Tafila Technical

University Faculty of
Engineering
Department of Mechanical
Engineering
Strength of Materials Laboratory
“Torsion Test”

Student Name: Ahmad Nader Ghawanmeh.

Student ID: 320180101053.

Experiment NO.: 4

Date: 5/5/2020

Instructor Name: Audai AL-Akailah.

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Contents:
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3

Background………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3

Objectives……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3

Discussion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4

Procedure……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4

Experiment Data………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….6

References………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….6

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- Introduction:
The purpose of torsion testing usually parallels that of uniaxial tension tests. In this
experiment, solid cylindrical specimen of steel or brass will be subjected to a torsional load.
The test will be conducted until failure (i.e. it will end in the fracture). During the test, the
angle of twist and the applied torque are measured as the test proceeds. From the applied
torque, the student will calculate the shear stress and shear strain of the tested material.
The modulus of rigidity will be obtained from the plotted graph and compared to reference
value.

- Background:
Torsional loads are created by propellers on aircraft, transmissions in cars or by highway
signs that are twisted by wind. Torsion loading results in twisting of one section of a body
with respect to a contiguous section. Torque is a moment that tends to twist a member
about its longitudinal axis. Shearing strains are induced in members under torsion. Shafts
are widely used in engineering applications to transmit power from one point to another. A
torque, T is applied to the shaft as shown in Figure 1 where the shaft is fixed at one end and
free at the other. As a result, complementary shear stresses are developed on the
longitudinal planes which cause a distortion of filaments.

Fig.1: Shaft

- Objectives:
1- To determine the modulus of rigidity, maximum shearing stress, maximum shearing
strain and Poisson`s ratio for the tested specimen.
2- To study the linearly elastic behavior of the tested specimen under torsion and to obtain
the relationship between torsional load and angle of twist for a full range of strains until
failure.

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 - Discussion:
• In a torque against angle of twist relationship, the modulus of rigidity or shear modulus
of the tested specimen can be determined by using the following relationship:

G = TL / Jφ

and G = τ / γ

where; T = applied torque L = length of the shaft, G = modulus of rigidity

φ = angle of twist within the tested length.

• The largest shear stress occurs at the outside surface of the material and can be
calculated using the following relationship:

τ = Tr / J where; τ = shear stress

r = radius of the shaft, J = polar moment of inertia of the shaft the shearing strain occurs along
the tested length of the shaft can be determined using the following relationship:

γ = rφ / L where; γ = shear strain

- Procedure:
Before measuring the weights that will be used as the applied load, the scale must be
calibrated. To do this, measure the weight of a previously weighted object, then adjust the
balance to reflect accurately the weighted object measurements, if possible. If this is not
possible, determine the difference between the weighted object and its original
measurement and adjust any future weighed loads by this difference.

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 - Experiment Data:
Table 1: Experiment data calculated

twisting Shear
Load(kg) Angel(degree) Load(N) twisting Angel(rad) Torque (N.mm) Shear Stress (Mpa) Strain(rad)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.5 1.4 14.715 0.024422222 88.29 0.878236564 0.002442222
3.9 3.4 38.259 0.059311111 229.554 2.283415066 0.005931111
5.4 4.8 52.974 0.083733333 317.844 3.16165163 0.008373333
9.3 8.2 91.233 0.143044444 547.398 5.445066696 0.014304444
11.55 10.3 113.3055 0.179677778 679.833 6.762421542 0.017967778
14.7 13.1 144.207 0.228522222 865.242 8.606718326 0.022852222

Modulus Of Rigidity
y = 377.31x + 0.0028
10
9 Modulus of
8 rigidity(G)=
7 3.7731 Gpa
Shear Stress(Mpa)

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025
Shear Strain(rad)

Fig.2: Modulus of Rigidity

• Modulus of rigidity(G) is the (x) coefficient:

G= 3.7731 Gpa

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- Conclusion:
As a result, from this experiment, we were able to analyse the deformation of the circular shaft
when subjected to torque. We also learned the test method to obtain the shear modulus of
elasticity for materials.

From the data shown, the shear modulus of elasticity G is affected mainly by the load applied and its
position, and the angle theta from before and after the load is applied. As the value of theta
increases, the shear modulus of elasticity decreases. Furthermore, an increase in either the load or
the distance from the load to the centre, will result in an increase in the shear modulus of elasticity.

- References:
1- https://www.studocu.com/en-us/document/university-of-north-texas/mechanics-of-
materials/assignments/lab-9-torsion-test-lab-report/3180661/view
2- https://www.academia.edu/39001990/Torsion_Test_Experiment_2