GPA Standarct gtgS-9S

TentativeStandardfor
converting Net vapor space volumesto
Equivalent Liquid Volumes

Gas Processors Association

6526East60thStreet
(*-- Tulsa,Oklahoma74145
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 TENTATIVE STANDARD FOR COTWERTING NET VAPOR SPACEVOLUMES
TO EQUWALENT LrQurD VOLTJMES
.:/ 1.0 SCOPE delivery for pressuresup to 280 psia, For
pressuresabove 280 psia, the uhcertaintymay
l.l The purpose of this standardis to presentpracúcal increase"
field methods for determining net deliveries of
LPG, raw make, and NGL into or out of closed 3.4 This method is limited to product femperaurresof
pressurizedcontainerssuch as rail ca¡s, barges, -4ODeg.F to l4O Deg" F.
and transport truck, by applying net vapor space
corrections to the indicated liquid volumes from 3.5 Methods for determining gross volumes,relative
level measurements. densit¡r,pressure,temperature,and composition
are not covered by this standard.
t.2 Products to which this method may be applied
include commerciallyavailableLPG's and NGL's 4.0 DEFINMONS
(raw make, E./Pmixes, propane"P/B mixes,
butanes,natural gasolines,etc.). The intended 4.1 Compressibility factor - A factor usually
applicationrelativedensityrangeis 0.4 to 0.65. expressedas "3' which gives the ratio of the
actual volume of gas at a given temperatureand
2.0 SUMMARY pressureto (he volume of gas when calculatedby
the ideal gas law at that same temperatureand
2.1 Two options for determining net delivery are pressure.
included.Method I coverscalculationswhen only
relative density, temperature,pressure,and gross 4.2 Critical pressure- The pressurenecessaryto
liquid volume indicationsare known. condensea vapor at its critical temperature.
Compressibilitycorrectionsare determinedusing
inputs from lookup graphsor tabulardata. 4.3 Cntical temperature- Thc highesttemperatureat
which a fluid canexist as a liquid. Abovethis
2.2 Method 2 for determiningnef delivery may be temperaturc,the fluid is a gas and cannotbe
usedwhen productcomposition(liquid volume96) liquefied regardlessof the pressureapplied
is known and the vapor compressibilityfactor is
calculatedusing the Pi¿er-Curl cquation,or 4.4 t-P-gas(liquefied petroleumgas)- Predominanrly
anothcr generalIy recognizndcorrelatio n. propancor butaneseparatelyor in mixtureswhich
a¡e maintainedin a liquid stateunderthe pressure
2.3 Either method may utilize hand calculationsand
within the confining vessel.
the forms in Appendix A, or the usermay develop
PC spreadsheetapplicationsdiscussedin Section Á<
NGL (naturalgas liquids) , Naturalgas liquidsarc
5.2.
those hydrocarbonsliquefied at the surfacein field
3.0 PRECAUTIONS facilities or in gasprocessingplans. Naturalgas
liquids include ethane,propane,butanesand
3.1 This method is limited to productsin the relative naturalgasoline.
densityrangeof 0.4 to 0.65.
46 Raw mix liquids- A mixtureof naturalgasliquids
).L If the product is a raw make and composiLionis prior to fiactionaúon. Also called"raw make".
not available,the compressibility correcüonsmay
have a higher uncertaintythan a fractionated 4.1 Temperaturccorrectionfactor - A factor for
mixture such as ErP with the samerelatrve corrcctingvolumesto that trccupiedat a specific
density. It is estimatedthat theadditional referencetemperature. The refcrencctemperature
uncertainty for raw make may be as great as most commonlyusedin the U.S.petroleum
+l- lVo of net delivery for high vapor pressure industry is 6O"F.
producs.
5-0 CALCULATION OF NET VAPOR CORRECTION
J--l It is estimatedthat resultsdenvcd from FACTOR (F) FROM COMPOSITION (METHOD 2).
compressibilitycorrectioncurvesinsteadof

