Answer key

Unit 1 5
1 last year  2 all morning  3 yet  4 before 
1a (pages 4 and 5) 5 since the age of sixteen  6 in the past  7 so far  8 just
1 6b
b 1 A: Have you finished using the computer yet? I need to
2 check my emails.
1 b  2 b  3 b  4 c  5 a  6 a B: Yes, I have. But the internet connection has been a bit
funny.
3 A: What do you mean? Haven’t you been able to connect
1 truth (line 6)  2 strength (line 9)  3 warmth (line 18)  or has it just been slow?
4 length (line 25)  5 depth (line 36) 2 A: How has your visit to Scotland been? Have you had a
4 good time?
1 is dying out (line 1–2), France is changing and perhaps B: Well, the weather has been terrible, but apart from
becoming (line 29–30) that, it’s been wonderful.
2 we work with (line 3–4), we chat to (line 4), they reserve A: No, it hasn’t been a very nice summer, but I’m afraid
(real intimacy) (line 32) that’s pretty typical.
3 friendships have lost (line 9), you have ever visited (line 17) 7
4 have been declining (line 12) 1 I think my parents’ generation has been quite lucky.
5 2 My parents worked hard all their lives, but they both
1 have you spent or have you been spending retired when they were sixty and they’ve been given good
2 Do you consider pensions. So now they can relax and enjoy themselves.
3 do you have 3 They’ve said that they don’t want to be a burden on us,
4 is still increasing and that they don’t expect us to look after them when
5 Have you made they get old.
6 have you known 4 Considering that my husband and I will probably have to
7 do you see work until we are 68, I’m glad they said that.
8 do you look for
1c (page 8)
6
1 intimate, close, strong  2 strong  3 close, true  1
4 complete  5 casual c
7 2
1 student  2 companion  3 acquaintance  4 flat  1 F  2 T  3 T  4 T  5 F  6 T  7 F  8 F
5 blood  6 passing
3
8 1 a  2 a  3 c  4 b  5 b  6 c
1 serious, good fun
4a
2 laid-back
1 dynamic  2 fantastic  3 economics  4 generation 
3 unreliable
5 restriction  6 tradition
4 energetic
Rule: The penultimate syllable is always stressed.
5 shy, outgoing
6 considerate 4b
specific italics terrific scientific characteristic 
9
impression relation interruption transformation 
1 out with  2 up with  3 on  4 round  5 by  6 up with 
comprehension
7 up
1b (pages 6 and 7) 1d (page 9)
1 1
1 T  2 F  3 T  4 F  5 T  6 F 1 –  2 for  3 –  4 –  5 about  6 –  7 on  8 from  9 in 
10 with
2
1 rate  2 boom  3 retirement  4 lifestyle  2a
5 expectancy  6 developed 1 PPS  2 PPC  3 PPS  4 PPC

3 2b
1 has declined, was 1 present perfect continuous
2 have improved, did 2 present perfect simple
3 ’ve also learned 3
4 has made, didn’t have 1 been wondering  2 been working  3 decided 
5 have increased, was 4 been helping  5 finished  6 lost
6 has risen, ’ve been spending or are spending
4
4 a Fancy bumping into you here
1 have raised, hasn’t been b What a nice surprise
2 has been encouraging, have reduced c it obviously suits you
3 have gone, was d how’s it all going with you
4 had, has been going e Do give her my best regards
5 has been looking, has had f great to see you
g Good luck with the job

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 5a 3
1 are things 1 a  2 b  3 b  4 c  5 b
2 I’m doing fine
3 ’re looking very well 4
4 ’s been ages 1 drove  2 made  3 arrived  4 was getting  5 climbed 
5 should probably get back 6 had gone  7 were hanging  8 put  9 moved  10 trapped
6 I’ve got to rush 11 stood or was standing  12 had crushed or was
crushing  13 hadn’t told  14 had already been waiting 
6 15 had decided
Students’ own answers.
5
1 b  2 a  3 c
1e (page 10)
6
1 1 had been cycling  2 had left  3 started 
1 g  2 c  3 f  4 e  5 a  6 d  7 b 4 was shining  5 checked  6 cut
2 7
1 you’re able to get by (manage) 1 crashed  2 top  3 stuck  4 cat  5 sung  6 drunk
2 I got a letter (received)
3 I’m trying not to get too excited (become) 8
4 to get a job (obtain) 1 drama  2 background  3 main  4 key  5 setting 
5 Eva is going to get married (be) 6 theme  7 moving  8 touching  9 funny  10 filmed
6 when you get a moment to write (have)
9a
3 The tenses used to describe the film are: present simple,
1 understand  2 put down or stop speaking on  present continuous and present perfect.
3 bought  4 arrive at or reach  5 take or catch 
9b
6 recover from  7 won  8 find or bring or fetch
1 gives  2 begin  3 reaches or has reached 
4 4 grow or are growing  5 are getting
1 received or got  2 am  3 arrived or got  4 sounds 
5 have had or have been having  6 were or got  2b (pages 14 and 15)
7 hope  8 have recovered
9 hasn’t become or hasn’t got / doesn’t become or doesn’t get 1
10 sounds  11 don’t think  12 have ever experienced  1 That they walk hundreds of miles (across Antarctica) to
13 has happened  14 am trying or have tried or have been reach their breeding ground.
trying  15 haven’t been  16 find or get  17 helped or has 2 The struggle between life and death.
helped or has been helping  18 don’t really understand or
2
don’t really get
1 have chicks  2 their young  3 dramatic 
Wordbuilding / Learning skills / Check! (page 11) 4 predictable  5 in such hard conditions

1 3
-ful: respectful, helpful, successful (also ‘careful’) 1 are left, is described
-ish: foolish, childish, selfish 2 was made, was (also) inspired, was impressed
-ive: sensitive, decisive, supportive 3 haven’t (really) been approached
-ious/-ous: ambitious, adventurous, humorous 4 will not be fed
-ent/-ant: dependent, confident, patient 5 can be (easily) predicted
-al: practical, emotional, traditional 4
-ing: caring, controlling, loving 1
-ate: considerate, fortunate, passionate was also inspired by the incredible beauty of Antarctica,
2 the action is described by a narrator
Possible answers: They haven’t really been approached by humans before
1 dependent  2 caring  3 traditional  4 patient  I was really impressed by that
5 controlling  6 practical  7 humorous  8 fortunate  2
9 successful  10 ambitious are left (by the females)
will not be fed (by their mothers)
3 where the film was made (by the director)
1 decisively  2 take  3 indecisive  4 conclusion can be easily predicted (by us / by the filmmakers)
4 5
Students’ own answers. 1 The original French version of March of the Penguins was
released in 2005.
5 2 In 2006 it was given the award for best documentary by
1 b  2 a  3 a and c  4 c  5 b the Academy of Motion Arts and Sciences.
3 The film can be seen in over twenty different languages.
Unit 2 4 In the English version, the penguins’ voices had been
changed to the voice of a narrator.
2a (pages 12 and 13) 5 The film has been praised for its interest and beauty by
critics all over the world.
1 6 Comparisons between the lives of penguins and humans
b have also been made.
2
1 b  2 c  3 c  4 c  5 a

