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Principles of Management: Dr. A. Rashid Kausar

1. The document discusses different leadership models including transactional, transformational, charismatic, visionary, and team leadership. 2. Visionary leadership involves creating and articulating a realistic and attractive vision to improve the present situation. 3. Team leadership requires skills like patience, trusting others, and understanding when to intervene.

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zrd
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69 views30 pages

Principles of Management: Dr. A. Rashid Kausar

1. The document discusses different leadership models including transactional, transformational, charismatic, visionary, and team leadership. 2. Visionary leadership involves creating and articulating a realistic and attractive vision to improve the present situation. 3. Team leadership requires skills like patience, trusting others, and understanding when to intervene.

Uploaded by

zrd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Principles

of
Management
Learning Session # 40
Dr. A. Rashid Kausar
Re-cap
of
Session # 39
Strategic
Leadership Models
1.Transactional Leadership
2.Transformational Leadership
3.Charismatic Leadership
4.Visionary Leadership
5.Team Leadership
6.Knowledge Based Leadership
Visionary Leadership

The ability to create and


articulate a realistic,
credible, and attractive
vision that improves the
present situation.
Visionary Leadership
Visionary leader has the
ability to:
1. Explain the vision to others.
2. Express the vision verbally
and behaviorally.
3.Apply the vision to different
leadership contexts.
Team Leadership
It requires skills such as:
1. Patience to share
information.
2. Ability to trust others
and give up authority.
3. Understanding when to
intervene.
Gender and Leadership
When rated by peers, employees, and bosses,
women executives score better than male
counterparts
Explanations of difference in effectiveness
include:
1. Flexibility, teamwork, trust, and information sharing
are replacing rigid structures, competitive
individualism, control, and secrecy
2. Women managers listen, motivate, and provide
support
better than men
There is still no “one best” leadership style
Can’t assume that women’s style is always better
Leadership Styles in
Different Countries
Effectiveness of leadership style
influenced by national culture
Most leadership theories developed
in the U.S.
1.Emphasize follower responsibilities
rather than rights.
2. Stress rationality rather than spirituality
What Would You
Do?
You are the CEO of Unique
Food Co…
1. Your success is based on
your reputation and your
staff.
2. But, business is down and
employee benefits
expenses are increasing.
What Would You
Do?
3. You have three options:
eliminate health benefits,
find a cheaper plan, or pass
the cost to the employee!
How can you best make the
tough decision?
How involved should your
employees be in making it?
Understanding
Group
Behavior
Why People Join
Groups ?
1. Interpersonal Attraction
People are attracted to one
another.
2. Group Activities
Activities of the group
appeal to them.
Why People Join
Groups ?
3. Group Goals
Group’s goals motivate
them.
4. Need Satisfaction
Satisfies an individual’s
need for affiliation.
Security Status
What
Makes
Self-
Esteem
People Affiliation
Join
Groups?
Goal
Power Achievement
Foundations of
Work Groups
Two or more interdependent
individuals interacting and
influencing each other in
collective pursuit of
a common goal.
What is a Group?

Two or more interacting


and interdependent
individuals who come
together to achieve
particular goals!
Types of Groups?

Formal Groups

Informal Groups
Formal Groups
Group officially created by an
organisation for a specific purpose.
1. Command/Functional
2. Task Groups:
Permanent.
Temporary.
Task Group
A group created by
the organization to
accomplish a
relatively narrow
range of purposes
within a stated time
horizon.
Informal Groups:
Group established by employees
(not the organisation)
to serve members’ interests or
social needs.
Interest groups
Friendship groups
President
Groups
Groups and
and
Teams
Teams
Executive
committee
Legal
Advisor
in
in Organizations
Organizations

Vice Vice Vice


President 1 President 2 President 3

Project
Manager 1
Types of
Groups
Cross-Functional Team
(A Task Group)
Project
Manager 2
Functional Group

Informal Group
Project
Manager 3
Basic Group Concepts
1. Group Size
Effect on behavior of group
depends upon the type of
outcome and number of
persons in group.
Basic Group
Concepts
1. Group Size
1. Large groups - good for getting
diverse input
2. Small groups - good at making use
of information
3. Dispersion of responsibility in
large groups leads to free rider
tendency !
Basic Group
Concepts
2. Group Role.
Set of expected
behavior patterns
attributed to someone
who occupies a given
position in a social
unit or group.
Basic Group Concepts
2. Group Role
1. Group members have
particular roles oriented
towards task
accomplishment or
maintaining group member
satisfaction.
2. Individuals play multiple
roles.
Basic Group
Concepts
3. Group Norms

Acceptable standards or
expectations that are shared
by the group’s members.
Basic Group Concepts
3. Group Norms
Each group has:
1. its own unique set of norms.
2. Common norms related to
levels of effort and performance.
3. Exert powerful influence on
performance.
Basic Group
Concepts
4. Group Cohesiveness
Degree to which members are
attracted to a group and
share the group’s goals.
The group effectiveness
depends upon the alignment
of group and organizational
goals.
Basic Group Concepts
Effectiveness and Efficiency
of Group Decisions
1. Size of group affects
effectiveness.
2. The groups of 5-7 are the
most effective.
3. Odd number of members
helps avoid deadlocks.
Basic Group Concepts
Effectiveness and Efficiency of
Group Decisions
Steps must be taken to avoid
Group Think.
Conformity marked by
withholding different or
unpopular views in order to
give the appearance of
agreement.

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