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17a81a0569 Steganography

The document discusses the topic of steganography, including its definition as hiding messages within other harmless messages. It covers the differences between steganography and cryptography, the evolution and types of steganography, how to hide an image using steganography, advantages like secret communication, and disadvantages like potential misuse.

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Bhargav NanIE
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64 views16 pages

17a81a0569 Steganography

The document discusses the topic of steganography, including its definition as hiding messages within other harmless messages. It covers the differences between steganography and cryptography, the evolution and types of steganography, how to hide an image using steganography, advantages like secret communication, and disadvantages like potential misuse.

Uploaded by

Bhargav NanIE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Seminar

On
Steganography

BY
G.KRISHNA
17A81A0569
Content
What is Steganography
Steganography v/s Cryptography
Evolution
Types
Dissecting Steganography
Steps for Hiding an Image Steganography
Advantages
Disadvantages
WHAT IS STEGANOGRAPHY

❑The word steganography literally means covered writing as derived from


Greek. Steganography is the art of concealing the existence of information
within seemingly innocuous carriers. In broad sense, term Steganography is
used for hiding message within an image.
❑Steganography is the art and science of communicating in a way which
hides the existence of the communication. In contrast to cryptography, where
the "enemy" is allowed to detect, intercept and modify messages without
being able to violate certain security premises guaranteed by a cryptosystem,
the goal of steganography is to hide messages inside other "harmless"
messages in a way that does not allow any "enemy" to even detect that there is
a second secret message present. Steganography is in the (especially military)
literature also referred to as transmission security or short TRANSEC.
STEGANOGRAPHY VS CRYPTOGRAPHY

❑Steganography can be viewed as akin to cryptography. Both have been used


throughout recorded history as means to protect information. At times these
two technologies seem to converge while the objectives of the two differ.
❑Cryptographic techniques "scramble" messages so if intercepted, the
messages cannot be understood. Steganography, an essence, "camouflages" a
message to hide its existence and make it seem "invisible" thus concealing the
fact that a message is being sent altogether. An encrypted message may draw
suspicion while an invisible message will not.
❑Steganography cannot be detected. Therefore, it is used when encryption is
not permitted. Or, more commonly, steganography is used to supplement
encryption. An encrypted file may still hide information using steganography,
so even if the encrypted file is deciphered, the hidden message is not seen.
EVOLUTION OF STEGANOGRAPHY

•CODE BREAKERS : David Kahn's The Code breakers and Bruce Norman’s
Secret Warfare: The Battle of Codes and Ciphers recounts numerous tales of
steganography .

•INVISIBLE INK : An innocent letter may contain a very different message


written between the lines with invisible ink. Common sources for invisible inks
are milk, vinegar, fruit juices and urine. All of these darken when heated. Later
on, more sophisticated inks were developed which react to various chemicals.

•MICRODOTS: The Germans developed microdot technology. Microdots are


photographs the size of a printed period having the clarity of standard-sized
typewritten pages. The first microdots were discovered masquerading as a period
on a typed envelope carried by a German agent in 1941. The message was not
hidden, nor encrypted. It was just so small as to not draw attention to itself (for a
while). Besides being so small, microdots permitted the transmission of large
amounts of data including drawings and photographs
TYPES OF STEGANOGRAPHY
➢MESSAGES IN TEXT program is called SPAM
MIMIC.
➢MESSAGES IN STILL IMAGES most popular tool is
outguess.
➢MESSAGES IN AUDIO data is hidden in layer III of
encoding process of MP3 file. Messages in audio are
always sent along with ambient noise.
➢MESSAGES IN VIDEO embedding information into
multimedia data has gained increasing attention lately.
AN EXAMPLE
Fishing freshwater bends and saltwater coasts rewards anyone feeling
stressed. Resourceful anglers usually find masterful leapers fun and admit
swordfish rank overwhelming anyday.

“Send lawyers guns and money”

•Most communication channels like telephone lines and radio broadcasts


transmit signals which are always accompanied by some kind of noise. This
noise can be replaced by a secret signal that has been transformed into a
form that is indistinguishable from noise without knowledge of a secret key
and this way, the secret signal can be transmitted undetectable.
DISSECTING STEGANOGRAPHY……..

00000000 11111111 10101010 ASCII CHARACTER CODE

01010100 01010100 10101010


D-01000100
01010100 01010100 I-
01101001
G-01100111
I-01101001
T-01110100

MSB

AMOUNT OF DATA STORED INSIDE A PICTURE


DISSECTING STEGANOGRAPHY……..

Suppose we have a 24-bit image 1024 x 768 (this is a common


resolution for satellite images, electronic astral photographs and other
high resolution graphics). This may produce a file over 2 megabytes in
size (1024x768x24/8 = 2,359,296 bits). All color variations are
derived from three primary colors, Red, Green and Blue. Each primary
color is represented by 1 byte (8 bits). 24-bit images use 3 bytes per
pixel. If information is stored in the least significant bit (LSB) of each
byte, 3 bits can be a stored in each pixel. The "container" image will
look identical to the human eye, even if viewing the picture side by
side with the original.
STEPS FOR HIDING AN IMAGE
USING STEGANOGRAPHY
❖ Start s-tool and window explorer using the later as drag and drop interface
the software.
❖ Drag and drop the image to be used as the carrier file from the explorer onto
the actions window in s-tool.
❖ Drag and drop the data file on the carrier file.

❖ Give pass phrase and encryption algorithm when prompted. Pass these to
receiver too.

❖ The hidden file is ready. Receiver has to click on the “reveal” button to
extract the data.
DIGITAL WATERMARKING
❖Usually carrier file carry hidden data unrelated to the
content in which it is embedded, but digital
watermarking holds information about its carrier
medium.
❖Information such as a number or a text into a
multimedia file can be added to carrier file through
slight data modification. this process has gained huge
acclaim from the media for enabling copyright for their
products.
❖Video steganography is more suited to avoiding piracy
and is mostly used for digital watermarking.
Types of digital watermarking
❑ ROBUST DIGITAL WATERMARKING A robust watermark is
embedded in the file in such a way that even if the file is later
transformed, the watermark will not be removed

❑ FRAGILE DIGITAL WATERMARKING is similar to fragile


analog watermarks-if the data is altered or copied in exactly, the
watermark is corrupted

For ensuring the integrity of data, digital signatures are


preferred but fragile digital watermarking can detect data tempering
without alerting the culprit. Compatible players refuse to play content
that does not bear a valid watermark.
WHAT IS “STEGANALYSIS”

❑The art of detecting, decoding and altering messages


hidden via steganography is called steganalysis. It is
easiest when before as well as after steganography
copies of file are present.
❑Steganalysis can make the hidden data work against
the creator. Any malicious interceptor could alter as
carrier file without the knowledge of sender or the
intended receiver. Hence inaccurate or wrong data could
be passed under identity of the original sender.
ADVANTAGES OF
STEGANOGRAPHY
➢ It can be used for safeguarding data,
such as in the field of media where
copywriting ensures authenticity.
➢ It can be used by intelligence agencies for
sending their secret data.
DISADVANTAGE OF
STEGANOGRAPHY

❑Many a terrorist and anti humanist


activities have been carried out cloaked
under this technique.
Thanks

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