UNDERSTANDING POEM

PEMAHAMAN PUISI

UNDERSTANDING POEM
There are 4 points which we will discuss in this video
 Distinction between poem, poetry, and prose
 Structure of the poem
 The example of the poem
 Exercises
The distinction between poem, poetry, and prose will be explained in this order.
 WHAT IS POEM?
Poem is a piece of writing that partakes of the nature of both speech and song that is
nearly always rhytmical, usually methaporical.
 WHAT IS POETRY?
Poetry is literary work in which special intensity is given to the expression of feeling and
ideas by the use of distinctive style and rhytm.

 WHAT IS PROSE?
Prose is written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure
PERBEDAANYA
POEM POETRY PROSE
Merupakan sebuah sajak Merupakan sebuah puisi Prose atau prosa
dalam bahasa inggris (karya tulis) dalam merupakan karya tulis
yang setiap barisnya bahasa inggris yang yang memiliki ritme yang
saling memiliki memiliki sebuah estetika besar dan biasanya
keterikatan dan makna yang digunakan untuk
mendalam. menuagkan ide atau
gagasan akan suatu hal.

STRUCTURE
Every culture/language has its own forms! To list them all would be impossible.
However, if you are going to start somewhere, I would suggest learning a few basic
terms first so that when you encounter complex structures. I would start with the
following terms:

Rhythm
 Stressed syllable
 Unstressed syllable
rhyme scheme
 Consonant rhyme: when the last two syllables rhyme with the same consonant
falling between them. Consonant rhyme is the repetition of consonants (or
consonant patterns) especially at the ends of words. (konsonan rima adalah
pengulangan konsonan (atau pola konsonan) terutama di akhir kata)
Example in English: “Humpty Dumpty”
 Assonant rhyme: When the last two vowels of the last two syllables rhyme, but the
consonant between them is different. Assonant is the repetition of vowel sounds
only in words, whereas rhyme is the repetition of the ending sounds of words.
( pengulangan bunyi vokal hanya dalam kata-kata, sedangkan pantun adalah
pengulangan bunyi akhir kata).This form of rhyme is pretty rare in English, but is
very common in Romance languages. Example in Spanish: “ala / brava”
 Slant rhyme: AKA “half-rhyme” - these are words that can “rhyme” when written, but
do not when spoken. Slant rhyme is a type of rhyming where words sound similar
but do not rhyme exactly. (Sajak miring adalah jenis rima di mana kata-katanya
terdengar mirip tetapi tidak berima dengan tepat).
For example, “wind / find” when “wind” refers to a gust of air. Otherwise, slant
rhyme can be words that are *nearly* alike, but don’t quite rhyme. Emily Dickinson
used this with some frequency.
 Meter: Meter is a stressed and unstressed syllabic pattern in a verse, or within the
lines of a poem. Meteran adalah pola suku kata yang ditekan dan tanpa tekanan
dalam sebuah ayat, atau di dalam baris puisi ) Stressed syllables tend to be longer,
and unstressed shorterthe number of syllables in one poetic verse. If the line has
only one foot, it is called a monometer; two feet, dimeter; three is trimeter; four is
tetrameter; five is pentameter; six is hexameter, seven is heptameter and eight is
octameter.
For example: “BY the SHORES of GITche GUMee” (“The Song of Hiawatha” by
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow) Iambic Pentameter
The most common meter in English language poetry, iambic pentameter has five
feet of two syllables each (for a total of ten syllables) alternating between unstressed
and stressed syllables.
 Foot: A foot usually contains one accented syllable and one or two unaccented
syllables. ... A metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by one
unaccented syllable. anapest. A metrical foot consisting of two unaccented syllables
followed by one accented syllable.( Kaki biasanya berisi satu suku kata beraksen
dan satu atau dua suku kata tanpa aksen. ... Kaki metrik yang terdiri dari satu suku
kata beraksen diikuti oleh satu suku kata tanpa aksen. anapest. Kaki metrik yang
terdiri dari dua suku kata tanpa aksen diikuti oleh satu suku kata beraksen).
For example:
a. syllable: sky, cat, book, bag, bed, door, big, fast, mad, wood.
b. syllables: bottle, beauty, pillow, window, cupboard, football, spider, wizard,
circle, random.
c. syllables: beautiful, adventure, quality, dictionary, coconut, watermelon,
ceramics, oportunity, psychology, Washington.
 stanza: a grouping of any number of individual lines/verses, followed by a break, or
that stand on their own as a single poem.
o couplet: Two verses.
o tercet: Three verses.
o quatrain: Four verses.
 form: the collection/pattern of stanzas that comprise a poem. Form can be strictly or
loosely defined.
· An example of strict form: the sonnet: A poem with strict form obeys rules of
rhyme, meter, and stanzas. The Shakespearean sonnet often consists of fourteen lines:
three quatrains and then a couplet. The meter is iambic pentameter. The rhyme scheme
is (abab cdcd efef gg) where each letter represents the rhyming of the last syllable(s).)
· Looser forms of poetry have stanzas that are more intuitive, and lack the formal
structures (rhyme, meter, stanzas) as defined by tradition. Free verse is an example of
poetry that lacks formal structures, obeying only the logic of the poem's content.