Technological Institute of the Philippines

#938 Aurora Boulevard, Cubao, Quezon City

College of Engineering and Architecture

Electronics Engineering Department

Title:
Experiment #

Submitted by:

Submitted to:
Engr. Mark Nelson E. Pangilinan

Date:
October 9, 2020
I. Objectives:
The activity aims to give knowledge and concept in the semiconductor diode circuit
operation.

II. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

The students shall be able to:
1) identify the different characteristics of semiconductor diodes;
2) learn the diodes polarity and understand the proper bias connection;
3) understand the Voltage and Current characteristics of diode including its operation.

III. Data and Results (Tables, Screenshots of circuits, Computations, etc.)

Activity 1
To determine the diode polarity, connect the circuit as represented in the block diagram:

a.) Forward Bias

Table 1.1 Diode Current

b.) Reverse
Circuit Current (mA)
Bias
1 1.583 mA
2 20.256 nA
Activity 2

To illustrate the forward biased diode characteristics, connect the circuit shown in the block
diagram

SIMULATION
DATA
VS (V) VR (V) VD (V) I (mA)
0 0 0 0
0.1 18.908 µV 99.981 mV 189.081 nA
0.2 149.154 µV 199.851 mV 1.492 µA
0.3 1.032 mV 298.968 mV 10.318 µA
0.4 6.44 mV 393.56 mV 64.399 µA
0.5 28.86 mV 471.14 mV 288.6 µA
0.6 77.646 mV 522.353 mV 776.465 µA
0.7 145.229 mV 554.771 mV 1.452 mA
0.8 223.009 mV 576.99 mV 2.23 mA
0.9 306.52 mV 593.479 mV 3.065 mA
1.0 393.554 mV 606.445 mV 3.936 mA
1.1 482.929 mV 617.069 mV 4.829 mA
1.2 573.958 mV 626.041 mV 5.74mA
1.3 666.208 mV 633.791 mV 6.662 mA
1.4 759.395 mV 640.603 mV 7.594 mA
1.5 853.323 mV 646.675 mV 8.533 mA
2.0 1.33 V 669.842 mV 13.302 mA
2.5 1.814 V 686.095 mV 18.139 mA
3.0 2.301 V 698.617 mV 23.014 mA

IV. Discussion of results

V. Conclusion

In this activity, our group understand the voltage and current characteristics of diode including
its operation by using the Multisim software application. We also learn how to measure the
current flowing in the circuit from the reading on the MCM and how we remove the diode and
change its polarity to make it reverse biased. We gained also some knowledge on how we
can identify the forward and reverse bias operation of the diode. Therefore, we conclude as a
group that from the data we collected, the polarity can affect current flow in the circuit.
 VI. Assessment task
1.) From the data collected, how does the polarity affect current flow in the circuit? 

2.) Differentiate a forward and reversed biased diode connection. 

The Forward bias decreases the resistance of the diode whereas the reversed bias increases
the resistance of the diode. In forward biasing the current is easily flowing through
the circuit whereas reverse bias does not allow the current to flow through it.

3.) Give applications on how diodes are used in electrical and electronic circuits? Briefly
discuss their operations.

As a simplest semiconductor component, diode has a wide variety of applications in modern

electronic systems. This device can be operated by controlling the voltage applied to it.
 Rectifiers - The most common and important application of a diode is the rectification
of AC power to DC power. Using the diodes, we can construct different types of rectifier
circuits. The basic types of these rectifier circuits are half wave, full wave center tapped
and full bridge rectifiers. A single or combination of four diodes is used in most of the
power conversion applications. Below figure shows diode operation in a rectifier.

 Clipper Circuits - Clipping circuits are used in FM transmitters where noise peaks are
limited to a particular value so that excessive peaks are removed from them. The
clipper circuit is used to put off the voltage beyond the preset value without disturbing
the remaining part of the input waveform. Based on the diode configuration in the
circuit, these clippers are divided into two types; series and shunt clipper and again
these are classified into different types.
 Clamping Circuits -  clamper circuit is used to shift or alter either positive or negative
peak of an input signal to a desired level. This circuit is also called as level shifter or
DC restorer. These clamping circuits can be positive or negative depends on the diode
configuration. In positive clamping circuit, negative peaks are raised upwards so the
negative peaks fall on the zero level. In case of the negative clamping circuit, positive
peaks are clamped so that it pushes downwards such that the positive peaks fall on
the zero level.

 In Logic Gates - Diodes can also perform digital logic operations. Low and high
impedance states of logic switch are analogous to the forward and reverse-biased
conditions of the diode respectively. Thus, the diode can perform logic operations such
as AND, OR, etc. Although diode logic is an earlier method with some limitations, these
are used in some applications. The below figure shows the OR gate logic implemented
using a pair of diodes and a resistor.
 Voltage Multipliers - Voltage multiplier consist of two or more diode rectifier circuits
which are cascaded to produce a DC output voltage equal to the multiplier of the
applied input voltage. These multiplier circuits are of different types like voltage
doubler, tripler, quadrupler, etc. By the usage of diodes combination with capacitors,
we get the odd or even multiple of the input peak voltage at the output.