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 Answer key

6 2e (page 18)
1 I am often asked that question
2 All of them have been challenged by difficult situations. 1a
3 You are not bothered by the cold so much. or You are not whispered, replied anxiously, moaned, muttered, cried
bothered so much by the cold. 1b
4 So (your) movement must be kept to a minimum. 1 c  2 b  3 g  4 d  5 e  6 a  7 f
7a 2a
1 were  2 been  3 will  4 are  5 is  6 was, been 1 He said, ‘ What a surprise! ’
8 2 ‘ I know, ’ she said , ‘ that you don’t like eating spicy food.’
1 engage, tell  2 present  3 expressed or summed up  3 ‘ Do you agree? ’ he asked.
4 share  5 brought  6 express or sum up 4 ‘ I don’t agree, ’ he said.
9 2b
1 setting for; thought-provoking book ‘I don’t think this is going to work,’ Christopher
2 characters are you and me and every other typical passenger sighed. ‘We’ve been trying to build this canoe for three days
3 book is based on conversations that the author had and it still looks like a lump of wood. The wood’s too hard,’
4 The idea behind it; can portray modern civilization he added. ‘Actually, Christopher,’ said Jen encouragingly,
‘we are making some progress. What we really need to do is
find some better tools.’ Just then Tom screamed, ‘I’ve got it!
2c (page 16) Instead of using our penknives directly on the wood, why
1 don’t we make some better tools using our knives?’
1 T  2 T  3 T  4 F  5 F 3
2 Model answer:
1 children; adults  2 fairy tale  3 sadness  4 moved  ‘Look out,’ screamed Fergus, ‘I think he’s angry now.’ The
5 moral lessons two friends edged nervously backwards as the snake turned
its head to face them. Josh had thrown a large rock at it,
3 hoping that this would frighten it, but it seemed that it had
1 a fine-looking  2 watches closely  3 stops to rest on  had the opposite effect. Now Josh was looking around for
4 asks  5 people  6 days  7 becomes ill  8 destroy something else to hit the snake with. ‘Where’s a stick when
4 you need one?’ he muttered. ‘Too late for that,’ said Fergus.
1 a  2 b ‘Let’s get out of here.’ And with that, he leaped towards the
trees and started running.
5
1 kept their promise Wordbuilding / Learning skills / Check! (page 19)
2 kept an eye on 1
3 keep him company 1 made  2 take  3 shared  4 paying  5 catch  6 take 
4 keep track of 7 get  8 telling  9 expresses  10 catch  11 committed 
5 keep a record 12 do  13 give  14 makes
6 keep a secret
2
2d (page 17) 1 b  2 a  3 a  4 b  5 b  6 a
1 3, 4 and 5
1 tore  2 broke  3 stuck  4 made  5 froze  6 burst Students’ own answers.
2 6
a What a 1
b That was a a documentary 
c How or That was b a children’s story or fairy tale 
d How or That was c a fantasy film
e What 2
f How a film director or producer 
g Poor b author or writer 
h What a or That must have been c racing driver
i How or That must have been
3
j What a or That must have been a
a keep 
b nightmare 
Possible answers:
c flames
1 a or c  2 a or j  3 a or c or i  4 c  5 a  6 a or j
3 Unit 3
1 Hannah’s passport was out of date. 3a (pages 20 and 21)
2 She went to the passport office in London to get a new
passport. 1
3 Very stressed. c
4 2
1 Poor  2 awful  3 luck  4 stressful  5 sympathize  6 same 1 rich  2 increase  3 more  4 look after them   5 8.3 
6 there are three ways
6
Students’ own answers. 3
1 rises  2 boost  3 grown  4 increase  5 peak
6 decrease or decreasing  7 fall  8 go down 
9 lessening  10 reduce

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 4 3c (page 24)
1 reduce  2 grow or increase or rise  3 fall or go down
4 reduce or lessen  5 increase or boost  6 increase 1
1 b  2 c  3 c  4 b
5
1 will have, will be 2
2 will rely 1 2007; 6,000  2 99.9%  3 6  4 700  5 30  6 2010
3 I’ll tell, I’ll be, doesn’t start 3
4 won’t solve 1 works  2 provides  3 contains  4 lasts  5 weighs  6 run
5 is going to
6 I’m going, begins 4a
1 /ɪ/  2 /ɪ/  3 /aɪ/  4 /ɪ/  5 /aɪ/
6
1 Are you going or Are you going to go 5
2 are you getting or are you going to get 1 neat  2 appropriate  3 consuming  4 handy  5 cutting  6 fix
3 ’ll probably drive or ’m probably going to drive
4 ’ll go 3d (page 25)
5 ’ll give 1
6 are you leaving or are you going to leave 1 blocked  2 loose  3 stuck  4 broken  5 cracked 
7 starts 6 squeaking  7 blank  8 faulty
8 ’ll finish or ’ll be finished
2
7 Possible answers:
1 etcetera  2 contributed  3 lot  4 fifteen  5 years  1 blank, cracked, faulty
6 powerful  7 motives  8 meet  9 secretly  2 loose, squeaking, stuck
10 years 3 broken, faulty
4 blocked, cracked
3b Smart technology (pages 22 and 23) 5 broken, faulty, loose, squeaking
1 3
Items mentioned: kitchen gadgets, water use, 1 ceiling fan
sound-proofing, visual media, lighting 2 it doesn’t look very safe or may have become loose
2 3 use the desk fan
1 a  2 b  3 c  4 c  5 c  6 b 4 TV
5 the screen is blank
3 6 switch the monitor on separately or use the on/off button
1 b  2 f  3 a  4 c  5 e  6 d on the screen (rather than the remote control)
4 4
1 will be hearing  2 will be making  3 will all be 1 wonder, look
using  4 will have become  5 will be using  2 seems to be
6 will be cleaning  7 will be installing  8 will have 3 working, may
become  9 will be launching 4 supposed, won’t
5 get, whatever
5
6 tried
1 will be doing   2 will be cleaning  3 will have developed
7 try
4 will be doing  5 will have been  6 won’t have acquired
5
6
The two verbs which do not fit the stress pattern are:
1 cardboard  2 brick  3 Cotton  4 leather  5 concrete 
highlight and open
6 rubber
7 3e (page 26)
1 d  2 e  3 c  4 f  5 a  6 b  7 g  8 h
1
8 1 Please can/could I pick up my bicycle on my way home from
1 information age, information overload, information work tonight? or Can/Could I please pick up my bicycle on
technology my way home from work tonight? or Can/Could I pick up
2 data security, data storage my bicycle on my way home from work tonight, please?
3 computer games, computer graphics, computer 2 I wonder if you can/could help me.
programmer 3 Do you have any idea where I can find a battery charger
for my old phone?
9 4 Could you send me an instruction manual for my washing
1 data security  2 information age  3 computer machine, please? or Could you please / Please could you
graphics  4 data storage  5 information overload send me an instruction manual for my washing machine?
10 5 Please can/could you advise me how to … or Could you
1 The weekday edition of The New York Times contains more please advise me how to …?
information than the average person in 17th-century 6 Do you know what the phone number for Apricot
England learned in a lifetime. Computers is?
2 Around a thousand books are published internationally 7 Would you mind showing me how to use Powerpoint?
every day and the total of all printed knowledge doubles 8 Could/Can you please tell me what number I should call
every five years. to get technical advice?
3 More information has been published in the last thirty 2
years than in the previous 5,000. a interest  b practice  c business  d print  e date 
f order  g way  h luck

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 Answer key

3 5
1 g  2 a  3 e  4 d  5 h  6 c  7 b  8 f 1 each, all  2 no  3 both  4 any  5 Every  6 no 
7 whole  8 Either
4
Model answer: 6
1 no  2 all the  3 the whole  4 each  5 Both
Hi Jim
7
I hope all is well with you. I tried to call you earlier, but I 1 artwork  2 exhibition  3 artist  4 gallery  5 street 
couldn’t get any answer. I wonder if you could help me. 6 artistic  7 fine  8 arty
I’ve just bought a new hi-fi system, but I can’t set it up.
The speakers aren’t working, but I don’t understand the 8
instructions. Would you mind calling me some time? I’ll 1 The message was clear: is this how far we have come
be at home this evening. since the Stone Age?
2 Often it carries a political or social message, but in an
Many thanks amusing way that ordinary people can relate to.
Sam 3 Despite not calling himself an artist, his work has been
shown in galleries and has sold for thousands of dollars.
4 Banksy, who is based in the UK, is perhaps the world’s
Wordbuilding / Learning skills / Check! (page 27)
best-known graffiti artist.
1 5 Banksy loves to surprise. In 2005, a picture showing a
address book primitive human being pushing a shopping cart appeared
battery life in the British Museum.
credit card
The correct order is: 4, 3, 2, 5, 1
data protection
information technology
news story 4b (pages 30 and 31)
instruction manual 1
travel agent 1 show, performer  2 gig, venue, band  3 exhibition,
2 gallery  4 buskers, halls  5 play, musical
1 estate, travel 2
2 office, kitchen 1 Batman Live, This is Design
3 bottle, can 2 The Alternative Village Fete, Notting Hill Carnival
4 video, board 3 The Alternative Village Fete, Notting Hill Carnival
5 coffee, lunch 4 The Alternative Village Fete
6 ironing, message 5 The Floating Cinema
3 6 Notting Hill Carnival
1 travel agent, credit card 7 Batman Live
2 information technology, instruction manual 8 The Alternative Village Fete
3 news story, video game 3
4 credit card, coffee break or lunch break 1 communal  2 float  3 eye candy  4 mundane 
4 5 take for granted  6 workshop
Students’ own answers. 4
5 1 a little  2 enough  3 a lot of, A large number of 
1 gadget  2 lazy  3 overpopulation  4 by  4 plenty of, no  5 a lack of  6 many  7 hardly any 
5 appropriate  6 luck 8 a bit of
Word: global 5
1 number  2 no  3 several or some  4 plenty or loads or lots 
5 any  6 few
Unit 4
4a (pages 28 and 29) 4c (page 32)
1 1
1 In the first photo, the graffiti has been drawn on public 1 country music  2 dance music  3 (punk) rock (music) 
walls. In the second photo, the graffiti is part of a piece of 4 hip-hop (music)
artwork.
2 Students’ own answers. 2
Suggested answers:
2 a 3  b 1  c 1  d 4  e 2  f 2
1 being put in jail
2 shouldn’t 3
3 the property owner 1 Country; real
2 influences
3 3 teenagers; rock
1 c  2 b  3 c  4 c  5 a  6 a 4 sounds; technology
4 4
1 every member of the club 1 be connected to  2 escape  3 seem true  4 discover 
2 either method works or either method would work 5 think of  6 (not) be important
3 any celebrities at the opening night
4 all our money 5
5 countries have their own laws and rules 1 He spends a fortune on clothes every month.
6 whole world is waiting to see what will happen 2 I spent two hours trying to find their house.

