Mathematics

Quarter 1 – Module 5A
Multiplying and Dividing Rational
Algebraic Expressions
Mathematics – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 5A Solving Rational Algebraic Expressions
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jenny O. Pendica, Alicia E. Gonzales

Language Editor: Merjorie G. Dalagan
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Reviewers: Rhea J. Yparraguirre, Nilo B. Montaño, Lilibeth S. Apat, Liwayway J. Lubang, Rhodora C.
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Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas
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Josephine Chonie M. Obseñares
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Elnie Anthony P. Barcena
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E-mail Address: [email protected]
 8

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 5A
Multiplying and Dividing
Rational Algebraic Expressions
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Multiplying and
Dividing Rational Algebraic Expressions!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from
public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Multiplying and
Dividing Rational Algebraic Expressions!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

ii
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
This part includes an activity that aims to check
What I Know what you already know about the lesson to take.
If you get all the answers correct (100%), you
may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced

to you in various ways; a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent practice
What’s More to solidify your understanding and skills of the
topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help

you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real
life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

mastery in achieving the learning competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to

you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

2iiivv iii
At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this

module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included
in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know

This module covers key concepts of operations on rational algebraic expressions. You are
also given varied activities to process your knowledge and skills learned to deepen and
transfer your understanding of the different lessons.

The module is divided into the following lessons:

Lesson 1: Multiplying Rational Algebraic Expressions; and

Lesson 2: Dividing Rational Algebraic Expressions.

In going through this module, you are expected to:

1. multiply rational algebraic expressions; and
2. divide rational algebraic expressions;

1
 What I Know

Choose the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. If you get
a perfect score, you may skip this module.

譠 t
1. Give the reduced form of
t
.
A. t C. 2
B. D. 5
t t
2. What are the common factors in the numerators and denominators of ?
t
A. t C. t
B. t D. t
3. Find the product of
t t
tt
.
A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4
4. Write as one fraction and simplify .
A. C.
B. D.
t t
5. Find the common factors of the numerator and denominator of .
t 譠 t
A. t C. t t
B. t D. t t
t t
6. What is the product of ?
t 譠 t
t
A. t
C. t
t
B. D.

7. What is the quotient of ?

A. C.

B. D.
t t
8. From , what is the divisor?
t t
A. C.
t
t t
B. D.
t
t t 譠
9. What common factors can be found in dividing ?
A. and t C. and t
B. and t 譠 D. and t 譠

2
10. Perform the indicated operation
t t
.
A. C.
B. t D.
t

t t
11. Given as one factor of the rational algebraic expression , what is the other
factor?
A. C.
B. D.

12. Divide with .

t
t
A. C.
t
t
B. D.
t

13. Below are the steps in finding the quotients of rational algebraic expressions. Which
of the following is in correct order?
I. Divide out common factors.
II. Simplify the remaining factors.
III. Find the reciprocal of the divisor and proceed to multiplication.
IV. Determine the dividend and divisor of the given expression.

A. I, II, III C. IV, III, I, II

B. II, III, IV D. IV, I, II, III
t t t t
14. Given the expression tt tt 譠
, which of the following statements is true?
t t
A. The divisor is tt
.
tt
B. The reciprocal of the divisor is t t
.
C. The common factors that can be divided out are t tt .
t t t t t
D. The quotient obtained after dividing the expressions tt tt 譠
is t .

15. Your classmate multiplied rational algebraic expressions as presented below.

Is your classmate’s solution correct?

A. Yes. There is a need to get the reciprocal of the second factor.
B. Yes. The product obtained after multiplying the expressions is correct.
C. No. Getting the reciprocal is not applicable in multiplying rational expressions.
D. No. The product obtained after multiplying the rational algebraic expressions
is wrong.

1
Lesson
Multiplying Rational Algebraic
1 Expressions
Whether you go by the boat, by car, or by plane, traveling can be a lot of fun. It is also very
educational as it gives you first hand experiences about things you just see on TV or read in
the papers or in books.

But do you realize how much mathematical concepts can be involved in traveling? For

example, do you know how far you can reach by a bus if it is traveling km/h for of an
hour?

What’s In

Rational algebraic expressions are multiplied the same way as you would multiply regular
fractions. So, let us recall multiplication of fractions.
Directions: Match the expressions in Column A with its product in Column B and answer the
questions that follow. Use another paper for your answer.
Column A Column B
1. A.
譠
2. B.

