“Professional conduct and ethical standards”

Crimsoc 5

Learning objectives

Students must be able to:

1. Understand and discuss ethics;

2. Recognize the etiology of the word ethics;
3. Discuss the significance of studying ethics;
4. Define and discuss values;
5. Identify the categories of values;
6. Enumerate and discuss the four cardinal virtues;
7. Define and discuss professional;
8. Enumerate the characteristics that the professional officer must
possess;
9. Understand and discuss the sections 3, 4, 5 and 7 of the republic
act 6713.
10.

Introduction

As a human being, we ought to know the art of correct living. Art is the appreciation
of beauty. It implies order and harmony of parts in a given whole. Human life does not imply
merely physical and survival. It is a vocation towards the refine of spirit. The demand of daily
life includes and derives meaning from cultivation of those traits that truly reflects man’s
innate dignity.

Ethics is an art. It is a breath of life, pulsating with the desire for growth and
development. It is a master plan indicating where man must go and what he ought to do in
order to live well; in a sense, every man is an artist, creating something of beauty out of his
self.

CONTENT

Etiology of the word ethics:

Ethics was derived from latin word “ethos” which means “customary behaviour”.

The two words Latin “ethicus” and Greek “ethikos” have the same meaning which is
customary or arising from habits. (Guevarra and bautista 2008; Florendo 2012 third edition)

Definition of ethics:

Ethics is a branch of philosophy which studies the principles of right and wrong in human
conduct.
Other definition:

 Science of morality of man

 Study of human motivation and ultimately of human rational behavior
 Morality

Ethics outlines theories of right or wrong, morality translate these theories into
action. Therefore, morality is nothing else but it is a doing of ethics.

Significance of ethics

 Indispensable knowledge
 Without moral perception, man is only an animal.
 Without morality, man as rational being is a failure.

Moral integrity is the only true measure of what ma ought to be. The most successful
professional is nothing unless he too is morally upright. Thus, philosophers speak of ethics
as the “only necessary knowledge”.

Morality is the foundation of every human society, without civic morality, communities perish;
without personal morality their survival has no value. Every culture admits the importance of
morality as a standard of behaviour. When the moral foundations of a nation are threatened,
society itself is threatened.

Values and cardinal virtues

Values

o It comes from the latin word “valere” which means “to be strong or to be
worth”.
o It is something that a person prizes, cherishes and esteems as important to
him
o It is the concept that describes the beliefs of an individual or culture.
o Values are considered subjective and vary across people and culture.
o Values are ideas and norms man considers relevant or good.

Ethics aim to guide the individual in choosing wisely his values and in acting upon
them.

Value system

It is the ordered and prioritized set of ethical and doctrinal values that an individual’s
culture upholds.

Categories of values

o Ethics (good-bad, virtues-vice, moral-immoral-amoral, right-wrong,

permissible-impermissable)
 o Aesthetics (beautiful, ugly, unbalanced, pleasing)
o Doctrinal (political, ideological, religious or social beliefs and values)
o Innate (inborn values such as reproduction and survival, controversial
category)
o Non-use/passive – includes the value based on something never use or seen
or something left for the next generation.
o Potential/options- value of something that’s known to be only potentially
valuable such as a plant that might be found to have medicinal value in the
future.

Group or organizational values may be formal or informal. Since every organization has
values that are influential to the group, values help the group or organization to endure and
carry its objectives.

If the members do not accept as true and subscribe in their organizational value systems,
the organization would not function properly. Without good values the organization may
completely cease to exist.

Respectable and virtuous organizations are formed by favourable reception of good values.
Law enforcement organization such as PNP will be an effective organization only if it
develops good values.

An ideal value system for a police agency would include:

o Honesty
o Integrity
o Respect for human rights
o Professionalism
o Strong sense of justice
o Desire to help and serve others
o Patriotism
o Selflessness

Cardinal virtues

o Prudence – refers to the ability to govern and discipline oneself by means of logical
reasoning and sound discretion. It is a habit that inclines man to act in a way that
harmonizes with nature, which attracts the intellect to prefer the most effective means
for accomplishing what is morally good and avois moral evils.
o Temperance – refers to the ability to avoid something and act with moderation,
regulating one’s carnal appetite for sensual pleasure.
o Fortitude – denotes firmness of mind, the courage to endure without yielding. It is a
combination of patience (calmness and composure), perseverance(the ability to
continue despite of obstacles or opposition), endurance ( the ability to last or survive)
o Justice – it refers to a virtue that inclines the will to give every person his or her
accorded rights.
 Division of justice
 o Commutative justice- it regulates actions which involves the
rights that exist among individuals, violation of which calls for
reparation and restitution.
o Distributive justice- standardizes those actions that have to do
with the rights that an individual may justly claim from the
society.
o Legal justice – it puts into order those actions which society
may justly require from the individual for the common good.