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 3 She spends money like there’s no tomorrow. to see him. He’ll be at the Bristol Comedy Club until
4 We haven’t spent much time together recently. Saturday 10th December. You’ll be smiling for weeks
5 They spent £20,000 on renovating their house. afterwards!
6 See how you manage, but don’t spend ages on it.
7 Why don’t you spend the night with us on Tuesday? Wordbuilding / Learning skills / Check! (page 35)
8 She has spent her whole life trying to help people.
1
4d (page 33) 1 bookshop  2 book club  3 booking  4 fully booked 
5 bookish  6 booking office  7 bookkeeper  8 bookmark 
1 9 do things by the book  10 booklet
1 the Amazon River (and the people who live and work
around the river)  2 He likes the presenter. 2
1 fully booked  2 bookkeeper  3 bookmarks  4 booklet 
2 5 booking  6 bookish
1 X  2 X  3 X
4
3 1 no, not really.
1 kind of thing  2 feel particularly inspired  3 a big fan of  2 /ˈkʌmftəbl/
4 got on my nerves  5 listen to him  6 a bit tired of 3 You use either + singular noun, but both + plural noun.
4 Yes, ‘it gets on my nerves’.
4 5 American
1 I could listen to Bach all day. 6 Yes, it’s quite direct.
2 Documentaries don’t really do anything for me.
3 I’m not really into TV. 5
4 I’m not particularly keen on the presenter. 1a full  b Melbourne  c such
5 I get a bit tired of reality TV shows. 2a a few  b folk  c fine (art)
6 I don’t generally watch much TV or I don’t generally 3a an impersonal tone  b a lot of luck  c spend a fortune
watch TV much. 4a gig, busker  b gallery, arty  c play, musical
5
1 documentary  2 everywhere  3 specifically  4 interest 
5 separate  6 restaurant  7 listener  8 general
Unit 5
5a (pages 36 and 37)
6
Students’ own answers. 1
1 F  2 T  3 T  4 F
4e (page 34) 2
1 1 back to normal 2 floods or flood waters, winds  3 resettle 
a I, we and you; it  b active; passive  c contracted; 4 co-ordinated  5 depressed  6 safe  7 imaginative or
uncontracted d formal e Avoid f furthermore  innovative  8 practical
g Share 3
2 1 to be  2 seeing  3 to hold  4 to return  5 to resettle 
Possible answers: 6 building  7 seeing  8 wondering
1
I’ve got to admit that 2 I’m 3 not a big fan of stand-up 4
comedy. 4 I always think that it’s a rather unnatural verb + to + infinitive: ask, help, hope, want
thing. The comedian 5 stands up in front of an audience who verb + someone + to + infinitive: allow, ask, get, help, want
stare at him or her as if to say, ‘Come on, then, make me verb + -ing: carry on, enjoy, imagine
laugh.’ The comedian then has a few minutes to make them verb + someone + infinitive: help, make
laugh or the audience will start to get restless. It’s all a bit
too aggressive for me. 6 So when 7 I went with an old school 5a
friend to see new British comedian Spencer Brown last verb + to + infinitive: choose, learn
Tuesday night at the Bristol Comedy Club, 8 I wasn’t really verb + someone + to + infinitive: force, teach
looking forward to it. verb + -ing: avoid, finish, involve, (not) mind
verb + someone + infinitive: let
1 contraction
2 contraction 5b
3 personal details 1 to visit  2 rebuild or to rebuild  3 to participate  4 doing 
4 share your feelings 5 to work  6 learning  7 to do  8 meeting
5 active verb
6 conversational linking phrase 6
7 active verb 1 pedestrian  2 centre  3 residential  4 luxury  5 spaces 
8 share your feelings 6 blocks  7 park  8 centre

3 7
Possible answers:  1 knock down  2 turn into  3 spoil  4 modernize 
1 But  2 weren’t  3 the rest of the audience seemed to like 5 redevelop
his act  4 start  5 you think at first  6 then or after that
8a
7 that’s  8 putting together  9 in fact or actually
The fact that most people have returned says a lot about
4 how special this city is. The people who live here can’t
Model answer: imagine living anywhere else.
The secret of the show’s success is that Spencer Brown I’m a musician and making a living in New Orleans has
really understands his audience and what people find always been a challenge. We hoped to see more investment
funny. Not only that, but he comes across as a nice guy in jobs and tourism after the hurricane.
too. If you are in Bristol, I’d definitely recommend going But since Hurricane Katrina, life has definitely become

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 Answer key

harder. I love this city, but these days, I’m forced to go out 4
of town to find work. 1 I find it
2 I agree completely
Answer: Yes, the resident is happy living in New Orleans. 3 The thing is
8b 4 absolutely
1 can’t imagine living  2 hoped to see  3 ’m forced to go 5 For me,
6 make much more sense
7 understand
5b (pages 38 and 39) 8 you also need to consider
1 9 I’m more concerned
Sentences a and b are true of Monterey today. 10 Not necessarily.
2 5
1 T  2 N  3 F  4 T  5 T  6 T  7 F  8 T 1 I know and I agree completely.
2 The thing is, it’s our taxes they’re spending.
3 3 For me, that would make much more sense.
1 dynamic  2 join (in) the party  4 I understand why you say that.
3 just like that  4 old-timers  5 set up  6 sample 5 But actually, you also need to consider all the old people.
4 6
1 dynamic  2 industrial  3 attractive  4 preserved  Students’ own answers.
5 regulated  6 essential
5 5e (page 42)
1 NC  2 NC  3 C  4 C  5 NC  6 NC  7 C  8 C 1
6 1 B  2 D  3 A  4 C
1 going  2 putting  3 catching  4 to say or saying  2
5 fishing  6 to make  7 to go  8 eating c quoting what someone (often famous) has said about this
7 problem
1 to visit  2 to see  3 to open  4 to do  5 having 3
8 Possible answers:
China – minor placed – taste (giving a dramatic example) You used to be able to drive
found – drowned rule – tool from Washington to Boston, a distance of 450 miles, through
front – hunt way – weigh rich, green landscape. Now the only green you see is the
meant – sent whale – they’ll paint on people’s houses!
ocean – motion where – share (giving some statistics) In the United States, the area
between Boston and Washington DC, a distance of 450 miles,
5c (page 40) is now a massive urban region with a population of about
fifty million – that’s almost 17% of the US population on 2%
1 of the US land area.
1 in later life  2 things  3 talk  4 technology  5 three
4
2 1 In addition
1 language ability, overall development and success (in life) 2 Because of this; As a result
2 in, off 3 on the other hand
3 seeing the child as a true conversation partner or having a
conversation with your baby/child 5b
4 that babies respond to what you are saying a long time 1 … three acres of land, the house comes with a swimming
before they can speak pool. or … coming with three acres of land, the house has
5 digital media a swimming pool.
6 thirty million 2 … rising crime, people have moved out of the centre. or …
a rise in crime, …
3 3 … a good bus service, we have excellent roads into the
1 key  2 spatial awareness  3 commentary city centre. or … having a good bus service, we have
4 facial expression  5 interacting  6 statistic excellent roads into the city centre.
4 4 … restrictions on building on green spaces, we are starting
1 behind  2 for  3 through  4 apart  5 out  6 over or off to redevelop city centres.
5b
Wordbuilding / Learning skills / Check! (page 43)
commentary  dominate  empathy  influence  powerful
ability development technology 1
1 badly, well
5d (page 41) 2 short-term, long-term
3 newly, well
1 4 highly, well
1 d  2 e  3 g  4 a  5 c  6 f  7 b 5 quietly, highly
2 6 poorly, cleverly
1 public  2 local  3 green  4 pedestrianized 7 culturally, socially
5 leisure 8 reasonably, extremely