3. C.
譠

4. D.

5. E.

F.

Questions:
1. Do the fractions in Item 1 of Column A have greatest common factor (GCF) other than 1?
2. Do the fractions in Items 2 – 4 in Column A have GCFs other than 1? How did you find
them?
3. What did you do to the GCFs of Items 2-4 in Column A? Why?
4. Based from your experience of answering the items in the activity, were you able to divide
out a factor of one fraction paired with a factor of the other fraction? Was it allowed?
5. How do you multiply fractions?

2
 What’s New

Situation:
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (CoVID-19) affects almost everyone around the globe.
Governments have employed various proactive measures to flatten the curve of its spread.
All these measures head towards the aim of keeping everyone at home as much as possible.
In effect, many have lost their jobs and food on the table become scarce. Driven by the spirit
of helpfulness, your churchmates distribute relief goods to different places. Using the
church’s vehicle, they travel at a speed of 譠 th . How far will your churchmates reach
after minutes of travel? Suppose the distance (in t) is represented by , and the time
(in ) is represented by , how far will your churchmates reach if they travel
t
譠
Complete the table below and answer the questions that follow. The first one is
done for illustration. Remember that thh ݅th ݁݅ t h.
Speed Time Distance
譠
1 譠 th t݅ h . t t

2 譠 th .
t
3 譠 th .
譠

Questions:

1. How did you solve for distance?

2. In answering the activity, what did you do to the common factors in the numerator
and denominator? Why?
3. What do you call each entry of Columns 2 and 3?
4. How do you multiply rational algebraic expressions?

What is It

The concept of multiplying the numerators and the denominators of fractions also applies to
multiplying rational algebraic expressions. For example, the distance in the previous activity
is solved by multiplying the numerators and denominators of the speed and time of travel. In
addition to just multiplying the numerators and denominators, there are methods of reducing
the product into its lowest forms. Multiplying rational algebraic expressions and methods of
reducing the product in lowest form will be discussed using series of examples.

3
The first two examples will be using monomials to illustrate multiplication of rational algebraic
expressions.
Method 1: Divide Out Greatest Common Monomial Factor (GCMF) After Multiplying

Example 1:

Solution:
Step 1. Multiply the numerators and denominators of the given rational algebraic
expressions.

Multiply the numerators.

Multiply the denominators.

Step 2: Find the GCMF of the product of numerators and denominators.

Look for prime factors.

Look for prime factors.

鬀⩸ Look for the common

factors from the two groups
of factors.

Step 3: Divide out the GCMF of the product of numerators and denominators.

Product (not yet reduced)

Divide out GCMF.

Step 4: Simplify the remaining factors.

⡷ Product in reduced form.

Method 2: Divide Out Greatest Common Monomial Factor (GCMF) Before Multiplying

Example 2:

Solution:
Step 1. Find the GCMF of the of numerators and denominators

Look for prime factors of the

two numerators.

Look for prime factors of the

two denominators.

鬀⩸ Look for common factors from

the numerators and

4
 denominators.

Step 2: Divide out the GCMF of the numerators and denominators.

Factorization of the numerators

and denominators.

Divide out GCMF.

Step 3: Simplify the remaining factors.

Remaining factors

Multiply the numerators.

Multiply the denominators.

Product in reduced form.

The methods illustrated by the previous examples can also be used to rational algebraic
expressions involving polynomials.
Method 1: Divide Out Greatest Common Monomial Factor (GCMF) After Multiplying

t
Example 1:
t

Solution:
Step 1. Multiply the numerators and denominators of the given rational algebraic
expressions.

t t Distributive Property

t Simplified

t t Distributive Property

t Simplified

Step 2: Find the GCMF of the product of numerators and denominators.

t t Factoring Difference of
Two Squares

t Factoring the Greatest

Common Monomial
Factor (GCMF)

t t Factoring the Greatest

Common Monomial

5
 Factor (GCMF)

鬀൥⩸ t Look for the common

factors from the
numerators and
denominators.

Step 3: Divide out the GCMF of the product of numerators and denominators.

t t Product (not yet reduced)

t t
t Factored form of the
t numerator and
denominator.

t Divide out the GCMF.

t

Step 4: Simplify the remaining factors.

t Remaining factors
t
( Distributive Property

Product in reduced
form.