 Charity – refers to kindness, compassion, altruism, humanity and good will. It is the
obligation of giving under certain conditions whatever assistance and which our
fellow men needs.

Professionals defined as:

 Anyone who does a job for a pay. “Like a professional athlete

compared to an amateur”
 Anyone who looks clean cut disciplined and polished when on the job.
(a military standard)
 Anyone who develops and uses special skill at work, (a carpenter or a
plumber)
 Anyone who possesses an academic experience and possesses a
body of knowledge that is unknown to lay people ( a physician, lawyer,
engineer, teacher, or criminologist)
 Professional possesses
o Knowledge – a systematically organized body of knowledge that the lay
people (non-professional) do not understand.
o Education – an academic experience that involves studying and learning.
o Regulation – self regulation, standards of education and licensing that are
set by member of the profession themselves, normally controlled by
professional organization such as PCAP (professional criminologist’s
association of the Philippines).
o Discipline – self policing, investigation, and disciplining members accused of
misconduct, by their peer professionals
o Problem solving – done in a collegial manner, all license member of the
profession are co-equal partner in problem solving – using their expertise and
insight to solve problems together.

Professional officer must possess:

 Passion – the understanding that resorting to violence or threats is

ethically acceptable if and only if, it is done in the interest of justice or
in accordance with the welfare of the community; that no guilt need be
associated with the pain or unpleasantness of using force.
 Perspective – the development of an inner understanding of the
motives of the people, a sense of life’s causes and effects and
 knowledge of the tragedy of life (that all people suffer sometimes, that
everyone yearns for some dignity and that no individual is worthless.

Republic Act No. 6713 February 20, 1989

AN ACT ESTABLISHING A CODE OF CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC

OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES, TO UPHOLD THE TIME-HONORED PRINCIPLE OF PUBLIC
OFFICE BEING A PUBLIC TRUST, GRANTING INCENTIVES AND REWARDS FOR
EXEMPLARY SERVICE, ENUMERATING PROHIBITED ACTS AND TRANSACTIONS AND
PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS THEREOF AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress

assembled:

Section 1. Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for
Public Officials and Employees."

Section 2. Declaration of Policies. - It is the policy of the State to promote a high standard of
ethics in public service. Public officials and employees shall at all times be accountable to the
people and shall discharge their duties with utmost responsibility, integrity, competence, and
loyalty, act with patriotism and justice, lead modest lives, and uphold public interest over
personal interest.

Section 3. Definition of Terms. - As used in this Act, the term:

(a) "Government" includes the National Government, the local governments, and all other
instrumentalities, agencies or branches of the Republic of the Philippines including government-
owned or controlled corporations, and their subsidiaries. lawphi1. net

(b) "Public Officials" includes elective and appointive officials and employees, permanent or
temporary, whether in the career or non-career service, including military and police personnel,
whether or not they receive compensation, regardless of amount.

(c) "Gift" refers to a thing or a right to dispose of gratuitously, or any act or liberality, in favor of
another who accepts it, and shall include a simulated sale or an ostensibly onerous disposition
thereof. It shall not include an unsolicited gift of nominal or insignificant value not given in
anticipation of, or in exchange for, a favor from a public official or employee.

(d) "Receiving any gift" includes the act of accepting directly or indirectly, a gift from a person
other than a member of his family or relative as defined in this Act, even on the occasion of a
family celebration or national festivity like Christmas, if the value of the gift is neither nominal nor
insignificant, or the gift is given in anticipation of, or in exchange for, a favor.
(e) "Loan" covers both simple loan and commodatum as well as guarantees, financing
arrangements or accommodations intended to ensure its approval.

(f) "Substantial stockholder" means any person who owns, directly or indirectly, shares of stock
sufficient to elect a director of a corporation. This term shall also apply to the parties to a voting
trust.

(g) "Family of public officials or employees" means their spouses and unmarried children under
eighteen (18) years of age.

(h) "Person" includes natural and juridical persons unless the context indicates otherwise.