,v calculatingcorrcctionsby a PC programmay add

an additional uncerlaintyof +/- 0.5Voof net
5"1 Given the attachedTablc 5.1, calculatecolumns
and totals as required
5.2 Propertiesfor n-heptanemay be used for C6+ R=80.27 for densityin lb/gal,t in oF and P in psia.
when other propertiesare not available. All
neededdataare in the GPSA EngineeringData 5.8 The net vapor correctionfactor is thencalculated
Book or GPA 2145,with theexceptionof the ¿ls:
vapor volatility factor. That factor may be derived
from GPSA EngineeringData Book convergence f= pu
pressureK values. However,the samevolatility G 8.3372 s.]
factorsmay be usedin all applicationswithout
significantdifferencesin results. The Where G is the 60"F relativedensityof the fluid.
recommended minimumapplicationof the
compositionalmethodwould be ro use the factors 6.0 PROCEDURE FOR METHOD I
given in Table 5.1. Usingrhefollowing
relationships,the usermay developa PC program 6. I With known relativedensityand temperature,B
utilizing commerciallyavailablespreadsheet and F factorsa¡e obtainedfrom Figures6.1 and
softwareto calculatedatasimilar to Table 5.1. 6.2.
Table 5.1 may be usedto verify such programs.
6.2 The vapor correcúonis thencalculatedfrom
5.3 Given compositionin liquid volume 7o,multiply: the following equation
:
(a)x(b)x(c)=(d)
(e)=(d)/sumof (d) f= !E-
l-BP 6"1
1g¡=(e)x(0
Vapor molecularweight,MWu= Sum(g)
Vapor critical temperature,Tc= Sum((e)x(h)) 7.0 EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS
Vapor critical pressure,Pc= Sum((e)x(i))
Vapor acentricfactor,<o= Sum((e)x(l)) 7.1 Vapor spacecorrectionfactorcalculationfrom
composition,seeTable5.l:
5.4 Calculatereducedtemperature
ar conditions:
G = 0.510
T-=t+ 459.61 t = 60"F
T, + 459.67 Po = I 30 psig (observedpress= 130psig,atm
5.t
pr€S= S 1 4 . 1, P = 1 4 4 . 7p s i a )
5.5 Calculatereducedpressure f = 0.04179
at conditions:

P-=P 12 Vapor spacecorrectionfactorcalculationfor

compositionin Table 5.1 from Charts" Use
Pc 5.2
attachedcharts,Figure 6.1 and Figure6.2, to
5.6 Calculaterhe vaporcompressibility determinethe valuesof F and B correspondingto
factorusing
the Tsonpoulousvirial¡ equation: 60"F relativedensityof the fluid and üe product
temperature.
Bo = 0.1445- 0.330/Tr
- O:r,85nr2- 0.0121/Tr3 5.3
B = 0 . 0 0 1l 2
- O.5offf2-O.ú7nr3 - 0.0073/T18 5.4
Br = 0.073+ 0.46y'T, F = 0.000238

t-J Calculateopeningandclosingvaporco¡rection
Z = 1 + ( B O+ c r B
l l)Pr[r 5.5
factorsfrom the followingequation:
5.7 The vapor densiryis then calculatedfrom the
.Ptr
equation:
I.BP 6.1
Pu= PMwv
f = 0 . 0 4 1I
R(¡.+ 459.67)2 5.6

tTsonpoulous,C., "An Empirical Correlaúon of SecondVirial Coefficients",

A.I.Ch.E. Journal Z0(2),pp.263-272(1974).
 Table 5.1
Calculation of Vapor SpaceCorrection Factor From Composition

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (s)