Method 2: Divide Out Greatest Common Monomial Factor (GCMF) Before Multiplying

t t
Example 2:
t 譠
Solution:
Step 1. Find the GCMF of the of numerators and denominators

t t t t Factor the trinomial.

t t Retain the other factor and

write the factors of the
trinomial.

t 譠 t 譠 Factor the trinomial.

t t Write the factors of the

trinomial and retain the other
factor.

鬀⩸ t t Look for common factors from

the numerators and
denominators.

6
Step 2: Divide out the GCMF of the numerators and denominators.

t t t t Factorization of the numerators

t 譠 t t and denominators.

t t Divide out GCMF.

t t

Step 3: Simplify the remaining factors.

t t Product in reduced form.

t 譠

DON’T FORGET

In multiplying rational algebraic expressions, either before or after multiplying, always

divide out the common factors to attain the product in reduced form.

What’s More

A. Find the product of the following rational algebraic expressions by dividing out the
GCMF after multiplying. Use another paper for your answers.
t
1. 2. t
Questions:

1. What was the first step that you did to find the products of the problems given?
2. What did you do to the GCMFs that you found in each of the items? Why?
3. What did you do last?

B. Find the product of the following rational algebraic expressions by dividing out the
GCMF before multiplying.
t
1. 2.
t

Questions:

1. What was the first step that you did to find the products of the problems given?
2. What did you do to the GCMFs that you found in each of the items? Why?

7
 3. What did you do last?

C. Find the product. You may use any of the discussed methods to perform the operation.
t
1.
t
Questions:
1. What method did you use?
2. What made you decide whether to use Method 1 or Method 2?

What I Have Learned

Situation: Your classmate asks for help to complete the solution-explanation card of the
problem below. Please do help!

Explanation
Solution
I know how to ________________.

t First, _______________________.

After that, ___________________.

Then, ______________________.

Finally, _____________________.

8
 What I Can Do

Situation: Your friend is planting sweet potato on a rectangular plot. Suppose the number of
t
sweet potatoes planted is represented by and the length of the plot is units while the

width is units.

Questions:
1. What shall your friend do to find the area of the rectangular plot?
2. What is the area of the rectangular plot? Show your solution.

Lesson
Dividing Rational Algebraic
2 Expressions
The previous lesson made you understand that multiplying rational algebraic expressions is
the same with multiplying fractions. Do you think dividing rational algebraic expressions is
also the same with dividing fractions?

What’s In

Recall dividing fractions. Match the expression in Column A with its quotient in Column
B. Write your answers on another sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
1. A.

2. B.

3. C.

4. D.

5. E.

F.

9
Questions:
1. In each item in Column A, which of the expression is what you call the divisor – is it
the fraction that comes first or second?
2. What did you do to the divisors to find the quotients?
3. What operation did you use to replace the division operation?
4. What did you do to the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of Items 2, 3, and 5? Why
did you do so?
5. How do you divide fractions?

What’s New

t
Ellen, a Grade 8 student, was assigned to solve the problem: . To solve this,
t t
she performed the following steps:
Step 1. Applying her knowledge in dividing fractions, she rewrote the problem as
t t
t

Step 2. Multiply.

t t t t
t t

t t
Step 3. Ellen concluded that t
is the quotient of the given rational
algebraic expressions in its simplest form.

Question:
1. Is Ellen’s answer correct? Elaborate your answer.
2. What did Ellen do in Step 1?
3. What suggestions could you make to help Ellen in Step 2?
4. What is the quotient of the given rational algebraic expressions?
5. How would you divide the rational algebraic expressions?

10
 What is It

The quotient of two rational algebraic expressions is the product of the dividend and
the reciprocal of the divisor. In symbols,
t t t
譠

To help you understand how to divide rational algebraic expressions, examine the examples
below.

Example 1:
t

Solution:
Step 1. Determine the dividend and divisor of the expression.

݁݅ ݅ h ݁݅ ݅
Step 2: Find the reciprocal of the divisor.

Reciprocal means its

multiplicative inverse.

Step 3: Multiply the dividend with the reciprocal of the divisor.

Multiply numerator with

t t numerator.

Multiply denominator with

t denominator.

Distributive Property
t

Quotient in reduced
t form

t t
Example 2:
t t

11
Solution:
Step 1. Determine the dividend and divisor of the expression.

t t
t t

݁݅ ݅ h ݁݅ ݅

Step 2: Find the reciprocal of the divisor.

t Reciprocal of the divisor
t is its multiplicative
inverse.