(i) "Conflict of interest" arises when a public official or employee is a member of a board, an
officer, or a substantial stockholder of a private corporation or owner or has a substantial interest
in a business, and the interest of such corporation or business, or his rights or duties therein,
may be opposed to or affected by the faithful performance of official duty.

(j) "Divestment" is the transfer of title or disposal of interest in property by voluntarily, completely
and actually depriving or dispossessing oneself of his right or title to it in favor of a person or
persons other than his spouse and relatives as defined in this Act.

(k) "Relatives" refers to any and all persons related to a public official or employee within the
fourth civil degree of consanguinity or affinity, including bilas, inso and balae.

Section 4. Norms of Conduct of Public Officials and Employees. - (A) Every public official and
employee shall observe the following as standards of personal conduct in the discharge and
execution of official duties:

(a) Commitment to public interest. - Public officials and employees shall always uphold the public
interest over and above personal interest. All government resources and powers of their
respective offices must be employed and used efficiently, effectively, honestly and economically,
particularly to avoid wastage in public funds and revenues.

(b) Professionalism. - Public officials and employees shall perform and discharge their duties with
the highest degree of excellence, professionalism, intelligence and skill. They shall enter public
service with utmost devotion and dedication to duty. They shall endeavor to discourage wrong
perceptions of their roles as dispensers or peddlers of undue patronage.

(c) Justness and sincerity. - Public officials and employees shall remain true to the people at all
times. They must act with justness and sincerity and shall not discriminate against anyone,
especially the poor and the underprivileged. They shall at all times respect the rights of others,
and shall refrain from doing acts contrary to law, good morals, good customs, public policy,
public order, public safety and public interest. They shall not dispense or extend undue favors on
account of their office to their relatives whether by consanguinity or affinity except with respect to
appointments of such relatives to positions considered strictly confidential or as members of their
personal staff whose terms are coterminous with theirs.

(d) Political neutrality. - Public officials and employees shall provide service to everyone without
unfair discrimination and regardless of party affiliation or preference.

(e) Responsiveness to the public. - Public officials and employees shall extend prompt,
courteous, and adequate service to the public. Unless otherwise provided by law or when
required by the public interest, public officials and employees shall provide information of their
policies and procedures in clear and understandable language, ensure openness of information,
public consultations and hearings whenever appropriate, encourage suggestions, simplify and
systematize policy, rules and procedures, avoid red tape and develop an understanding and
appreciation of the socio-economic conditions prevailing in the country, especially in the
depressed rural and urban areas.

(f) Nationalism and patriotism. - Public officials and employees shall at all times be loyal to the
Republic and to the Filipino people, promote the use of locally produced goods, resources and
technology and encourage appreciation and pride of country and people. They shall endeavor to
maintain and defend Philippine sovereignty against foreign intrusion.

(g) Commitment to democracy. - Public officials and employees shall commit themselves to the
democratic way of life and values, maintain the principle of public accountability, and manifest by
deeds the supremacy of civilian authority over the military. They shall at all times uphold the
Constitution and put loyalty to country above loyalty to persons or party.

(h) Simple living. - Public officials and employees and their families shall lead modest lives
appropriate to their positions and income. They shall not indulge in extravagant or ostentatious
display of wealth in any form.

(B) The Civil Service Commission shall adopt positive measures to promote (1) observance of
these standards including the dissemination of information programs and workshops authorizing
merit increases beyond regular progression steps, to a limited number of employees recognized
by their office colleagues to be outstanding in their observance of ethical standards; and (2)
continuing research and experimentation on measures which provide positive motivation to
public officials and employees in raising the general level of observance of these standards.

Section 5. Duties of Public Officials and Employees. - In the performance of their duties, all
public officials and employees are under obligation to:lawphi 1.ne t

(a) Act promptly on letters and requests. - All public officials and employees shall, within fifteen
(15) working days from receipt thereof, respond to letters, telegrams or other means of
communications sent by the public. The reply must contain the action taken on the request.

(b) Submit annual performance reports. - All heads or other responsible officers of offices and
agencies of the government and of government-owned or controlled corporations shall, within
forty-five (45) working days from the end of the year, render a performance report of the agency
or office or corporation concerned. Such report shall be open and available to the public within
regular office hours.