Volatility (a x b x c) (d/sumof d) Molar (exf)
Compone¡rl Liq Vol% Ft3/Gal Factor Vap Frac Mass Werslleqgw
N2 91.413 95 0.0000 28.013 0.000
coz 58.807 7.6 0 0.0000 44.0'10 0.000
HzS 74.401 2.9 0 0.0000 34.080 0-000
c1 59.135 16 0 0.0000 16.043 0.000
v2 37.476 3.6 4M.741 0.104i1 30.070 3.136
c3 3.00 36.375 1 3455.625 0.8903 44-O97 39.261
¡-c, 95.00 30.639 0.4Íl 6.587 0.0017 58.123 0.099
n-c¿ 0.50 31.790 0.3 14.306 0.0037 5 8 . 12 3 0.214
i-cs 1-50 27.393 o.12 0 0.0000 72.150 0.000
n-cs 27.674 0.09 0 0.0000 72.150 0.000
c6* 24.371 o.o2 0 0.0000 86.177 0.000
Total 100.00 38B1-259 42.710

(e) (h) (i) 0) (e)x(h) (e)x(i) (e)x[)

Critical Critical Acentric Weighted Weighted Weighted
Component Vap Frac Temp Press Factor Crit Temp Cnt Pres Acen Fac
(Tc) (Pc) (t¡)
_
0.0000 -232.51 492.8 0.0372 0.0 0.0 0.0000
N2 0,0000 87.75 1069.5 0.2667 0.0 0.0 0"0000
coz 0.0000 212.45 r300.0 0.094B 0.0 0.0 0.0000
HzS 0.0000 -1.t6.67 667.0 0.0'l04 0.0 0.0 0 0000
't043
0 90.09 707.8 0 0979 9.4 73.8 00102
v2 0.8903 20s.97 615.0 o.1522 r83.4 547.6 0 . 13 5 6
c3 0.0017 274.46 527.9 0 . 18 5 2 0.5 09 0 0003
i-c¿ 0,0037 305.58 548-B 0.1995 .t.1 2.O 0.ooo7
n-cq 0.0000 369.03 490.4 Q.NBO 00 0.0 0.0000
i-cs 0.0000 385.77 488.'l o.2514 0.0 0.0 0.0000
n-cs 0 0000 451.80 4i19.5 0.2994 0.0 0.0 0.0000
co* 0.0 0.0 0.ooo0
Total 194.4 624.3 0 . 14 6 8
G 0.5100 (60'F/60"R
t 60"F
ObservedPressure 130.0 ps¡g
AlmosphericPressure 14.7 psia
P 144.7 psia
Tr 0.7946
Bo -0.5143
B1 -0.3794
Pr 0.2318
z 0.8337
pv o.1777 lb/gal
I
i ._ o.o41794
 Figure6.l
B FactorDetermination
(B x |,000)

10.0o

9"00

8.00

7.00

6.OO

o
o
q
5.00
x
ó

4.00

3.OO

40 60 100 120 140

ProductTemperature(F)
 Figure6.2
F FactorDetermination
(F x 10,000)

/\

20 ¿rc 60 80 100 't20

140
Product Ternperature (o Fl
I

I
( ,J
8.0 NOMENCLATURE 9.0 REFERENCF,S

t = temperature (oF) GPA Standard2145 Table of PhysicalConsrants of

Pa¡affin Hydrocarbonsand Other Componentsof
po = vapor density (lb/gal)
Natural Gas
G = relarive densityar 60"F (the ratio of
the mass of a unit volume of a GPSA EngineeringDaraBook
material at 60oFto the massof the
same volume of gas free distilled GPA 8I73
water at 60"F)
Appendix A - Example Forms
T, = reduced temperature
Appendix B - Method Used to ConstrucrCharts
Z = vapor compressibilityfactor

Bo = algebraicvariablefor calculation
of vapor compressibilityfactor

Bl = algebraicvariablefor calculation
of vapor compressibilityfactor

MW" = vapor molecularweight (lb/mole)

P = pressure(psia)

Po = observedpressure(psig)

Tc = critical temperature
("F)

F - algebrarcvanable

B = algebraicva¡iablefor calculation .)
of vapor compressibilityfactor

R = gasconstant= 80.21(psia-gal)
(lb-mol"R)

Pr = reduced pressure

(r) = acentric factor

f - vapor correction factor

Pc = critical pressure(psia)