3 2
Conversation 1: b 1 long-term unemployed
Conversation 2: e 2 reasonably well-off

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 3 quietly confident popularity in recent years.
4 cleverly designed 4 I don’t think it’s a bad trend because it means that people
5 badly prepared discover more about their own country, and at the same
6 culturally mixed time, they boost the local economy.
7 highly educated
8 newly built 6b (pages 46 and 47)
4 1
Possible answers: 1 print off boarding pass
• It doesn’t say who wrote it, but it doesn’t seem to be a 2 buy guidebook and suntan lotion
travel article. The interest seems to be from an urban 3 check travel insurance is up to date
development perspective. 4 write down contact details or write contact details down
• The main argument is that a fantastic city has grown 5 get vaccinations before travelling
up in a place you would not expect it, because of one 6 check passport is valid
person’s dream and ambition.
• The writer doesn’t say whether he/she likes what has 2
happened to Dubai or not, but he/she seems uncertain 1 consultancy-type roles  2 highly skilled professionals 
that it will be a long-term success. 3 four to six months  4 no costs
• I agree with the writer’s argument. It seems an 3
unsustainable development. 1 c  2 b  3 a  4 c  5 c  6 b
5 4
1 c  2 c  3 c  4 a and c  5 b 1 rewarding  2 tough  3 lasting  4 fresh  5 suited to 
6 flexible
Unit 6 5
6a (pages 44 and 45) 1 do you  2 wouldn’t it  3 is it  4 didn’t you 
5 mightn’t there  6 wouldn’t I
1
Speaker 1: c 6
Speaker 2: e 1 me what kind of expenses you cover
Speaker 3: f 2 it would harm my future career to take time away from
Speaker 4: b work to volunteer
The two extra items are a and d. 3 Wouldn’t you like to use your skills to help others
4 if there are organizations which offer long-term
2 volunteering jobs for inexperienced people
Speaker 1: d  Speaker 2: f  Speaker 3: b  Speaker 4: a 5 It’s a bit selfish to volunteer just because you want to
The two extra activities are c and e. travel, isn’t it
3 6 Surely it’s more interesting to see another country as a
1 a  2 b  3 b  4 b  5 c  volunteer rather than as a tourist

4 7
1 Let’s not pretend   6 I hope not 1 F  2 F  3 R  4 R  5 R  6 F  7 R  8 F
2 Don’t answer   7 not to let the children
3 You don’t have to do know 6c (page 48)
4 not to go   8 you really mustn’t let 1
5 I don’t think it’s Items on NG Endeavour: cruises: a swimming pool, a
extravagant library, professional photographers, kayaking trips, wildlife
5 excursions, expert guides
1 I’m afraid not, sorry. 2
2 I don’t think it’s a great idea. 1 fishing  2 sun  3 fitness  4 lounge  5 Islands  6 kayaks
3 Let’s not do anything to upset them. 7 naturalist  8 $1,000  9 day  10 Ecuadorian
4 I hope I didn’t give her the wrong impression.
5 You don’t have to give the book back to me immediately. 3
6 Try not to be late, please. 1 comfortable  2 educational  3 adventurous  4 expensive
7 You mustn’t take food into the library.
4
8 None of them (there) knew the answer, not even the teacher.
1 sleek  2 cranes  3 base  4 unique  5 remote
6
5
1 off or holiday  2 catering  3 scenery  4 view 
1 If you had a cruise in mind, try one of Lindblad’s
5 airlines  6 luggage or baggage  7 journey or drive or way 
expeditions.
8 countryside  9 took  10 suitcase or bag
2 If you don’t mind a bit of danger and excitement,
7 Lindblad cruises are perfect.
1 sunbathing  2 guided  3 souvenirs  4 snorkelling  3 I meant to book this holiday, but I’ve had a lot on my
5 sightseeing  6 riding  7 eating out  8 beachcombing mind (lately).
4 Bear in mind that these are not typical cruises.
8 5 I used to think that cruises were for the retired, but I’ve
1 In tough economic times, people will try not to spend so changed my mind now.
much on luxuries and that includes holidays. 6 I’m in two minds about going on one of their cruises.
2 However, they don’t want to go without a holiday
altogether, because holidays are an important break from 6b
the stresses of work and daily life. 1 Don’t  2 No  3 It doesn’t  4 No  5 Don’t  6 It doesn’t
3 You don’t have to go abroad to go on holiday. You can
have a staycation instead. These have increased in

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 Answer key

6d (page 49) 3
1 reason for writing  2 link the ideas  3 examples 
1 4 spelling
1 in  2 up  3 to  4 on  5 out  6 on  7 up  8 out or down
4
2 1 Because it’s a letter of complaint to a person you don’t
1 He’s working. or He’s at work. know.
2 He’ll get a bus, then walk. 2 Reason for writing; details or facts about the incident;
3 At Steve’s office. action wanted
3 3 At the time (that); consequently; otherwise; Given these
1 The easiest thing is to take the bus. circumstances
2 Alternatively, I can (just) take a taxi. 4 formal
3 I can make my own way. 5 She didn’t want to delay other passengers; it’s not
4 It’s only a fifteen-minute bus ride. unreasonable to wear a coat onto a plane
5 I’m coming in by train. 5
6 If I get held up, I’ll let you know. 1 She took a Japanese holiday in her own city (New York).
4 2 voluntourism
1 drive  2 flight  3 ride  4 walk  5 ride  6 crossing 3 in a prison hotel
4 in an art hotel, e.g. Propeller Island City Lodge,
5a in Berlin
1 d  2 b  3 a  4 e  5 c 5 couch surfing
6
Students’ own answers. Unit 7
6e (page 50) 7a (pages 52 and 53)
1 1
1 She had to pay £30/extra charges to carry her coat onto Speaker 1: e
the plane. Speaker 2: d
2 She wants a refund and she wants the airline to Speaker 3: a
investigate the matter. Speaker 4: c

2 2
1 Oxford  2 customer – company  3 formal a 2  b 4  c 2  d 1  e 3  f 4

3 3
1 register a complaint  2 unjust  3 stated  4 informed  1 b  2 a  3 a  4 c  5 b  6 a
5 placed  6 attempted  7 wished  8 opted  4
9 these circumstances  10 investigate 1 are, provide
3b 2 don’t, are
Model answer: 3 don’t, decide, will make
4 try, will end
Dear Sir/Madam 5 are, have
I am writing to register a complaint about the meal we were 5
served on our flight home last week – flight UZ332. On   1 ’ll feel, manage
the booking confirmation it stated that we would be given   2 promise
breakfast and lunch. However, breakfast only consisted of   3 ’m going to reserve or ’ll reserve, is
a cup of tea and lunch a tuna sandwich. By itself, this would   4 will get, returns or has returned
not have been a problem, but I regret to say that my husband   5 ’ll just read, ’m waiting or wait
and I both suffered food poisoning from the sandwich.   6 hear or ’ve heard, ’ll let
  7 wins, ’ll take
4   8 find or ’ve found
Model answer:   9 ’ll cook, get
Given the circumstances, I would ask you to do two 10 won’t have or doesn’t want to have, ’s living
things. Firstly, please ensure that in future communication with 6
passengers you make it clear what kind of meal will be served. 1 brought  2 spoil  3 punished  4 tell  5 disobey
Secondly, please ensure that the food which you provide is 6 nagging  7 rebelled  8 give  9 reward
fresh and has not been stored in the wrong conditions.
7
Yours faithfully Everything depends on what you see as the future role of
Thomas Garcia your children. In other words, what is it that you are raising
them to do?
Wordbuilding / Learning skills / Check! (page 51) Do you want them to be good members of society?
If so, you will teach them values such as obeying the
1 law, co-operating with others and generally being
1 in  2 out  3 out  4 in  5 out  6 in  7 in  8 out  good citizens.
9 up  10 in Or do you want them to be successful individuals?
If so, you will help them to be free thinkers and to be
2
independent.
a fall out (with)  b take in  c drop in (on)  d look in (on)
Or is it important that they are good family members? Then
e fall in (with)  f look out  g give in (to)  h take out 
you will teach them to respect their elders and to follow
i drop out (of)  j give up
family traditions.