(c) Process documents and papers expeditiously. - All official papers and documents must be
processed and completed within a reasonable time from the preparation thereof and must
contain, as far as practicable, not more than three (3) signatories therein. In the absence of duly
authorized signatories, the official next-in-rank or officer in charge shall sign for and in their
behalf.

(d) Act immediately on the public's personal transactions. - All public officials and employees
must attend to anyone who wants to avail himself of the services of their offices and must, at all
times, act promptly and expeditiously.

(e) Make documents accessible to the public. - All public documents must be made accessible
to, and readily available for inspection by, the public within reasonable working hours.
Section 6. System of Incentives and Rewards. - A system of annual incentives and rewards is
hereby established in order to motivate and inspire public servants to uphold the highest
standards of ethics. For this purpose, a Committee on Awards to Outstanding Public Officials and
Employees is hereby created composed of the following: the Ombudsman and Chairman of the
Civil Service Commission as Co-Chairmen, and the Chairman of the Commission on Audit, and
two government employees to be appointed by the President, as members.

It shall be the task of this Committee to conduct a periodic, continuing review of the performance
of public officials and employees, in all the branches and agencies of Government and establish
a system of annual incentives and rewards to the end that due recognition is given to public
officials and employees of outstanding merit on the basis of the standards set forth in this Act.

The conferment of awards shall take into account, among other things, the following: the years of
service and the quality and consistency of performance, the obscurity of the position, the level of
salary, the unique and exemplary quality of a certain achievement, and the risks or temptations
inherent in the work. Incentives and rewards to government officials and employees of the year
to be announced in public ceremonies honoring them may take the form of bonuses, citations,
directorships in government-owned or controlled corporations, local and foreign scholarship
grants, paid vacations and the like. They shall likewise be automatically promoted to the next
higher position with the commensurate salary suitable to their qualifications. In case there is no
next higher position or it is not vacant, said position shall be included in the budget of the office in
the next General Appropriations Act. The Committee on Awards shall adopt its own rules to
govern the conduct of its activities.

Section 7. Prohibited Acts and Transactions. - In addition to acts and omissions of public officials
and employees now prescribed in the Constitution and existing laws, the following shall
constitute prohibited acts and transactions of any public official and employee and are hereby
declared to be unlawful:

(a) Financial and material interest. - Public officials and employees shall not, directly or indirectly,
have any financial or material interest in any transaction requiring the approval of their office.

(b) Outside employment and other activities related thereto. - Public officials and employees
during their incumbency shall not:

(1) Own, control, manage or accept employment as officer, employee, consultant, counsel,
broker, agent, trustee or nominee in any private enterprise regulated, supervised or licensed by
their office unless expressly allowed by law;

(2) Engage in the private practice of their profession unless authorized by the Constitution or law,
provided, that such practice will not conflict or tend to conflict with their official functions; or

(3) Recommend any person to any position in a private enterprise which has a regular or pending
official transaction with their office.

These prohibitions shall continue to apply for a period of one (1) year after resignation,
retirement, or separation from public office, except in the case of subparagraph (b) (2) above, but
the professional concerned cannot practice his profession in connection with any matter before
the office he used to be with, in which case the one-year prohibition shall likewise apply.

(c) Disclosure and/or misuse of confidential information. - Public officials and employees shall not
use or divulge, confidential or classified information officially known to them by reason of their
office and not made available to the public, either:
(1) To further their private interests, or give undue advantage to anyone; or

(2) To prejudice the public interest.

(d) Solicitation or acceptance of gifts. - Public officials and employees shall not solicit or accept,
directly or indirectly, any gift, gratuity, favor, entertainment, loan or anything of monetary value
from any person in the course of their official duties or in connection with any operation being
regulated by, or any transaction which may be affected by the functions of their office.

As to gifts or grants from foreign governments, the Congress consents to:

(i) The acceptance and retention by a public official or employee of a gift of nominal value
tendered and received as a souvenir or mark of courtesy;

(ii) The acceptance by a public official or employee of a gift in the nature of a scholarship or
fellowship grant or medical treatment; or

(iii) The acceptance by a public official or employee of travel grants or expenses for travel taking
place entirely outside the Philippine (such as allowances, transportation, food, and lodging) of
more than nominal value if such acceptance is appropriate or consistent with the interests of the
Philippines, and permitted by the head of office, branch or agency to which he belongs.

The Ombudsman shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purpose
of this subsection, including pertinent reporting and disclosure requirements.

Nothing in this Act shall be construed to restrict or prohibit any educational, scientific or cultural
exchange programs subject to national security requirements.

