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TR 56 Part 2 – Requirements for custody transfer (LNG bunkering

technical specification)

Presentation · September 2017

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Thomas Y. Wu
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 TR 56 Part 2 – Requirements for custody
transfer
Launch of TR 56 : 2017
Mr Sanjay Verma
Co-convenor, WG on LNG Bunkering Specifications

Dr Thomas Wu
Member, WG on LNG Bunkering Specifications

28 Apr 2017

Image courtesy of Singapore LNG Corporation

 Part 2 –
Requirements for custody transfer

Overview

Custody transfer procedures

LNG quality measurement
LNG quantity measurement

Note: Truck-to-ship transfer is expected to be the predominant mode in the near

future and as such, it is covered specifically in this edition. Custody transfer
requirements via the other transfer modes will be gradually added in subsequent
editions when such modes become more prevalent.

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 Custody transfer procedures
Quantity
(Mass of LNG
bunkered)
Bunker
Energy Content Delivery
Note (BDN)
Calorific Value
(From LNG
composition)

• Quantity of LNG bunkered determined by either Weighbridges or Mass

Flow Meters (MFM)

• Calorific value (CV) calculated from composition of LNG

• Energy content calculated from mass of the LNG bunkered and CV

E = M * CV

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 LNG quality

 LNG bunker supplier and buyer shall have prior written

agreement with respect to bunker specifications

 Bunker supplied shall conform to the agreed specifications

 Certificate of quality (COQ) provided by LNG bunker

supplier shall be representative of the bunker delivered

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 LNG quality

• Unless otherwise required by authorities, retained samples are not required in

the presence of the COQ
 For truck to ship transfer:
 LNG on-board trucks - Closed storage system
 LNG composition not expected to vary as aging would be insignificant
from the time it is loaded at the truck loading facility until the time of
transfer

• To ensure LNG quality for subsequent delivery, heel should not be more than
10% of the total volume of the truck storage tank

• LNG sampling & quality measurement methods covered in informative Annexes

.
 LNG bunker delivery note (BDN)
Page 1 of 2

.
 LNG bunker delivery note (BDN)
Page 1 of 2

.
 Methane number

 Methane number (MN)

 Is used to define the knock resistance of a gaseous fuel in pure gas or
duel fuel engines. It is therefore used only as a guide to determine
engine performance.
 Heavier hydrocarbons have lower MN than pure methane.
 Methane number varies depending on the source of LNG.
 Many compositions can result in the same Calculated MN.
 Several methods have been used to calculate MN, four of which are
widely used.
 MWM method is likely to result in a new ISO standard. The equations
have been published in EN 16726.

 Details on MN can be found in Informative Annex G

.
 Dispute resolution

 Quality dispute
In the event of any dispute with respect to the quality of bunker(s)
delivered, the vessel/buyer should tender a complaint in writing to the
LNG bunker supplier within 14 days (or such extended period as may be
agreed between the parties) after the bunker delivery.
 A copy of the complaint with a copy of the BDN should simultaneously
be lodged with the "Executive Director, Singapore Shipping Association"
and the implementing authority.

 Quantity dispute
In the event of any dispute with respect to the quantity of bunker(s)
delivered, the PIC or Chief Engineer shall record it in the Note of Protest

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 LNG quantity measurement

 Delivered quantity shall be based on the LNG bunker

supplier’s quantity measurement system

 Quantity of bunker supplied shall be determined by one of

the following methods:
 Weighbridge
 Coriolis mass flow meter (MFM)

 Determination of the delivered quantity in the BDN:

 Person-in-charge (PIC) shall complete BDN
 Chief Engineer or his/her representative shall witness and verify all
calculations and readings

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 LNG quantity measurement

 Calibration of quantity measurement equipment shall be

traceable to SI through national primary standards maintained
at a national metrology institute (NMI) & issued with ISO
17025 endorsed report or NMI calibration report
 Measuring equipment shall be verified by an Authorised
Verifier (AV) designated by the national weights and measures
authority
 LNG bunker supplier shall provide a certificate of verification
issued by the AV

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 LNG quantity measurement

Using weighbridge
 Before:
• Inspect the weighbridge to ensure that there is no foreign object on the
weighing platform
• Zero the weighbridge
 During:
• Ensure that the truck is wholly supported by the weighing platform with all
its tyres completely rested within the platform
 After:
• Net mass of LNG delivered obtained by taking the difference of two gross
mass measurements (before and after delivery)
• If net mass of the LNG delivered is measured in air, it shall be converted to
mass in vacuum by correcting for the buoyancy effect
• To be recalibrated annually according to OIML R76

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 LNG quantity measurement

Using Coriolis Mass Flow Meter (MFM)

 Prior to installation, the Coriolis MFM shall be calibrated to ensure that
Maximum Permissible Error (MPE) for the measurement of LNG falls within
1% before it can be used for LNG bunkering

 Zero setting shall be done on-site and sealed by an authorised

person before the Coriolis MFM is approved for custody transfer
measurement in LNG bunkering.