V.H.E.F. = Vessel Historical ExperienceFactor

R.O-B. = Remainingon Board

O.B.Q. = On Board Quantity

 Appendix A ExampleForms

NET LIOUID VOLUME ELASSIT'ICATION SHEET

TYPE OF VESSEL DATE

VESSELIDENTIFICATION
WATER CAPACITY BBLJGAL.
PREVIOUSCARGO
LOCAL AVERAGE ATMOS. PRESSURE

I VESSELGAUGE
2 GROSSLIQLIID VOLUME BBL BBL BBL BBL
(FROMVESSELSTRAPPINGTABLES) CAL GAL GAL GAL

3 OBSERVEDTEMPERATURE("F)
4 OBSERVEDPRESSUREIPSIG)
5 OBSERVEDRELATIVEDENSITY
6 RELATIVE DENSITY 6O/60"F
(ASTMTable23 or GPA 2l42Tab.2)*
7 VOLUMECORRECNONFACTOR
(ASTM Table24 or GPA 2l42Tab.l\
8 LIQUID VOLUME @ 60"F BBL BBL BAL BBL

(2X7) GAL GAL CAL GAL

9 VAPORVOLUME BBL BBL BBL BBL

(WATER CAPACTTY- 2) cAr CAL CAL CAL

IO B -ALGEBRAICVARIABLE
II F - ALGEBRAIC VARIABLE
t2 VAPORTO EQUTVALENTLrQrrrD FACTOR(0
(DETERMINEFROM METHOD I OR 2)
13 EQUTVALENTLIQUIDVOLUME ABL BBL BBL BBL

@ 60"F(9 X 12) c^L CAL CAL CAL

t4 TOTAL LIQUID VOLUME @ 60"F BBL BBL BBL BBL

( 8+ 1 3 ) CAI oAl- CAL CAL

15 NET LIQUID VOLUME - RECETVED BBL

@ 60"F(14FINAL-I4INnrAL) CAL

16 BEFORELOADTNGO.B.Q. BBL

(l4 INrTIAL) cAL

I7 NETLIQUIDVOLUME-DISCHARGED BBL

@ 60"F(l4INI[[AL-I4 FINAL) CAL

18 R.O.B.AFTER UNLOADING BBL

(14FrNAL) cAL

* ln the absenceof measuredrelative density, use actualliquid relativedensity.

.J

A-1
All volumes corrected to 60oF

Vessel Identiñcation

Order Numbc¡

I-oadcd Quantity (Cargo

Cerificate)

Bbls.Net(l) Vessel at Load Locaúon

(2) Bbls. After Loading

(3) Bbls" Before Loading O.B.Q
(4) Bbls. Received
Receivedvs.LoadedDifference V.H.E.F.
(4)-(l)=_Bbl.
Adjusted Bbls.

Net Difference Vessel In-Transit Differcnce

(8)-(1)=_Bbr.
(5) - (2) =
(8)-ll)x100=_Vo R.O.B.Difference
(l) (3) - (6) --

Unloadedvs. Discharged
Difference
(8)-(7)=_Bbls.

Vesselat DischargeLocation
(5) Bbls. on A¡rival ,i)
(6) B b l s .R . O . B .
(7) Bbls. Discharged
V.H.E.F.
AdjustedBbls.

UnloadedQuantity
(8) Net Bbls.

Reconciliation bv Product

Vesselto
Vessel
Load Location Discharge Location LosVGain
(7) - (4)
Received
Quantity
(4)

A-2
 SampleCalculation

NET LIOT.JID VOL{'ME CLASSIFICATION SHEET

TYPEOFV&SSEL RailCar DATE - 9T16D3

VESSEL IDENTIFTCATION WR¡{X 1993
WATER CAPACITY 3OBOO GAL.
PREVIOUS CARGO Prooane
LOCAL AVERAGE ATMOS. PRESSLIRE 14.73osia