Step 3: Multiply the dividend with the reciprocal of the divisor.

t t t t t Dividend times the

t t t reciprocal of divisor.

t t t Factoring Trinomial
t (numerator 1)

t t t Factoring the GCMF

t (numerator 1)

t t t Divide out GCMF.

t

t t Simplify the remaining

factors.

t t t Distributive Property

t Quotient in reduced form

Example 3:

Solution:
Step 1. Determine the dividend and divisor of the expression.

݁݅ ݅ h ݁݅ ݅

Step 2: Find the reciprocal of the divisor.

Reciprocal of the divisor

is its multiplicative
inverse.

12
Step 3: Multiply the dividend with the reciprocal of the divisor.

Dividend times the

reciprocal of the divisor.

Factoring Trinomial
(numerator 1 and
denominator 1)

Divide out GCMF.

Use FOIL to simplify the

remaining factors. (See
process below.)

Quotient

F L

I
O
Terms Multiplied Expression Product Final Product
First Terms
Outer Terms
Inner Terms
Last Terms
૟

F L

I
O
Terms Multiplied Expression Product Final Product
First Terms
Outer Terms
Inner Terms
Last Terms

13
 What’s More

Divide the following rational algebraic expressions and answer the questions that
follow.
tt
A. B.
t t

Questions:
1. From the expressions, which is the divisor? What did you do to it to get the
quotient?
2. What factoring techniques did you use to find the GCMF? What did you do to the
GCMFs?
3. How did you simplify the quotient?

C.
t

Questions:
1. From the expression, which is the divisor? What did you do to the divisor to find the
quotient?
2. What factoring techniques did you use to find the GCMF? What did you do to the
GCMFs?
3. How did you simplify the resulting expression?

What I Have Learned

Situation: You take the lead in explaining to your group the solution of the problem below.
Complete your explanation below. You may choose words, terms, or phrases form the box.

t t

As you all know, the problem is telling us to ______________________________________.

To begin solving this, we have to _______________________________________________.
You have to remember that the ____________________ is the expression that follows after
the ______________________. So now, because the divisor is
_______________________, its reciprocal is __________________________. Then, we
need to factor our numerators and _________________. By Factoring Trinomial, t

14
 . After factoring we have to change the operation to be used, from
division it will become __________. Then, we have to _________________ common factors
to ensure that our quotient will be in ________________. So, the common factors to be
divided out are ____________________. Finally, the simplified remaining factors
_____________________ is our quotient.

determine the
divisor multiplication t denominator
divisor
t t
divide out division sign
divide rational algebraic
reduced form expressions
t t
t

What I Can Do

Read the situation below and answer the questions that follow.
Your school organized a tree planting activity participated by all learners and
teachers in Grades 7 to 10. To protect the newly planted trees from the harsh environment, a
triangular tree guard was installed. The base ( ) of one side of the triangular tree guard in
terms of is t
݅ and its area ( ) is square units.

Questions:

1. What is the height (h) of the triangular tree guard in terms of ? (Recall that ).

2. What did you do to find the height of the triangular tree guard?

Assessment

Choose the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
t
1. What is the reduced form of
t
?
A. C.
B. D.

15
 t t
2. What are the common factors in the numerators and denominators of ?
t
A. t C. t
B. t D. t
3. Find the product of
t t
tt
.
A. C.

B. D.

4. What is the simplest form of ?

A. C.

B. D.

5. What are the common factors in the numerators and denominators of

t t
?
t 譠 t

A. C. t
B. t D. t t
t t
6. Find the product of .
t 譠 t
t t 譠 t t
A. C.
t t t t
B. D.
t t
7. What is the quotient of ?
t
A. C.
t
B. D. 譠
t
8. Given as one factor of the rational algebraic expression , what is the other
factor?
t t
A. C.
t t
B. D.
9. Find the quotient of
t
.
t t 譠
A. C.
B. t
t 譠 D.
t
10. What is the divisor in the given expression ?

A. C.
t
t t
B. D.

2
 t
11. What factor or factors can be divided out in ?
A. t C. t
B. D.
12. What is the quotient when is divided by ?
t t
t t
A. C.

B. D.
t
13. Below are the steps in finding the product of rational algebraic expressions. Which is
the correct order?
I. Divide out the GCMF of the numerators and denominators.
II. Find the GCMF of the of numerators and denominators.
III. Simplify the remaining factors.

