known.
eg Magnesium combines with oxvgen - forming magnesium oxide
hence valency of nnagnesiun1 is
-MgO
- Two.
Valency of oxygen is two

Chemical combinations:
Chlorine Hydrogen Hydrogen chloride HCI
1 atom 1 atom 1 molecule

Oxygen Hydrogen A Water H,O

1 atom 2 atoms 1 molecule

Elements thus have different combining capacity

In the above examples
Oxygen has twice the combining capacity of - chlorine.

The combining capacity is called its - valency.

V a l e n c y o f chlorine = 1; valency of oxygen = 2.

Valency - is a l w a y s a whole number

- of metals [& hydrogen] is positive e.g. Nal*
- of non-metals is negative e.g. CIl-
| Monovalent elements have valency one e.g. Kl*

Divalent elements have valency two e.g. Zn-*

Trivalent elements have valency three e.g. AS*

Certain elements -

exhibit variable valency Cul+ Cu2

i.e. have more than one valency Fe* Fes*

48
yALENCYC CHART of elements &
radicals
.VALEN
NCIES
Of commor elements - for reference
Monovalent Divalent
Trivalent Tetravalent

K1 Calcium Ca2
/Polassiunm Aluminium A
Sodium
Nal+
Magnesium Mg*
Zinc Zn2
Copper1 1
Cul+ Copper [11] Cu2
Iron i Fe2 Iron [I1] Fe3+
Hydrogen Hl+
H Lead [I1] Pb2 Pb4+
Lead [IV

CI Oxygen 02
Nitrogen N3- Carbon
C h l o r i n e

loxide nitride
jchloride)

B r o m i n e
Br Sulphur S2
bromide
sulphide]

Iodine

iodide

Of radicals
VALENCIES
2.
Monovalent Divalent Trivalent

Ammonium NH
Bicarbonate HCO Carbonate co Phosphate PO
Bisulphite HSO Sulphite so3
Bisulphate HSO Sulphate so
Nitrate NO
Hydroxide OH

3. VARIABLE VALENcIES Of common elements

Trivalent Tetravalent
Monovalent Divalent
Cul Cu
Copper Fe2+ Fe3+
Iron
Pb2 Pb4+
Lead

49
 CHEMICAL FORMULAS From symbols & valencies
F.
-

FORMULA The term

1.CHEMICAL of synbols.
-

.
It is the representation of a substance by means

.It denotes in a compound

-
The number of atoms of each elenentt present.
n.

No. of atoms of
Substance Symbols each element present
1 atom of-i Chen
orm
Sodium chloride Na (sodiun], CI |dhlorine (chloride)]1 atom of - Na, C
writing Method of
2. CHEMICAL FORMULA
SYMBOL VALE
.To write a chemical formula you should know- lof the element/ radicall of the
he eleme
ent| ta
Step 1 Write eachsymbol uwith its valency
Step I1 -

Interchange the valencies

III Write the interchanged nunber & hence the formula
Step -

MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE IRON I l OXIDE AMMONIUM CARBONA

1 1+. CO
3+
Mg. Fe 3
NH
2

Mg1 Cl2 Fe2 O3 (NH)2 CO

radical in bracket if 2 or a
lignore one] Formula = ( N H , ) ,
Formula = Fe,O,
Formula = MgCl2
2. WRITING A CHEMICAL FORMULA Elements & radicals with valen

Radical Formula
Compound Element

Potassium hydroxide Kl+ OH1- kK OH KOH

Nal+ OHl Na OH NaOH
Sodium hydroxide
Mg2 OH Mg OH Mg(OH
Magnesium hydroxide
Aluminium hydroxide A13+ OH- AI OH Al(OHh
Calcium nitrate Ca2+
NO Ca NOg Ca(NO,
Sodium bicarbonate Nal+ HCO Na HCO= NaHCO
| Ammonium sulphate NH,1+ SO NH,SO (NHJ)S0
Calcium phosphate Ca2
PO Ca PO Ca (PO
Na NO3 E NaNO
Sodium nitrate Nal+ NO1
Nitric acid Hl+ NO1 ANO HNO
Sulphuric acid Hl+ SO2
H 2
HSO
Carbonic acid Hl+
co2 =
HCO
Phosphoric acid Hl+
PO HPO HPO
a.CHEMICAL EQ
EQUATIONS
From chemical formulas
CHEMICA EQUATION The term
i c a lequation - is a representation through