Section 8. Statements and Disclosure. - Public officials and employees have an obligation to
accomplish and submit declarations under oath of, and the public has the right to know, their
assets, liabilities, net worth and financial and business interests including those of their spouses
and of unmarried children under eighteen (18) years of age living in their households.

(A) Statements of Assets and Liabilities and Financial Disclosure. - All public officials and
employees, except those who serve in an honorary capacity, laborers and casual or temporary
workers, shall file under oath their Statement of Assets, Liabilities and Net Worth and a
Disclosure of Business Interests and Financial Connections and those of their spouses and
unmarried children under eighteen (18) years of age living in their households.

The two documents shall contain information on the following:

(a) real property, its improvements, acquisition costs, assessed value and current fair market
value;

(b) personal property and acquisition cost;

(c) all other assets such as investments, cash on hand or in banks, stocks, bonds, and the like;

(d) liabilities, and;

(e) all business interests and financial connections.

The documents must be filed:

(a) within thirty (30) days after assumption of office;

(b) on or before April 30, of every year thereafter; and

(c) within thirty (30) days after separation from the service.

All public officials and employees required under this section to file the aforestated documents
shall also execute, within thirty (30) days from the date of their assumption of office, the
necessary authority in favor of the Ombudsman to obtain from all appropriate government
agencies, including the Bureau of Internal Revenue, such documents as may show their assets,
liabilities, net worth, and also their business interests and financial connections in previous years,
including, if possible, the year when they first assumed any office in the Government.

Husband and wife who are both public officials or employees may file the required statements
jointly or separately.

The Statements of Assets, Liabilities and Net Worth and the Disclosure of Business Interests and
Financial Connections shall be filed by:

(1) Constitutional and national elective officials, with the national office of the Ombudsman;

(2) Senators and Congressmen, with the Secretaries of the Senate and the House of
Representatives, respectively; Justices, with the Clerk of Court of the Supreme Court; Judges,
with the Court Administrator; and all national executive officials with the Office of the President.

(3) Regional and local officials and employees, with the Deputy Ombudsman in their respective
regions;

(4) Officers of the armed forces from the rank of colonel or naval captain, with the Office of the
President, and those below said ranks, with the Deputy Ombudsman in their respective regions;
and

(5) All other public officials and employees, defined in Republic Act No. 3019, as amended, with
the Civil Service Commission.

(B) Identification and disclosure of relatives. - It shall be the duty of every public official or
employee to identify and disclose, to the best of his knowledge and information, his relatives in
the Government in the form, manner and frequency prescribed by the Civil Service Commission.

(C) Accessibility of documents. - (1) Any and all statements filed under this Act, shall be made
available for inspection at reasonable hours.

(2) Such statements shall be made available for copying or reproduction after ten (10) working
days from the time they are filed as required by law.

(3) Any person requesting a copy of a statement shall be required to pay a reasonable fee to
cover the cost of reproduction and mailing of such statement, as well as the cost of certification.

(4) Any statement filed under this Act shall be available to the public for a period of ten (10) years
after receipt of the statement. After such period, the statement may be destroyed unless needed
in an ongoing investigation.

(D) Prohibited acts. - It shall be unlawful for any person to obtain or use any statement filed
under this Act for:

(a) any purpose contrary to morals or public policy; or

(b) any commercial purpose other than by news and communications media for dissemination to
the general public.

Section 9. Divestment. - A public official or employee shall avoid conflicts of interest at all times.
When a conflict of interest arises, he shall resign from his position in any private business
enterprise within thirty (30) days from his assumption of office and/or divest himself of his
shareholdings or interest within sixty (60) days from such assumption.

The same rule shall apply where the public official or employee is a partner in a partnership.

The requirement of divestment shall not apply to those who serve the Government in an
honorary capacity nor to laborers and casual or temporary workers.

Section 10. Review and Compliance Procedure. - (a) The designated Committees of both
Houses of the Congress shall establish procedures for the review of statements to determine
whether said statements which have been submitted on time, are complete, and are in proper
form. In the event a determination is made that a statement is not so filed, the appropriate
Committee shall so inform the reporting individual and direct him to take the necessary corrective
action.

(b) In order to carry out their responsibilities under this Act, the designated Committees of both
Houses of Congress shall have the power within their respective jurisdictions, to render any
opinion interpreting this Act, in writing, to persons covered by this Act, subject in each instance to
the approval by affirmative vote of the majority of the particular House concerned.