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 7b (pages 54 and 55) 2
1 romantic
1 2 magnificent
b 3 bright red
2 4 spectacular, colourful, magical
1 b  2 c  3 a  4 a  5 c 3
3 1 takes place  2 marks  3 begin  4 highlight  5 gathers 
1 used to eat  2 weren’t used to seeing  3 would use  6 dancing
4 would have  5 are used to eating  6 have got used to
eating  7 usually eat out  8 are used to seeing  9 used to Wordbuilding / Learning skills / Check! (page 59)
eat  10 usually eat
1
4 1 bits and pieces   7 life and soul
1 didn’t use to cook  2 used to cook  3 wanted  2 bride and groom   8 plans and arrangements
4 used to hang or would hang  5 was  6 had  3 husband and wife   9 pomp and ceremony
7 used to cook or would cook  8 were used to doing or 4 food and drink 10 singing and dancing
used to do 5 friends and family 11 suit and tie
6 fun and games 12 time and trouble
5a
/uː/: blue, lunar, rude, suit, truce 2
/juː/: consume, fortune, humanity, humour, menu, 1 pomp and ceremony  2 time and trouble  3 bits and
used, usually pieces  4 life and soul  5 friends and family  6 suit and tie
6 5
1 P, SF 1 in  2 out  3 at  4 of  5 up  6 to  7 with  8 off
2 D, F
3 F, P or S, SD
4 P, SD or D Unit 8
8a (pages 60 and 61)
7c (page 56)
1
1 1 target  2 come  3 live  4 aim  5 have  6 achieved
1 F  2 F  3 T  4 F  5 F  6 T
2
2
1 d  2 b Speaker Their ambition What they were doing
before
3
1 rather  2 Unlike  3 little  4 such  5 At worst 1 Rhea to help children get working for a big
a good education insurance company
5
1 all the same 5 a difference of opinion 2 Sasha to work in the art (went to art college)
2 the same coin 6 no difference world painting as a hobby
3 a different matter 7 a different tune working as a waiter /
4 the same thing 8 the same boat working in bars

7d (page 57) 3
1 a  2 c  3 b  4 b  5 c  6 c
1
1 honeymoon  2 reception  3 stag  4 veil  5 engagement  4
6 groom or bridegroom  7 fiancé(e) 1 b  2 b  3 a  4 a  5 b  6 b

2 5
1 It’s a sign of wealth and social status. 1 had felt, would have carried
2 Because the bride didn’t go out to work (so this was her 2 hadn’t told, wouldn’t be
financial contribution to the marriage). 3 were still learning, would probably be
3 the bride’s family 4 was, wouldn’t have moved
4 the groom’s family 5 hadn’t found, wouldn’t have been
5 They bring gifts. 6 hadn’t had, probably wouldn’t be receiving
6 clothes and jewellery 6
3 Suggested answers:
1 symbolizes  2 rule  3 customary  4 marks  5 occasion 1 If she were/was a (more) ambitious person, she would
6 place  7 traditional  8 On have applied for the job of director.
2 If I hadn’t met my (German) wife, I wouldn’t be living in
4 Germany now.
1 /z/ 2 /s/ 3 /z/ 4 /s/ 5 /s/ 6 /z/ 7 /s/ 8 /s/ 3 If I were/was a risk-taker, I would invest my own money
9 /z/ 10 /s/ 11 /z/ 12 /z/ in the business.
5 4 If she had received more encouragement, she would have
Students’ own answers. become a pilot or she wouldn’t have given up her plan of
becoming a pilot.
5 If I were/was worried about the situation, I would have
7e (page 58) said something about it.
1 6 If he hadn’t left college and become a ski instructor,
1 e  2 c  3 a  4 d  5 b perhaps he wouldn’t be so happy with his life.

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 Answer key

7 4
1 C  2 W-W-C  3 C-C  4 W-C  5 W-C 1 ’d prefer not to do
2 ’d rather do
8 3 be happy to help
1 make  2 do  3 did 4 ’d be better
9 5 ’d rather go
1 make, do 6 prefer doing
2 doing, made 5
3 made, do 1 Would you prefer  2 Shall we take 
4 doing, make 3 Would you rather we went  4 Do you like

8b (pages 62 and 63) 8e (page 66)

1 1
b 1 Speaking loudly on mobile phones is anti-social.
2 No, he doesn’t agree. He says speaking loudly is social,
2 not anti-social. It encourages people to be more open with
1 N  2 T  3 T  4 N  5 T  6 N  7 T  8 F each other.
3 2a
1 legacy  2 passing (her) by  3 excuse  4 alternative  1 a call to someone to get up, a reminder to buy something
5 unlikely  6 support from the shops, asking someone to get out of the
4 bathroom
1 would stop  2 could  3 had travelled  4 were  2 when people speak loudly on their mobile phones just to
5 hadn’t  6 would change  7 hadn’t started  8 didn’t have show off

5 2b
1 ’d left (= had left) Example answers:
2 ’d stop (= would stop) 1 shops or restaurants
3 had 2 shops or restaurants
4 were or was 3 the train or the underground
5 would take 4 what they are doing or where they are or how long they
6 would turn are going to be or what they’re going to eat for dinner
5 what they are doing or where they are or how long they
6 are going to be or what they’re going to eat for dinner
1 match  2 ship  3 chew  4 Swiss  5 shock  6 bass
3
7 a (ought to know better)
I am very suspicious of bucket lists now. They started out
4
as a good idea, but like a lot of things they have become too
1 be better  2 go one better  3 know better  4 be better off
commercial. In bookshops you now find titles like 100 Places
You Must Visit Before You Die or 100 Films You Should See. And
if your dream is to hold a baby tiger, there are even websites
Wordbuilding / Learning skills / Check! (page 67)
you can go on where they can make your wish come true. 1
1 plumber  2 florist  3 translator  4 banker  5 pharmacist
8c (page 64) 6 librarian  7 accountant  8 specialist  9 surgeon 
10 consultant  11 inspector  12 optician
1
1 forest, Cancún, no  2 giraffe, yes  3 tree, Britain, yes 2
1 a salesperson  2 a police officer  3 a fire fighter 
2 4 an actor  5 a flight attendant
1 F  2 T  3 T  4 N  5 N  6 F
4
3
1 Globalization helps people in rich countries.
1 rotting  2 classic  3 sale  4 victims  5 heroic 
6 wonderful  7 small  8 rarest 2 They can have goods out of season.
3 But to be honest, I don’t need flowers imported
4
1 classic  2 a victim  3 buried  4 for sale  5 rotting from Africa in December.

5 6
Emotive words: back-breaking, desperate, majestic Across: 2 rocket  5 lemur  6 girl  7 been  9 to  10 if only
11 invisible
6 Down: 1 goal  3 target  4 ambition  8 noise
1 rescue  2 deprived  3 giant  4 exploit  5 wonderful 
6 most threatened  7 over-developed Unit 9
8d (page 65) 9a (pages 68 and 69)
1
1
Across: 2 criticise  5 urge  6 begs  7 ask  8 deny
1 d  2 a  3 f  4 b  5 e  6 c
Down: 1 accuse  2 complain  3 threaten  4 suggest
2
2
They mention: b, d, e
1 cover, 1982
3 2 photo, magazine or Magazine
1 rather not do  2 ’d prefer to do  3 mind helping 
3
4 someone else did  5 ’d probably be better  6 like doing
1 F  2 T  3 F  4 T  5 F  6 F  7 T  8 F