. A.Umbols && formulas of the reactants & products involved in the reactio
-

th
chorthand torm -

representing the result of a chemical

change
is
.
It
entaion of a chemical equation
Represe

DILUTE
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Sodium chloride + Water

NaCl+ H,O

SODIUM
HYDROXIDE

Reactants Products

NaOH + HC NaCl+H,O
REACTANTS PRODUCTS

Na sodium 1 atom of Na - sodium

1 atom of
-

1 atom of O - Oxygen 1 atom of O - oxvgen

2 atoms of H - hydrogen 2 atoms of H - hydrogen

1 atom of Cl chlorine
1 atom of CI - chlorine
element of reactant/s No. of atoms of each element of product/s.
No. of atoms of each
Therefore the above equation is said to be a 'balanced equation'
a molecular equation:
can be represented by a word equation &
The above reaction Sodium hydroxide +hydrochloric acid sodium chloride + water
Word equation:
Molecular equation: NaOH HCI NaCl +H,O
An equation must be balanced to comply with the 'law of conservation of natter'|
chemical reaction.
which states that matter is neither created nor destroyed during a

Balancing an equation

H,+O H,O 2H+ O2 2H,0. Mg+ O Mgo 2Mg+ O >2MgO

Element Reactant Product Element Reactant Product Element Reactant Product
ElementReactant Product
H 2 atons 2 ato1s H 4 atons 4 atoms Mg 1 atonm 1 atom Mg 2 atoms 2 atoms
O2 atons 1 atom O 2 atons 2 ato O 2 atoms 1 atom 2 atons 2 atoms
Equation is - Equation is -
Equation is -
Equation is
Balanced Unbalanced Balanced
Unbalanced

o
 H. PERIODIC TABLE - Names & symbols of first twenty ol.

THE PERIODIC TABLE Showing elements-

atomic number 1 to 20 ement
Classifiend elements systematically
in a tabe calle«d Moder
|1869] -
Mendeleff
ti
Periodic "
ATOMIC NUMBIRR
Symbol of elemen
PRRIOD
O
Oxygon
H MASS NIUMBER
16
Hylregen

GOUP GoUP onoUPGROUP GROUP

roUP GROUP GoUP GROUP orouP
Be n h V v atvín VIT B c N
Li Boren Corbon Nitrgon Oxygen
uhnlerylum ATOM OF OXYGEN 11 12 14 16
9 1
At. No.8
O0. 6 17
PERHOD 11
Na Mg
'A i P
Aluminlum icon Phoephorus
S CI
Bukphar
3 Bodlm Magnoslum 27 28 31 32 355
23 24

PLRIOD 19 20
K Ca I:lec. Config. 2,6
Potevelm Calclum
Z P Ino. of electrons]
39 40 atomic no. Ino, of protons

NAMES, SYMBOLS & VALENCY Of the first twenty elements in the modern periodic t
Atomic
Metal, Non-metal
NAME SYMBOL Valency or Gas [noble gas
No. [Z]
H +1 Non-metal
HYDROGEN Noble gas
HELIUM He
Li 3 Metal
LITHIUM Metal
Be 4
BERYLLIUM Metalloid
B 5 3
BORON 6 4 Non-metal
CARBON
NITROGEN N
Non-metal
gas
8 Non-metal gas
OXYGEN Non-metal
FLUORINE F 9 Igas
Ne 10 Noble gas
NEON Na 11 1t Metal
SODIUM Metal
MAGNESIUM Mg 12