The individual to whom an opinion is rendered, and any other individual involved in a similar
factual situation, and who, after issuance of the opinion acts in good faith in accordance with it
shall not be subject to any sanction provided in this Act.

(c) The heads of other offices shall perform the duties stated in subsections (a) and (b) hereof
insofar as their respective offices are concerned, subject to the approval of the Secretary of
Justice, in the case of the Executive Department and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, in
the case of the Judicial Department.

Section 11. Penalties. - (a) Any public official or employee, regardless of whether or not he holds
office or employment in a casual, temporary, holdover, permanent or regular capacity,
committing any violation of this Act shall be punished with a fine not exceeding the equivalent of
six (6) months' salary or suspension not exceeding one (1) year, or removal depending on the
gravity of the offense after due notice and hearing by the appropriate body or agency. If the
violation is punishable by a heavier penalty under another law, he shall be prosecuted under the
latter statute. Violations of Sections 7, 8 or 9 of this Act shall be punishable with imprisonment
not exceeding five (5) years, or a fine not exceeding five thousand pesos (P5,000), or both, and,
in the discretion of the court of competent jurisdiction, disqualification to hold public office.

(b) Any violation hereof proven in a proper administrative proceeding shall be sufficient cause for
removal or dismissal of a public official or employee, even if no criminal prosecution is instituted
against him.

(c) Private individuals who participate in conspiracy as co-principals, accomplices or accessories,

with public officials or employees, in violation of this Act, shall be subject to the same penal
liabilities as the public officials or employees and shall be tried jointly with them.
(d) The official or employee concerned may bring an action against any person who obtains or
uses a report for any purpose prohibited by Section 8 (D) of this Act. The Court in which such
action is brought may assess against such person a penalty in any amount not to exceed twenty-
five thousand pesos (P25,000). If another sanction hereunder or under any other law is heavier,
the latter shall apply.

Section 12. Promulgation of Rules and Regulations, Administration and Enforcement of this
Act. - The Civil Service Commission shall have the primary responsibility for the administration
and enforcement of this Act. It shall transmit all cases for prosecution arising from violations of
this Act to the proper authorities for appropriate action: Provided, however, That it may institute
such administrative actions and disciplinary measures as may be warranted in accordance with
law. Nothing in this provision shall be construed as a deprivation of the right of each House of
Congress to discipline its Members for disorderly behavior.

The Civil Service Commission is hereby authorized to promulgate rules and regulations
necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act, including guidelines for individuals who render
free voluntary service to the Government. The Ombudsman shall likewise take steps to protect
citizens who denounce acts or omissions of public officials and employees which are in violation
of this Act.

Section 13. Provisions for More Stringent Standards. - Nothing in this Act shall be construed to
derogate from any law, or any regulation prescribed by any body or agency, which provides for
more stringent standards for its official and employees.

Section 14. Appropriations. - The sum necessary for the effective implementation of this Act
shall be taken from the appropriations of the Civil Service Commission. Thereafter, such sum as
may be needed for its continued implementation shall be included in the annual General
Appropriations Act.

Section 15. Separability Clause. - If any provision of this Act or the application of such provision
to any person or circumstance is declared invalid, the remainder of the Act or the application of
such provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected by such declaration.

Section 16. Repealing Clause. - All laws, decrees and orders or parts thereof inconsistent
herewith, are deemed repealed or modified accordingly, unless the same provide for a heavier
penalty.

Section 17. Effectivity. - This Act shall take effect after thirty (30) days following the completion
of its publication in the Official Gazette or in two (2) national newspapers of general circulation.

Approved, February 20, 1989.

Progress check

1. Define and discuss ethics in your own words.

2. Explain the statement, “Without moral perception, man is only an animal”.
3. Define and discuss values in your own words.
4. Enumerate the cardinal virtues. Explain each.
5. Define and discuss professional.
6. Based on the definition of professional, do you consider yourself a professional?
Justify your answer.
7. In RA 6713 SECTION 3, choose at least 3 paragraphs or terms and discuss each.
You can use examples if necessary.
8. Enumerate the characteristics that the professional officers must possess.
Discuss each.
9. In section 4 of RA 6713, choose at least 4 paragraphs and discuss each.
10. In section 7 of RA 6713, choose at least 1 prohibited act or transaction and
explain it in your own words.