 The Coriolis MFM’s zero conditions shall be verified regularly to ensure that
the MFM is sufficiently stable to meet the MPE of 1%.

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 LNG quantity measurement
Using Coriolis Mass Flow Meter (MFM)
 Before:
• Ensure that the minimum measured quantity (MMQ) of the Coriolis MFM, if
specified, is met
• Reset the totaliser of Coriolis MFM
 During:
• Ensure operating flow rate is within the calibrated minimum flow rate (Qmin) &
maximum flow rate range (Qmax)
• Ensure temperature of liquid in Coriolis MFM is within minimum & maximum
temperature recommended by meter vendor
• Ensure sufficient and stable back pressure with good control during the bunkering
delivery in order to avoid flow fluctuation, boiling or LNG flashing
 After:
• Take the reading indicated on the totaliser of Coriolis MFM and print out the bunker
measurement ticket

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 Quantity measurement equipment –
Requirements
Maximum Permissible Error (MPE)
Coriolis mass
Weighbridge flow meter
(MFM)
According to OIML R76, MPE for quantity measurement of LNG shall be as
follows:
For scale interval of 20 kg, MPE shall be:
• 10kg (for measurement range from 400 kg to ≤10000 kg) According to
• 20kg (for measurement range from >10000 kg to ≤40000 kg) OIML R117-1,
• 30kg (for measurement range from >40000 kg to ≤80000 kg) MPE shall be 1%
for quantity
For scale interval of 10 kg, MPE shall be: measurement of
• 5 kg (for measurement range from 200 kg to ≤5000 kg) LNG
• 10 kg (for measurement range from >5000 kg to ≤20000 kg)
• 15 kg (for measurement range from >20000 kg to ≤40000 kg)

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 Quantity measurement equipment –
Requirements

Type approval & Pattern registration

Weighbridge Coriolis mass flow meter (MFM)

Instrument type shall be pattern Instrument type shall be pattern

evaluated in accordance to evaluated in accordance to
OIML R76 OIML R117-1
Non-automatic weighing instruments Dynamic measuring systems for liquids
other than water

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 LNG quality measurement
(covered in informative Annex)
 LNG should be sampled during a stable flow of LNG.
– Install the sampling point as close as possible to the custody transfer
point so that the characteristics of LNG do not change before it is
actually transferred.
 The sampling of LNG for analysis should be carried out in accordance with
the procedures in ISO 8943 or ISO 10715 or an equivalent national
standard.
 Re-gasified LNG sample is analysed by gas chromatography (GC) to
determine its composition.
 Methods for analysing re-gasified LNG:
– ISO 6974 , IP 337, ASTM D1945, GPA 2261
 Calibration of LNG quality measurement equipment is required using
certified reference gas mixtures (CRMs), which are traceable to primary
gas mixture standard prepared by a national metrology institute.

.
 LNG quality measurement
(covered in informative Annex)
 LNG can also be sampled directly in liquid phase and no vaporisation step is
necessary.
– Incorrect operation of LNG vaporisers can lead to poor precision and
accuracy, thus elimination of vaporisation step offers a significant
improvement in the analysis of LNG quality.
 Methods for sampling and analysing LNG in liquid phase is given in ASTM D7940
– LNG composition (up to C5) can be measured in liquid phase by Raman
analyser through a probe. The applicable concentration range is 200 ppmv to
100 mol %.
 The Raman analyser should be regularly calibrated according to ASTM D7940.
– The accuracy of Raman analyser measurement can be determined using
laboratory standards (cryostat measurements of gravimetric standards of LNG
components).
– LNG composition standards in liquid phase should be used to calibrate
commercial Raman analysers. Such standards should be traceable to primary
gas mixture standard prepared by a national metrology institute.
.
 LNG energy value
(covered in informative Annex)
 The lower and higher calorific value (LCV, HCV) can be determined by computation on
the basis of the composition of the LNG (molar fraction of component Xi), molecular
mass of component (Mi ) and the mass calorific value of component ( LCVi, HCVi).

 The use of LCV or HCV for energy content calculation shall be agreed between LNG
bunker supplier and buyer.
 Following standards may be used to provide tables of physical constants and methods of
calculation of factors necessary to determine the LCV and HCV:
– ISO 6976
– ASTM 3588
– GPA 2145, GPA 2172
– HM 21
 The energy of the transferred LNG can be calculated by multiplication of the mass of the
LNG bunkered and the calorific value (CV).
E = M * CV

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 Thank you
Standards Development Organisation at Singapore Chemical Industry Council (SDO@SCIC)
Email: [email protected]

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