A

Technical seminar report

on

BIO-MASS FUELLED POWER PLANTS

by

MOHD ADIL RAFEQUE

17R21A0236

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING
[2020-2021]

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 A

Seminar Report on

BIO-MASS FUELLED POWER PLANTS

submitted
In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
By
MOHD ADIL RAFEQUE

17R21A0236

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING
[2020-2021]

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 CERTIFICATE

It is to Certify that Technical seminar work entitled “BIO-MASS FUELLED POWER

PLANT”is a bonafide work carried out in the Eighth semester by “MOHD ADIL RAFEQUE
(17R21A0236)” in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Technology in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering from MLR Institute of Technology, Dundigal,
Hyderabad during the academic year 2020-2021.

INTERNAL GUIDE SEMINAR CO-ORDINATOR HOD

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 CONTENTS

NAME PAGE
NO

ABSTRACT 5

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 6

INTRODUCTION 7

WHEN WAS BIOMASS ENERGY DISCOVERED? 7

WHAT IS BIOMASS POWER 7

HOW MUCH ENERGY DOES BIOMASS CONTAIN? 8

HOW CAN BIOMASS GENERATE ELECTRICITY? 9

CONCLUSION 10

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 ABSTRACT

Biomass is a renewable energy source that is derived from living or recently living
organisms. It is produced by metabolic activities of biological systems (plants and animals)
and/or products of their decomposition or conversion. The chemical and energetic value of
those materials is based on the carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bond. Biomass power
greatly reduces our dependence on foreign energy sources. It increases our national security
and provides greater fuel diversity. As an energy source, biomass can either be used directly
via combustion to produce heat, or indirectly after converting it to various forms of biofuel.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

There are many people who helped me directly and indirectly to complete my seminar report
successfully. I would like to take this opportunity to thank one and all.

First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude towards my internal guide
DR.A.Sudhakar Department of EEE for her support in the completion of my dissertation. I
wish to express my sincere thanks to DR.A.SUDHAKAR HOD, DEPT. OF EEE and also
to our PRINCIPAL
DR. SRINIVAS RAO for providing the facilities to complete the dissertation

I would like to thank all our faculty and friends for their help and constructive criticism
during the seminar period. Finally, I am very much indebted to our parents for their moral
support and encouragement to achieve goals.

NAME : MOHD ADIL RAFEQUE

ROLL NO : 17R21A0236

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 INTRODUCTION

1. What are biofuels

Biofuels are basically fuelling that are made out of biomass. These can be solid, liquid, or
gas. Biodiesel and bioethanol are two of the most common types of biofuels. Biodiesel dates
all the way back to the late 1800s, when Rudolf Diesel (of the diesel engine fame) invented
an engine powered by vegetable oil. That was before petroleum-based diesel fuel became so
widely available. Bioethanol is an alcohol-based biofuel – but it’s not one you’d want to
drink. It’s made by fermenting plants, and can also be used in vehicles. It was also used in
the US way back in the 1800s, to light lamps. Biomass is made up of living things (or things
that were once living). This can include any plant or animal material, such as sugarcane or
corn crops, wood chips, or even dung. All these types of biomasses contain energy, because
they’re organic materials. So, whether they started life as plants or animals, they’ve all
absorbed chemical energy naturally from the sun. When they’re used as biomass, these
materials are called ‘feedstocks.

2. When was biomass energy discovered?

Technically, it was discovered back in our cave-dwelling days, when we realised that wood
could burn. And we’ve been at it ever since. In fact, up until the Industrial Revolution,
biomass was our main source of energy (until fossil fuels came along). These days, as the
world seeks more renewable energy solutions to fight the climate crisis, the use of biomass
is rising again. In fact, it’s currently the biggest source of renewable energy used in the UK.

3. What is biomass power

Biomass power is carbon neutral electricity generated from renewable organic waste that
would otherwise be dumped in landfills, openly burned, or left as fodder for forest fires.
When burned, the energy in biomass is released as heat. If you have a fireplace, you already
are participating in the use of biomass as the wood you burn in it is a biomass fuel. In
biomass power plants, wood waste or other waste is burned to produce steam that runs a
turbine to make electricity, or that provides heat to industries and homes. Fortunately, new
technologies including pollution controls and combustion engineering — have advanced to
the point that any emissions from burning biomass in industrial facilities are generally less

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 than emissions produced when using fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, oil). Energy has included
these technologies in our facilities
4. How much energy does biomass contain?

Energy is measured in joules. If you’ve got a tomato handy, lift it 1 metre from the ground.
No sweat, right? That was the equivalent of 1 joule of energy. A kilogram of cut grass
contains about 4 million joules, also known as megajoules (MJ). That’s slightly more
electricity than a kilowatt hour (or kWh).Air-dried wood, the most commonly used biomass,
contains around 15 MJ/kg. But if it’s oven-dried before it’s burned, that’s boosted to around
18 MJ/kg2

How can biomass generate electricity?

Biomass can generate electricity in a number of ways – but the most common is ‘direct
combustion’. This means burning the agricultural waste or wood to heat water. This produces
steam, which spins turbines. In some biomass plants, the extra steam can also be used in on-
site manufacturing processes, or for heating. This makes the whole process even more energy
efficient. Smart, right? There are many other ways to generate electricity using biomass.
Some scientists are even exploring the possibility of using what we’ll politely ca n human
waste’ to power homes!

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 Biomass challenges
While the process to create electricity is similar whether using a biomass fuel or a fossil
fuel, the equipment needed inside the plant is different. All of Energy’s power generation
facilities have been outfitted — and new acquisitions are upgraded — to allow for the
burning of biomass. As with any electrical generation process, the facility needs a steady
supply of fuel. In all cases, Energy has suppliers to deliver a steady stream of biomass, and
has engaged other suppliers to ensure the facilities have what they need. In addition, we
create fuel for other biomass consumers — as well as other products — at our recycling
facilities. When anything is burned, it can create emissions and ash. Our facilities have
state-of-the-art cleaning processes that keep emissions below state regulatory levels, and we
reuse our ash.

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10
 Conclusion
80% of biomass energy is produced for residential use. 18% of
biomass is produced for industrial use. 2% of biomass energy is
produced for transport. Biomass fuelled power plant operation is far
to go and there is enough scope of research for implementation
efficiently

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