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07 Communication Network and Control - pdf07 Communication Network and Contro

The document discusses communication networks and control for smart grids. It covers topics like advanced metering infrastructure, distribution automation, reliability, network architecture design challenges, wireless and mesh network technologies, cybersecurity controls and threats, and concepts from aviation reliability. The overall goal is to design secure and reliable two-way communication between domains in smart grids.

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Muhammad Faizan
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
60 views

07 Communication Network and Control - pdf07 Communication Network and Contro

The document discusses communication networks and control for smart grids. It covers topics like advanced metering infrastructure, distribution automation, reliability, network architecture design challenges, wireless and mesh network technologies, cybersecurity controls and threats, and concepts from aviation reliability. The overall goal is to design secure and reliable two-way communication between domains in smart grids.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Faizan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 40

Communication Network and Control

Dr. Tariq Javid

Hamdard.EDU.PK

Dr. Tariq Javid Lecture 07 :: Comm. Network and Control 1 / 40


Introduction

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Need of Communication Network
An important issue in smart grid is to design a network
architecture which is capable of providing secure and
reliable two-way communication between domains

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Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Two-Way communications between smart meters/devices


Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI):
Allow utilities to provide real-time pricing information
Allow utilities to react quickly to potential power issues
Allow electric companies (and consumers) to
communicate directly with the smart devices
Reduce power usage by devices during peak periods
Drastically reduce cost of energy used by the consumer
Reduce amount of energy needed by power grid

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Monitor and Control

Smart grids utilize phasor measurement units (PMUs)


PMUs test voltage and current several times a second
Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) consists of
many PMUs
WAMS offers a way to monitor electricity in real-time
Smart grids use distribution automation to remotely
control operations performed by grid managers
This allows faster and more flexible power adjustments

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Multilevel State Estimation

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WAMS-DD System Architecture and Model

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Distribution Automation

Automated distribution networks reroute electricity during


outages: hospitals, police stations, and fire departments
They reconfigure system automatically, a process known
as self-healing, to restore power to customers
Smart grids use a system of distribution lines that are
connected to multiple substations
This increases amount of power that grid can supply

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Reliability
Reliability is defined as probability of success
Reliability = 1 - Probability of failure
Related terms: Failure Rate, MTBF, MTTF, MTTR

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Software Reliability

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Network Architecture Design Challenge

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Communication Network Categories

Power Line Communication

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IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN

Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11)


IEEE 802.11 family standards with their maturity and
cost effectiveness, have been extensively deployed for
wireless access and home entertainment networking
For smart grid applications, main issue is how to
effectively apply this technology to handle last mile
communication

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Data Aggregation Point (DAP)
IEEE 802.11 WLAN access point (AP) which operates in
a single hop (infrastructure mode), can be used as a
gateway [e.g., representing data aggregation point
(DAP)] between meters and AMI head-end

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Wireless Sensor Area Network Technologies

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Multihop Communication

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Mesh Network

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Mesh Network Architecture

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Mesh Network Architecture

Architecture and design of flexible mesh networking plays


a crucial role in reliable access to/from meters
For instance, to avoid service disruption, routing protocols
must be robust to link failures
In most cases however, covering a residential area may
not terminate in a single access point, but requires DAPs

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Mesh Network Architecture

In this architecture a meter represents a home gateway


node that provides access to home appliances as well as
functioning as mesh node that can communicate with its
DAP located on neighborhood distribution poles
To deploy IEEE 802.11 WLAN devices to represent a
meter as a mesh node, it would be necessary for these
nodes to operate in distributed mode (i.e., as a router)
To design a peer-to-peer multihop mesh topology, these
nodes operate in infrastructure and distributed mode

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Node Types

Mesh Relay Station (MRS) represents relay node


Mesh Station with Access point (MSAP) represents a
residential meter and operates as gateway of home
network to meter and from meter toward its local DAP
DAP Station (DS) represents neighborhood gateway point
Master Gateway Station (MGS) represents AMI head-end

Slave node represents in-home device and operates in


infrastructure mode

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Multi-Gatway Routing

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N Gateway Scenario

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Multi-DAP Network

Second step: Real-time traffic scheduling using timer


Third step: Multichannel wireless mesh routing using
non-overlapping frequency bands to each gateway

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Need of Cybersecurity Controls

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Basis of Proposed Model

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Levels of Subsystem Impact

Levels of Subsystem Impact


1 Level A (or High): failure of these systems are likely to
cause failure across tens of thousands of nodes
2 Level B (or Medium): failure of these systems may cause
loss of power to hundreds or even thousands of nodes in
a smaller geographic area
3 Level C (or Low): failure of these systems may cause
localized failure

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Fail-Safe Operation

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Defense-in-Depth

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IT Best Practices

IT best practices combine several cybersecurity systems


such as firewalls, role-based access control functionality,
malicious software protection systems, encryption of data
at rest and in transit, and host and network intrusion
detection systems, etc.
These systems and more are necessary parts of a modern
control system architecture

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Cybersecurity Threats are Real

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Rethink Grid Control Architecture

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Aviation Reliability Concepts

A commercial aircraft is arguably one of the most


complex systems ever devised
At core of aircraft design is the concept that an aircraft is
not a single huge complex system; rather it is a large set
of relatively small semi-independent systems, each of
which mostly performs a small set of similar or related
tasks
Within an aircraft, each system is categorized by
criticality level as mentioned above

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Aviation Reliability Concepts

Bulk Electrical System has a requirement to have what is


called N-1 reliability
In this concept, no single failure can have a catastrophic
impact on the overall electrical grid
Aviation reliability requirements, in contrast, have what
may be called N-3 reliability
“For safety critical command and control functions: a
system design that requires at least three independent
failures, or three independent human errors, or a
combination of three independent failures and human
errors”

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Aviation Reliability Concepts

Another key concept of aviation system design is that its


interfaces are message-based rather than the typical
Internet reliance on the more open connection-based
application communication designs
This allows the system code to protect itself against basic
message errors – however they occur
Un-requested responses, oversize responses, data fields
that do not match the data label in type or size,
corrupted messages, out-of-bound inputs, etc.
These events are handled by design and testing

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Aviation Reliability Concepts

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Aviation Reliability Concepts

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Aviation Reliability Concepts

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References

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References

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