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 5 3
1 of manipulating reality. 1 biased  2 fundamental  3 overwhelming 
2 altering the image or that they had altered the image. 4 distorts  5 proportionate
3 doing anything wrong. or that they had done anything wrong.
4 modern technology for making it easy to alter images. 4
5 their designers (that it is OK) to alter images for covers. 1 b  2 b  3 a  4 a
6 about being given a false impression. or that they had 5
been given a false impression. 1 word of mouth
7 not to trust a photo if there’s anything important 2 eat my words
depending on it. 3 one person’s word against another’s
6 4 don’t take my word for it
1 for invading  2 (for) taking  3 for manipulating  5 gave his word
4 to alter  5 using  6 to add  7 for making  8 to accept 6 From the word go
7 was lost for words
7 8 have the last word
1 recommends using an analogue camera
2 encourages you to look at the preview before you take a 9d (page 73)
photo; keeps you in the moment
3 that with a digital camera you need more time to edit the 1
images after they’ve been taken 1 take (D)  2 gets (B)  3 believe (B)  4 exaggerate (D)
4 you can make them look like the image as you saw it 5 surprise (B)  6 take (D)
2
9b (pages 70 and 71) 1 He was seen/spotted by a theatrical agent and they want
1 to work with him / sign him up.
1 b  2 d  3 a  4 c 2 Kate
3 Not to tell anyone. Patrick wants to keep quiet about it.
2
a 3  b 2  c 3  d 4  e 1  f 1 (or 3)  3
1 about  2 apparently  3 reckons  4 pinch 
3 5 to  6 heard  7 gossip  8 seems, supposedly
1 donations  2 zimmer frame  3 brainchild  4 brighten up 
5 plunged  6 speeding 4
1 comedy 2 festival  3 apparently 4 reckon  5 according 
4 6 difficult 7 agency  8 theatrical
1 it is estimated that rioters (story 1)
2 The café owner was reported to have put (story 2) 5
3 It is believed that (story 3) Students’ own answers.
4 He is not thought to have been speeding (story 4)
9e (page 74)
5
2 is known 5 was thought 1
3 used to be believed 6 was said The correct order is: C, A, D, B
4 has been estimated 2
6 1 C  2 A  3 D  4 B
2 was hoped that 3
3 used to be thought that 1 Whatever the reason
4 isn’t recommended 2 The problem is that
5 is expected that, will carry on 3 What is more
6 was said to have prevented 4 It is hoped that
7 was considered to be or was considered to have been 5 But now
8 has been reported that 6 at the same time
7 4
1 charming 1 One resident described his life in Bama. ‘I have everything
2 amusing I want here,’ he said. ‘I can go fishing when I want to. I
3 inspiring don’t have any stress.’ And then he added, ‘Why would I
4 engaging want to go and live in the city?’
5 astonishing 2 ‘Some people come here to take wedding photos,’ said
6 optimistic another resident, ‘which is fine. But when they leave their
8 rubbish behind, I get very angry.’
a optimistic 3 A health tourist said, ‘Before I came here I could hardly
b amusing breathe or speak, because the pollution in my city was so bad.
c astonishing Now I sing every day,’ he said with a big smile on his face.
d engaging, charming
e inspiring Wordbuilding / Learning skills / Check! (page 75)
9c (page 72) 1
1 worrying  2 confusing  3 refreshing  4 charming 
1 5 inspiring or touching  6 depressing  7 touching or
b inspiring   8 tiring
2 2
1 a particular  2 two experts  3 man-made  4 both views  1 inventive  2 persuasive  3 creative  4 competitive 
5 working for tobacco companies  6 amount of real evidence 5 productive  6 talkative  7 protective  8 attractive

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 Answer key

3, 4 and 5 2
Students’ own answers. 1 c  2 b  3 c  4 a  5 b  6 b
6 3
1 1 a  2 b  3 c  4 b  5 c  6 c
Possible verbs:
a agree, offer, refuse, swear 4
b advise, beg, convince, invite, persuade, recommend, urge, 1 … could be a medical breakthrough that will save
warn millions of lives.
c accuse (... of), blame (... for), congratulate (... on), praise … millions are dying from the same drugs that are
(… for) supposed to cure them.
2 2 … is a low-tech tool which detects disease by analysing
a iconic  b ageing  c zero bodily fluids.
3 3 … does not surprise people who know her.
a mouth  b good  c gossip  d headline(s) 4 A new foundation she has launched …
5 Positive results, which show up in less than a minute, …
6 she prepared for her college entrance exams, for which
Unit 10 she studied for up to twenty hours a day.
10a (pages 76 and 77) 7 no one monitors patients to see what is working and what
isn’t.
1
1 small village in Illinois 5
2 radio broadcaster; (an) actor (in films and television) 1 where or in which  2 which  3 who 
3 the Soviet Union 4 what  5 that or who or no pronoun  6 that or which or
4 read the lines/words he was given by his advisors no pronoun  7 with whom  8 whose
5 listen to people or make people feel special 6
6 (great) economic growth 1 The piece of paper, which is the size of a postage stamp,
2 could save thousands of lives. or The piece of paper,
1 b  2 a  3 a  4 b  5 b  6 a which could save thousands of lives, is the size of a
postage stamp.
3 2 The charity ‘Diagnostics for All’, which was co-founded
1 graduated  2 worked  3 follow or pursue  4 joining  by Sindi, produces the tool. or The charity ‘Diagnostics
5 did  6 become for All’, which produces the tool, was co-founded
4 by Sindi.
Countries: the United Arab Emirates, the Netherlands 3 The tool will be used in developing countries where it is
Places: the Amazon River, the countryside, the Moon difficult to find clinics.
Times: the weekend, (the) spring 4 People say things about existing drugs, which I agree
Others: the police, the poor with. or People say things about existing drugs, with
All the other nouns take zero article. which I agree. or I agree with the things (that) people say
about existing drugs.
5 5 The results show up on the paper, whose colour changes
1 the  2 the  3 the, the  4 a  5 the  6 –, the  if there is a problem.
7 –, –  8 –, –, –  9 the, the   10 – 6 Sindi went to England when she was a young woman.
6 7 Sindi, who was the first Saudi woman to study
biotechnology at Cambridge University, later went to
1 /r/  2 /j/  3 /w/  4 /j/  5 /r/  6 /r/  7 /j/  Harvard. or Sindi, who later went to Harvard, was the
8 /w/  9 /w/ first Saudi woman to study biotechnology at Cambridge
University.
7 8 Sindi has become an inspiration for other women who
1 I guess I was lucky to do a subject that not many other people want to follow her example.
at college did. I studied plant sciences and after my course, I
got a job as a research assistant at the Institute of Botany. 7
2 It’s not easy to be an artist and make a living from it. You 1 She believes that new technology which was created at
are always wondering if it would be better just to get a job Harvard University will make it possible. or She believes
with a regular income. that new technology which has been created at Harvard
3 I was always told that having good qualifications and the University will make it possible.
right degree opens doors, but actually it’s good communication 2 The first thing I ask the children who are attending the
skills that help you advance in an organization. class is to draw a picture of a scientist.
8 8
1 background  2 experience  3 qualifications  1 suffering  2 living  3 designed  4 determined 
4 qualities  5 knowledge  6 talents 5 wishing  6 launched, wanting

10b (pages 78 and 79) 10c (page 80)

1 1
1 My mission is to find simple, inexpensive ways to Things to tick: an anti-slavery campaigner, a spy, a nurse, an
monitor health army officer, a mother, a writer, a public speaker
2 these medicines can cause liver damage 2
3 The small piece of paper is a low-tech tool 1 b  2 b  3 c  4 a  5 b  6 c
4 to attend university
5 I want all women to believe in themselves and know they can 3
transform society or to encourage young women who attend 1 next door or bordering
university abroad to bring their skills back to their homelands 2 a wonderful place