RECETVED I DISCHARGED
INIIAL FINAL ININAL FINAL
I VESSELGAUGE 0Vo 90Vo 92Vo OVo
2 GROSSLIQTJTDVOLUME BBL BBL B8L BBL
(FROMVESSELSTRAPPINGTABI-FS) 0 c,r 27.81Ocx, 2R.42.Ra^t 0 crr-
3 OBSERVEDTEMPERAI'IIRE("F) 90 70 80 70
4 OBSERVEDPRESSUREGSIG) 190 t20 r25 lm
5 OBSERVEDRELATIVE DENSITY N/A .5m 494 N/A
6 RELATTVEDENSITY 6Ol60"F .510 .510 .510 .510
(ASTM TableZ3or cPA 2l42Tab.2)*
7 VOLUMECORRECTIONFACTOR N/A .9838 .9670 N/A
(ASTMTable24 or GPA2t42Tab.t)
8 LIQUID VOLUME @ 6O"F BBL BBL BBL BAL
(2X7) 0 c,r 27.359cn 2'7,490c¡* 0 cru-
9 VAPORVOLTJME BBL BBL BBL BBL
(WATERCAPACTTY_ 2) 30,900c.r 3,090c,r 2.4'12c* 30,900c¡.r-
IO B - ALGEBRAICVARIABLE .00095 .00105 .00r00 .00105
u F- ALGEBRAICVARIABLE .0N228 .00023s .000230 .000235
t2 vApoR To EQUTVALENTLTQUTDFAgfOR (f)
(DETERMINEFROM METHOD I OR 2) .05795 .03ó88 .03736 .03065
13 EQTJIVALENTLIQUIDVOLUME BBL BBt, BBL BAL
@ 60"F(9X12\ 1.791 atL I 14 ce¡" 92c¡¿ 947 cx-
t4 TOTALLTQLIIDVOLUME @ 60"F BBL B8L BBL BBL
(8 + 13) 1,791c¡¿ 27,473a* 27,582a* 947 cx-
15 NETLTQIJTDVOLUME_ RECETVED
@ @oF(14FINAL-I4INTIIAL) 25,682a*
BBL
u#ffi
16 BEFORELOADINGO.B.Q. BBL i;iiiii':t
rii;il::r:i:i
i;,,r
jlr:t::i::.r
iiii:ri:::i::l:il:::!rillil:i:l:l:
(l4INrrrAL) 1,791oru- ':¡ l:r: :i: :r:l::ilir:: : ::::i.: : iii:

17 NETLIQI.JIDVOLUME-DISCHARGED BBL
@ 60"F(l4INrIIALI4 FINAL) 26,635 a¡,t
18 R.O.B.AFTERUNLOADING BBL
(14FrNAL)
26,635a*

* In the absenceofmeasured relative

J density, use actual liquid relative density.

A-3
 Appendix B
Method Used to Construct Charts

The charts in Figure 6. I and 6.2 were constructed using the procedure for calculating F and B from composition with an assumed
composition. The fluid was assumedto be a blend of the two normal paraffinswhich haverelativedensitiesnearestthe target
relativedensity. For example,a fluid having a relative density of 0.450 is assumedto be a blend of ethaneand propaneonly.
The
compositionwas then adjusteduntil the relative density calculatedusing the COSTALD liquid densitymethodmatchedthe
target
value. The final compositionsusedto constructüe chartsare given in Table B.l.

CompositioninLYVo
Relative
Density
r60/60) Ethane Propane n-Butane n-Pentane n-Hexane
0.400 70.95 29.05
0.425 54.3'l 45.63
0.450 31;79 62.2r
0.415 21.21 78.79
0.500 4.60 95.40
0.525 16.60 23.40
0.550 44.t0 55.90
o.575 I 1.70 88.30
0.600 66.00 34.00
0.625 13.00 87.00
0.650 42.30 57.10
)
Table B.l ComposiúonsUsedto ConstructCharts

This constructionmethodintroducesadditional uncertalntiesin the calculatedfactorsfor blendscontainingiso-paraffinsor wide

boiling blends. During the developmentof this standard,a comparisonof üe f factorscalculatedusing the chart and composition
methodsfor severalraw make compositionswas made. The differencesbetweenthe two calculationmethodswere less than one
percentof the net delivery for all casesinvestigated.

B-1