ALUMINIUM Al 13 3t Metal
Si 14 4 Metalloid
SILICON
15 3 Non-metal
PHOSPHORUS 13.51
SULPHUR S 16 Non-metal
CI 17 Non-metal
CHLORINE
ARGON Ar 18 0 Noble gas
POTASSIUM K 19 Metal
CALCIUM Ca 20 2 Metal

n52
 group number
P E R I O D I C
I C

TABLECorrelating valency of elements with group num

T A B L E

T A B L E
-

PERIOD
TABLE - Group number & valency
ERIODIC
Showing elements - atomic number - 1 to 20
T h p e r o d i c t a b l e

GROUPGROUPGROUP
GOU
GROUP GROUT 18
16
GROUPP

13 14| 15 VIA VIIA

A
IIA IVA|VAT
HeHothun
PODH 4
Myrogen

GROUP GROUP GROUP 10

5 GROUP GROUP GROUP GROUP GROUP GROUP GROUP
PERIOD Be
3
B IVB VB |VIB ViIB
8 9 10| 11|12
VITT B I B BBoron c N Mitroges Oxygen
F
Fhuoriee
Ne
Heon
Carbon
19 20
Berylium SODIUM ATOM 11 12 14 16
2 LINM

9
At. No. 11 18
13 16
Ar
AI Si
PERIOD
Na Mg
Sodium Magnesium
Aluminium Saicon Phorphorus
31
Sulphur Chlerine
32 35.5
Argon
40
3 27 28
23 24
11p
12n
PERIOD 199

Potassium Calcium

39 40
Elec. Config. 2,8,1

periodic table arranges elements in

-

increasing order of atomic numbers

The
The
horizontal rows called - 'Periods'
Seven'
Eighteen' vertical columns called Groups'
periodic table
i n the element.
atom of the
Groups
number Signifies of electrons in the outer shell of a n
the number
-

Croup
electrons in the outer shell of all elements
in a group - is the same
Number of
same
in the s a m e group of the periodic table have
-

Hence all elements

Valency & similar "Chemical properties. outer shell].
are dependent on -
the number of electrons in the
chemical properties GROUP17
GROUP1 GROUP 2

Valency Valency
Valency
Elements
Lithium Li 1 Beryllium Be 2 Fluorine F
Chlorine CI
11
Sodium Na 1 Magnesium Mg 2 1
2t Bromine Br
Potassium K 1 Calcium Ca
Highly reactive non-metals
Highly reactive metals Less reactive metals
Properties Good conductors of Bad or non-conductors of
Good conductors of
-

heat & electricity heat& electricity.

heat& electricity
donate accept
-

or
of electrons a n atom can
.Valency - is also the number of the nearest noble gas.
electronic configuration
-

so as to achieve stable
lon formed Nearest noble gas Valency
Nal+ [2, 8] Neon [Ne] [2, 8] 1
Na [2, 8, 1]
CI [2, 8, 71 +
el e Cil [2, 8, 8] Argon[Ar] |2, 8, 8] 1

53
 EXERCISE
Atomic Structure
of the
eaning of term atom
a b] molecule cl
-

meaning
the
S t a t e
radical -

with a suitable example

he basic structu of an atom representing its -
2 Draw the
a l Subatomic particles
b Nucleus cOrbits or shells.
Modern Periodic 1able - atoms of all elements are
In the
creasing order
der of atomic nun1bers. An atom of
- arranged according to the their
what would be its atomic number. nitrogen has seven protons & seven electrons.
State

State
she
the
main
points
main points of contradiction of Dalton's atomic theory by the Modern Atomic Iheory.
the same elem
ement or different elements combine to form a molecule'.
oms of
5. ATOo examples each of - a atoms of the same element bl atoms of different elements

combining to form a molecule.

the term
6. Explain the -

atomicity'. Give reason why

a
al Helium is consider monoatomic, but ydrogen a diatomic molecule.
Orone is considered triatomic, but phosphorus a tetratomic molecule.
the atomicity of the following -
7. State
a Neon b] Oxygen c Chlorine d Argon e Sulphur
8. 'A radical takes part unsplit in a chemical reaction & retains its identity in reactions.
With reference to the radical - a ammonium
b] bisulphate c) carbonate
state the group of atoms present in each radical.