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 3 strong-willed, wanting to succeed in something very much 4 aim, goal, ambition, passion, interest
4 the money you get (from a company or the state) when 5 which or that
you retire 6 can
5 the right for women to have a say in who is elected for 7 have
public office
4a Wordbuilding / Learning skills / Check! (page 83)
1 effective oOo 5 persuasive oOo 1
2 impressive oOo 6 sensitive Ooo The verbs which do not collocate are:
3 supportive oOo 7 decisive oOo 1 do  2 make  3 get  4 make  5 acquire  6 win  7 own 
4 positive Ooo 8 talkative Ooo 8 work  9 earn  10 take on
4b 2
Rule for words that end with vowel + -tive: 1st (or 1 took  2 follow  3 get or do  4 had  5 get or gain 
antepenultimate) syllable is stressed. For other words, the 6 joined or set up  7 got or gained  8 acquire or learn
2nd (penultimate) syllable is stressed.
3
5 1 d  2 f  3 h  4 b  5 e  6 a  7 c  8 g
1 conscious
2 control 4
3 interest 1 felt  2 definite article  3 acquire or get  4 yes 
4 made 5 semi-formal
5 help 5
6 confident 1 a a mahout  b Daniel Kish or the ‘real-life’ Batman
2 step, mankind
10d (page 81) 3 a the Atlantic Ocean  d the USA  e the Moon
1 4 a which is also used (= a defining relative clause)
1 in  2 with  3 at  4 of  5 to  6 with  7 on  8 about b where it is often key (= a non-defining relative clause)
2
A job to lead outdoor activities and expeditions for young Unit 11
people. 11a (pages 84 and 85)
3 1
1 c
Applicant 1: very good with children
Applicant 2: canoeing, water sports and outdoor activities; 2
good organizational skills 1 b  2 c  3 c  4 a  5 c  6 a
Applicant 3: good at a number of different sports;
experienced PE teacher 3
1 aim  2 extinct  3 record  4 diversity  5 centuries 
2 6 express  7 huge  8 understand
Applicant 1: hasn’t got experience working with this age
group 4
Applicant 2: hasn’t got experience of mountaineering 1 succeeded in discovering
Applicant 3: hasn’t got experience of leading expeditions 2 were able to help
3 managed to build
4 4 was able to help
1 participating  2 to leave  3 travelling  4 doing  5 could bring
5 to work or on working  6 to find out or in finding out 6 couldn’t save
6 5
Students’ own answers. Possible answers:
1 managed to find or was able to find or succeeded in
10e (page 82) finding
2 could speak or was able to speak
1 3 didn’t manage to convince or didn’t succeed in
a 4  b 1  c 2  d 3 convincing or weren’t able to convince
2 4 couldn’t understand or wasn’t able to understand
1 which has 5 could express or was able to express
2 with an interest in 6 managed to get or succeeded in getting; could only
3 with an ambition to work remember or was only able to remember
4 who has a passion for 6
5 who has specialist knowledge of 1 take  2 acquire  3 unaware  4 engage  5 get  6 inspire
6 with experience in
7 with limited access 7
8 who loves teaching 1 picked up
2 inspire or motivate or engage with or connect with
3 3 unaware of
1 c  2 f  3 e  4 b  5 a  6 d 4 get or understand
4 5 get or understand
Possible answers: 6 take in or understand
1 enthusiastic, creative, flexible, adaptable, etc. 8a
2 with 1a Munichi  b Wappo
3 specializes 2a Swarthmore  b Pennsylvania

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 Answer key

3 a Arunchal  b Koro 11c (page 88)

4 chary
5 floccinaucinihilipilification 1
1 border collie  2 crow  3 dolphin  4 Bonobo monkey 
8b 5 scrub-jay
a 5  b 2a  c 4  d 1b  e 3b
2
a 3  b 4  c 1  d 5  e 2
11b (pages 86 and 87)
3
1 a 2  b 3  c 5  d 1  e 4
a 2  b 1  c 3
4
2 1 smart  2 inventive  3 playful  4 expressive 
1 T  2 F  3 F  4 N  5 F  6 F  7 F  8 T  9 T 5 mischievous
3 5
1 block (something) out  2 ran into  3 came up (to)  1 walk  2 late  3 mistakes  4 tricks  5 lesson  6 live 
4 turned out (that)  5 come across  6 get away with 7 way  8 heart
4
Text 1 11d (page 89)
1 My sister and I were just about to go to bed … or were
just going to go to bed … 1
2 My sister was going to say goodnight … or was about to 1 mean  2 speak  3 explain  4 ’m  5 saying  6 give 
say goodnight … or would have said goodnight. 7 take  8 catch or hear

Text 2 2
3 I would have asked his name … or was going to ask his 1 Greek and Roman history
name 2 He doesn’t have as much background knowledge as the
4 I was supposed to know … other students.
3 Reading some history or a book by Herodotus.
Text 3
5 who was going to give evidence in court … or was 3
supposed to give evidence in court … or was about to 1 what the course is going to be about
give evidence in court … 2 no previous knowledge of ancient history is needed
6 her neighbour wasn’t going to get away with it … 3 stories like the war at Troy and so on
4 a book I could read now, outside class
5 5 Herodotus
1 was going to write or would have written
2 was just about to book, would be full 4
3 would speak 1 me  5 me  6 me
4 would have lasted or was supposed to last, were about to The other sentences don’t need an indirect personal object.
finish or were going to finish 6
5 was going to take or would have taken or was supposed to Students’ own answers.
take
6 was just about to ask or was just going to ask 11e (page 90)
6a 1
1 I was going to email him, but I decided it would better to 1 c  2 e  3 d  4 b  5 a
speak face to face. The writer’s application for a course has been rejected even
2 He was supposed to get here early, but he’s already though he/she applied before the deadline.
ten minutes late.
3 I would have come by train, but there’s a strike on at 2
the moment. 1 While we sympathize with your situation, it is too late to
4 She said she would be pleased if I talked to him, but she do anything about it now.
seemed really angry. 2 Although you sent your form in before the deadline, we
5 I was about to buy a flat, but Katie said I could rent hers had already received too many applications.
for six months while she was away. 3 You say in your letter that we have no right to do this,
6 Liz was going to be in charge of the project, but now she’s but in actual fact, the college has the right to close the
just acting as an advisor. application process early.
4 We don’t ‘make up the rules as we go along’ as you suggest.
6b On the contrary, we are very careful to follow the rules.
1 I was going to email him, but I decided it would better to 5 Whereas most colleges would keep your application fee,
speak face to face. we are refunding it to you.
2 He was supposed to get here early, but he’s already
ten minutes late. 3
3 I would have come by train, but there’s a strike on at the Model answer:
moment.
4 She said she would be pleased if I talked to him, but she Dear Sir/Madam
seemed really angry. I am writing to inform you that I will be unable to attend
5 I was about to buy a flat, but Katie said I could rent hers the accountancy course (B102) this term owing to a
for six months while she was away. misunderstanding.
6 Liz was going to be in charge of the project, but now she’s
just acting as an advisor. When I enrolled for the course, I had assumed it was an
evening class. In actual fact it turns out to be on Tuesdays
7 between 10 a.m. and 12.30 p.m. I have asked my employer
1 c  2 d  3 a  4 e  5 b if it would be possible to release me for this period each

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 Tuesday. Although they would like to do this, they say that 4 You only don’t only risk losing the money, but you also
the timing makes it impossible. risk putting the borrower in a difficult situation.
5 We need both types of person, but only if they lend and
While I realize that this is probably my fault for not reading borrow only responsibly.
the timetable carefully enough, I hope you will be sympathetic.
I hope to enrol on a future course, but for the moment I would 6
be grateful if you could refund the course fees I have paid. 1 Some people believe that if you go through life ONLY
saving money, you will never have any fun. or Some
I look forward to hearing from you. people believe that if you ONLY go through life saving
Yours faithfully money, you will never have any fun.
2 Some people carry on spending money EVEN when they
Mark Riley can’t afford to.
3 You can protect yourself against bad times by putting
Wordbuilding / Learning skills / Check! (page 91) aside JUST a small amount of money each week.
4 If ONLY a few people save money, the banks won’t have
1
any money to lend to others.
1 point  2 company  3 tip  4 spare  5 room 
5 It’s not JUST me who has debts; other people have them
6 value
too.
2 6 Some people say that your attitude to money is JUST to
1 b  2 a  3 b  4 b  5 a  6 a do with your upbringing. or Some people JUST say that
your attitude to money is to do with your upbringing.
3, 4, 5 and 6 7 Most people are ONLY careful with money when times
Students’ own answers. are hard.
7 8 Some borrowers admit that sometimes EVEN they borrow
1 succeeded  2 engage  3 managed  4 late  5 experience  money irresponsibly. or EVEN some borrowers admit that
6 reality sometimes they borrow money irresponsibly.
Character 1: SEMLER 7
7 catch  8 clever  9 heart  10 explain 1 payments  2 spending  3 investment  4 loan  5 savings 
Character 2: ALEX 6 borrowing  7 debts  8 earnings
8
Unit 12 I think that people often get into debt because they want a
lifestyle that they can’t really afford.
12a (pages 92 and 93) It’s a lifestyle which is sold to them constantly through
1 advertisements, for example on TV and in magazines.
1 savers and spenders This desire to have a better lifestyle can affect some
2 No, these characteristics are too simplistic. governments too. They want to improve their citizens’
2 standard of living so that people will vote for them again.
1 b  2 a  3 c  4 a  5 b  6 c
12b (pages 94 and 95)
3
fund (v) – finance (v) 1
prudent – careful a
transaction – deal (n) 2
wages – salaries 1 NG  2 T  3 F  4 NG  5 T  6 T  7 T  8 NG
wasteful – extravagant
3
4 1 dominant  2 mass production  3 profitable  4 wages 
1 cost or standard  2 haves, nots  3 income  5 consumed  6 call centres  7 outsourcing  8 harm
4 standard or cost  5 power  6 quality
4
S H A V E S B 1 have people work
Q U A L I T Y 2 get their work done
U N I T C A P 3 have their clothes made
4 get their tuna processed
N G I H O N A 5 get most questions answered, get them to put
O R N E S D S 6 get anyone to do, have your own employees do
T Y C Y T A T 5a
S P O W E R E /ʃ/: machine, revolution
N O M I N D N /ʧ/: cheap, richer
Y D E L I V E /ʒ/: decision, usually
/ʤ/: major, wages
5 6
1 Let’s just consider just people’s attitude to money at its 1 fit  2 put  3 decorate  4 assemble  5 fixed  6 tiled 
simplest level. 7 do  8 cleaned
2 Of course, savers spend only money, but only when they
can afford it. 7
3 People in these countries even would have to work longer 1 b  2 f  3 a  4 d  5 c  6 e
hours, pay more taxes and even accept lower wages.