A. I, II, III C. II, III, I

B. I, III, II D. II, I, III

t t t t
14. Given the expression tt tt 譠
, which of the following statements is FALSE?
t t
A. The divisor is tt 譠
.
tt 譠
B. The reciprocal of the divisor is t t
.
C. The common factors that can be divided out are t tt .
t t t t t
D. The quotient obtained after dividing the expressions tt tt 譠
is t
.

15. Your classmate divided rational algebraic expressions as presented below.

Is your classmate’s solution correct?

A. Yes. The solution presented is correct.
B. Yes. Common factors can be directly divided out.
C. No. The correct answer should be equal to .
D. No. Get the reciprocal of the divisor first, then multiply.

1
 Additional Activities

Write a poem about multiplying and dividing rational algebraic expressions. You may
include your experience in going through the activities in this lesson. Use a separate sheet of
paper. The following will be the rubric for rating your output.

Categories and Beginning (2) Developing (3) Accomplished Exemplary (5)

Criteria (4)
Content Demonstrate Demonstrate 6 - Demonstrate 8 - Demonstrate 10
0 – 5 correct 7 correct ideas 9 correct ideas or more correct
ideas about the about the about the ideas about the
lesson. lesson. lesson. lesson.
Conventions The poem has The poem has The poem has No errors in
51% or more 31% - 50% 11% -30% spelling and
errors in errors in errors in grammar.
spelling and spelling and spelling and
grammar. grammar. grammar.
Originality The poem is The poem 31% The poem is The poem is
51% - 100 % - 50% copied 11% -30% 0%-10%
copied from from another copied from copied.
another source. source. another source.

21
 22
What I Know What’s In
What’s New
1. A 1. B
2. D 2. C 2.
3. A 3. A
t
4. B 4. E 3.
t
5. D 5. D
t
Questions:
6. B
Questions:
7. D 1. Multiply speed with time.
8. A 1. None.
2. Common factors are divided
9. C 2. Yes; By factorization.
out; To reduce the product into
10. A 3. Divide out common factors;
its lowest term.
To reduce the product into
11. B
its lowest term. 3. Rational algebraic
12. C 4. Yes; Yes. expressions.
13. C 5. Multiply numerator with
14. D numerator and denominator 4. Multiply numerator with
15. C with denominator; divide numerator and denominator with
out common factors, denominator; divide out
simplify the remaining common factors, simplify the
factors. remaining factors.
What’s More What I Have Learned
A. 1. 2.
Questions:
t t
.
1. Multiply numerator with numerator
and denominator with denominator.

t
2. Divide out common factors.
t
3. Simplify the remaining factors.
t
B. 1. 2. t
Questions:
What I Can Do
1. Factorize the numerators and
denominators. 1. Multiply the length and the width.
2. Divide out; To reduce the product 2.
into its lowest term.
ૺ
3. Simplify the remaining factors. units = square units
t t
݅
C. 1.
Answer Key
 23
Lesson 2
What’s In
6. F What’s New
7. A
8. B
1. No. t is factorable as
9. C common factor can be divided
t . Hence,
10. D out.
Questions: 2. Get the reciprocal of the
divisor and change the
6. Second. operation to division.
7. Get the reciprocal or multiplicative
inverse. 3. Factor out
8. Multiplication. out common factors before
t first, divide
9. Divide out; To reduce quotient into its multiplying the remaining
lower terms. factors.
10. Identify the dividend and divisor;
4.
determine the reciprocal of the
divisor and change the operation to 5. Identify the dividend and
multiplication; factor the numerators divisor; determine the reciprocal
and denominators; divide out of the divisor and change the
common factors; simplify remaining operation to multiplication; factor
factors. the numerators and
denominators; divide out
common factors; simply
Assessme
nt
1. D 11. D
2. A 12.D
3. C 13. D
4. D 14. D
5. D 15.D
6.B
7.A
8. B
9. A
10.A
References
Abuzo, E.P., Bryant, M.L., Cabrella, J.B., Caldez, B.P., Callanta, M.M., Castro, A.I.,
Halabaso, A.R., et. al (2013). Mathematics 8 - Learner’s Module. Department of
Education, Pasig City, Philippines, pp. 81-104

http://www.kutasoftware.com/FreeWorksheets/Alg2Worksheets/Adding+Subtracting%20Rati
onal%20Expressions.pdf
Date Retrieved: December 3, 2019

https://cdn.kutasoftware.com/Worksheets/Alg1/Multiplying%20Rational%20Expressions.pdf
Date Retrieved: December 3, 2019

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