Differentiate between the tollowing with suitable examples

A basic radical & a acid radical

10. Name the cation and the anion in the salt - calcium sulphate.

11.Explain the term - "valency'. State giving reasons the valency o f -

al chlorine in hydrogen chloride b] sulphate in sulphuric acid

cnitrogen in ammonia d magnesium in magnesium oxide.

12. Give the symbol and valency of the following elements & radicals.
al potassium b] sodium c] hydrogen d] calcium e] aluminium f] magnesium gl zinc
h] chlorine [chloride] i] sulphur [sulphide] j] nitrogen [nitride] k] oxygen [oxide]
ammonium m] bicarbonate n] nitrate o bisulphate pl bisulphite q] hydroxide
rcarbonate s sulphate t sulphite
13. Give an example of three elements exhibiting variable valency.

14. State what is meant by the term - 'chemical formula'. Give the chemical formula of -

a sodium hydroxide b sodium nitrate c sodium bicarbonate d] sodium sulphite

e magnesium nitrate f| ammonium sulphate gl carbonic acid h calcium phosphate
5. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium hydroxide'. Give a word equation & a molecular
equation of the same. Is the equation written, a balanced equation. Give reasons.
6
tate what the group number in the Modern Periodic Table signifies. Give a reason why
elements in the same group, have similar valency & similar chemical properties.

e5
 OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
Atomic Structure

correct words from

the brackets.
Fill in the blanks with the
Q Iwater /chlorine/ ammoniaj
1. A molrule of an element is of oxygen is
A radical with one atom of sulphur & three atoms
bisulphite/sulphate/sulphite].
3 An element with variable valency sodium/copper/calcium|
AISO,/AlSO)/AI,O,),1
4 The formula of aluminium sulphate is
Periodic Table with valency 1" belongs
5. Theelement lithium in the Modern
tao
the
[2/11
below:
2 S e l e c t the correct answer from A, B, C, D & E for eachstatement given
E: Radical
A: Molecule B: Orbits C: Atom D: Valency
existence.
1. The basic unit of matter not capable of independent
&
of independent existence which
The smallest particle of a substance capable
rn
2.
-

retaine
characteristics of the substance.
difterent elements beha
of a group of atoms of
3. An elementary particle of matter
-

aving
single unit with charge on the group.
revoive.
around the nucleus of an atom in which electrons
4.Imaginary path
5. The term for the combining capacity of an element or the number ot hydrogen atom
which it combines or replaces.

correct from List II

Match the radicals in List I with their
names
Q.3 List II
ListI
A: Bisulphite F: Sulphate
1. NO Nitrate
B: Phosphate G:
2 HSO C: Carbonate H: Phosphite
3. SO4 2-
D: Nitrite I: Sulphile
4. PO3
E: Bicarbonate J: Bisulphate
5. HCO
from the list given:
Q.4 State the correct formula of the following
Ca,OH /Ca(OH)2/ CaOH
1. Calcium hydroxide
2. Sodium bisulphite NaHSO,/ Na,HSO,/ NaHSO
3. Ammonium sulphate (NH,)SO4/NH,SO3/ (NHJS0,
4. Aluminium phosphate -Al(PO)3/AlPO,/ Al(PO),
5. Copper [|] nitrate Cu(NOJ2 / Cu2NO3 /CuNO,
Q.5 Name the following:
1. A molecule of a compound containing two oxygen
atoms && one nitrogen atom.
2. The radical containing one nitrogen & four hydrogen atoms.
3. The compound formed when iron [Fe"] combines with oxygen [0].
4. The group of the Modern Periodic Table to which calcium [Ca2*] belongs.
5. A non-metal which forms a polyatomic molecule with more than three atoms.

56