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 Answer key

12c (page 96) Wordbuilding / Learning skills / Check! (page 99)

1 1
b 1 the rich  2 the unemployed  3 the poor  4 the homeless
5 the elderly  6 the famous  7 the adventurous 
2 8 the hard-working  9 the lazy  10 the sick or the ill
1 c  2 b  3 b  4 c  5a
2
3 1 P  2 N  3 N  4 N  5 X  6 P  7 P  8 P  9 N  10 N
1 passing  2 buzz  3 trend  4 catchy  5 loyal 
6 upmarket 3 and 4
Students’ own answers.
4
1a is running hard 3 hardly know 5
1b is hardly running 4a thought hard 1 rainy  2 income  3 catchy  4 have  5 end  6 saving
2a hardly works or is hardly 4b hardly thought Word: RICHES
working 5a hardly tried
2b works hard or is working hard 5b tried hard

12d (page 97)

1
1 h  2 a  3 e  4 b  5 d  6 f  7 c  8 g
2
1 a leaving party for a colleague
2 a reduction in the price
3
1 honest  2 mind  3 hoping  4 would  5 face  6 shoes 
7 appreciate  8 key
4
1 L  2 L  3 S  4 L  5 L  6 L  7 L  8 S
5
1 I’m afraid that would be difficult for me.
2 Would you move a bit on the price?
3 Would you be willing to negotiate?
4 I would need to have some kind of guarantee.
5 When would you need to know?
6 I wouldn’t want to put you to any trouble.
6
Students’ own answers.

12e (page 98)

1
1 As requested  2 Overall  3 specifically  4 Consequently 
5 Initially  6 To sum up
2
1 b  2 c  3 a  4 a  5 e  6 c  7 d
3
Possible answers:
1 here is my feedback or here are my comments
2 was an excellent course or was a very good/useful course
3 some small and large company websites
4 it is very important to know what kind of design is
suitable for different purposes or it was very useful to do
this comparison
5 to use them, even for someone with no previous
experience of design
6 would recommend this course
7 time to practise and a bit more guidance with my own
work

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 IELTS Practice test 3 FALSE  Your proposal should be written out in the
format stipulated
4 FALSE  It’s a good idea to propose only those objectives
Listening that you feel relatively confident of achieving within the
1 C  outside in the grounds grant period
2 B  just the morning or the afternoon would suit me fine 5 NOT GIVEN  (there is no mention of whether this is
3 A  you’d have to sign up like anyone else, and there’s a advisable or not)
monthly fee 6 TRUE  cover what is already known about the problem
4 A  tips on how to put a CV together in the scientific literature
5 D  a seminar led by one of the big recruitment agencies 7 FALSE  In addition, many forms now have a section
6 JAYNES J.A.Y.N.E.S ... required to describe how the research is likely to
7 Business Studies  M: So which faculty’s that? contribute to economic development
Economics? F: Business Studies actually  8 NOT GIVEN  (there is no mention of whether they do
8 technical translations  But this time, she’s doing this or not)
technical translations 9 TRUE  state clearly that you’re aware of the limitations
9 construction industry  he’s going to be talking about of your approach
openings in the construction industry 10 FALSE  describe briefly any particular strengths of
10 Geology  He’s working in the Geology department your laboratory
11 C  provides opportunities to meet the scientists who 11 iii  like to see a concise description of the results of any
work at the Observatory work you have already carried out
12 B  an adult single ticket would cost £6.50 in the summer 12 v  your application should include latitude and
months and £5.50 at other times of year, whereas a longitude, elevation, vegetation ...
family ticket would cost either £24 or £20. 13 vii  Describe how you plan to find people to take part
13 C/D  explore the universe using hands-on activities in experiments
14 D/C  the glass-walled café with outside terrace 14 ii  laboratory procedures ... a brief description of the
various analytical techniques that you will carry out
15 Botany  It wasn’t the Astrophysics department that
bought it, though, but the Botany department 15 vi  how it will be entered on a computerised database
and what software will be used
16 meteor shower  installed just in time to observe a
meteor shower 16 viii  the partners with whom you intend to work
17 1947   in 1947, the 218-foot Transit Telescope 17 C  evidence for at least 15 separate occasions when it
acted as a home
18 Mark 1/One/I  This was named the Mark One Telescope
18 B  predate other known instances of plant matting by
19 solar system  a scale model of the solar system
approximately 50,000 years
20 World Heritage  to place Jodrell Bank on the UK shortlist
19 A  a tree whose foliage contains chemicals that kill
for consideration as a site with World Heritage status
biting insects. Dr Wadley thus thinks ... mattresses on
21 A  how you balance these two aspects is up to you which the inhabitants slept
22 C  I hadn’t even chosen a specialty – so that made it tough. 20 A  a range of hitherto unknown artefacts ... pictograms
23 B  I’d have done better with a straight four-week split. 21 C  a range of hitherto unknown artefacts ... arrows
24 A  talk to people ... that’s how I found the one I went with 22 D  a range of hitherto unknown artefacts ... needles
25 emergency  I went for emergency 23 (a/the) tree(s)  They probably settled in trees at night
26 beach  photos ... of the beach that drew me to Belize 24 climbing  they still retained features useful for
27 300,000  with only 300,000 people climbing, such as curved fingers and long arms
28 (the) north  up in the north where I was 25 chimpanzees  just as chimpanzees do today
29 Cuban  a lot of the doctors working there are actually 26 fire  once hominids learned how to control fire they
Cuban discovered they could sleep on the ground
30 teaching (the staff)  I’d rather think of teaching the staff 27 grass  Neanderthals were also building grass beds
31 One/1 metre/meter  that grows to around one metre 28 YES  a group of more than sixty cognitive
32 Dark brown  the male ... being a dark brown psychologists and neuroscientists signed a document
33 Silver(-)grey/grey  the female is distinguishable by its stating that the brain training industry took advantage
silver-grey skin of people’s anxieties and was not supported by
34 (dense) undergrowth  has a preference for dense sufficient research.
undergrowth 29 NOT GIVEN  (There is no information in the text
35 Lizard(s)  tends to rely on lizards as its main source of food regarding the attitudes of the participants in the study
36 Bird  Bird island, the place where one was eventually towards the results.)
spotted 30 YES  In a 2015 survey of the general public, the
37 (six-week) survey  They commissioned a six-week survey majority of respondents believed that memory was a
natural element of brain function, but in reality, the
38 100  supporting a racer population of around 100
brain is programmed to forget information in case it
individuals
becomes overloaded.
39 B/C  The right kind of habitat is not found over a wide
31 NO  It recognizes six key types of memory – including
area
remembering words and faces – all of which are equally
40 C/B  although the snake’s habitat does remain significant
vulnerable to hurricane damage
32 NO  The Clinic conducted a study on elderly
Reading subjects who all carried the gene for Alzheimer’s
disease (APO-E4) but were otherwise in good
1 TRUE  start by identifying the appropriate granting physical health.
body to contact
33 NOT GIVEN  (There is no information in the text
2 TRUE  check ... the deadline for the submission of regarding the number of subjects in the study.)
applications

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 Answer key

34 driving  Driving is another such commonplace skill

that studies show has been enhanced by Merzenich’s
techniques.
35 injury  those who have suffered a serious head injury
appear to respond positively.
36 prison  these techniques might be used with offenders
who have been sent to prison
37 medication  conventional medication is ineffective for
treating many of the symptoms she observes
38 motivation  it can be difficult for them to maintain
sufficient motivation
39 nutrition  there are also other factors involved, notably
the role of proper nutrition
40 doctors / Doctors  doctors seldom see the value in her
techniques … the benefits of brain training could be
experienced much more widely

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