Review of Related Studies and Literature

Fermented fruit juice is used to increase the sweetness and yield of fruiting plants while
also building healthier soil, similar to how fermented plant juice is used to improve the
soil and increase the production of leafy plants in gardens. Scientific studies on FFJ
have yielded a variety of results, despite the fact that they have only been conducted in
tropical and sub-tropical zones thus far. Because the studies raise more questions than
they answer, it's difficult to sort through the results. Although, anecdotal evidence
provided by an increasing number of organic, natural, and permaculture farmers around
the world may hold the answers. When we consider anecdotal evidence in light of
scientific evidence on the hyper-locality of the soil microbiome, we may come to some
conclusions about FFJ and its application in our own gardens.

The source of the fruit used is one piece of information missing from scientific studies
on FFJ. The lack of information raises the question of whether the fruit must be sourced
close to where it will be used as FFJ. Because of our current understanding of the
hyper-local nature of soil microbiomes, it's possible that the effectiveness of FFJ is
linked to the location where the fruit was grown. This appears to be supported by
anecdotal evidence. As a result, when making your own FFJ, you may want to source
your fruits locally. Tomatoes, pumpkins, and other winter squashes, as well as potatoes,
fall into this category. If you don't grow any of these fruits, ask around for edible wild
fruits from neighbors or local sources.

Similar to how fermented plant juice is used to boost the soil and increase the
productivity of leafy plants in gardens, fermented fruit juice is used to increase the
sweetness and yield of fruiting plants while also building healthy soil. Despite the fact
that scientific studies on FFJ have only been performed in tropical and sub-tropical
areas so far, they have yielded a range of findings. It's difficult to sort through the
findings because the studies pose more questions than they address. Anecdotal
evidence from a growing number of organic, sustainable, and permaculture farmers
around the world may hold the answers. We might come to some conclusions about
FFJ and its application in our own gardens if we accept anecdotal evidence in light of
scientific evidence on the hyper-locality of the soil microbiome.

One piece of knowledge missing from scientific studies on FFJ is the source of the fruit
used. Because of the lack of detail, it's unclear if the fruit needs to be sourced near to
where it'll be used as FFJ. It's likely that the efficacy of FFJ is related to the area where
the fruit was cultivated, based on our current understanding of the hyper-local existence
of soil microbiomes. Anecdotal evidence tends to back up this argument. As a
consequence, you may want to source your fruits locally when making your own FFJ.
This includes tomatoes, pumpkins, and other winter squashes, as well as potatoes. If
you don't have access to any of these fruits, ask your neighbors or local sources for
edible wild fruits.
Fruit and vegetable peels as fertilizer
Fertilizers are any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin [other than
liming materials] that is added to a soil to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to
the growth of the plants. Chemical fertilizer also gets a lot of water out of the soil which
it contaminated and therefore pollute water. Investigations made on the effect of
different formulations of fruit peels, revealed that the increased fertility of soil and soil
microorganisms. Most of the fruit peels contain potassium, vitamins, minerals and some
essential elements which enhance the growth of plants. Some of the fruit peels such as
citrus varities may use to kill the nematodes. Many plants have been tested for their
nematicidal activities. Tsay, et al 2004 reported that the extract from roots of Gaillardia
pulchella was effective for the control of M. incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis.
Alternatively the fruit peels must enhance the beneficial microbes. Pomegranates,
orange, sweet lime, banana enhance the number of microorganisms by the utilization of
micro nutrients. Formulation applied soil contains approximately two fold number of
microorganisms per ml than control soil. No report is published regarding the
formulation of fruit peel and its utilization for plant growth and especially in in vitro
propagation of plants. This is the first report revealed that the fruit peel powder and
extract increase the soil fertility, soil microbes, plant growth and yield. In order to
overcome these problems fruit can be used as alternative and effective nutrients for the
enriched growth and higher yield. From this research, the fruit peel powder extract
increased the growth of plants and yield and the leaves of the plants were remaining
green till harvesting. Additionally growth of microorganisms were also increased by the
application of fruit peel powder and extract. In addition fruit peel powder can be used for
the preparation of tissue culture media. This research reveals that the media which was
prepared by using fruit peel powder induced the shoots from Vinca rosea. This research
concludes that the chemical fertilizers can be replaced by the fruit peel powder and
extract to protect the soil from the infertility.
Fruit peels of Banana, Pomegranate, Sweet lime and Orange are highly rich in potash,
ion, Zinc etc. Above fruit peels powder were formulated from the trace amounts and
gradually increased for the preparation of three formulations as Formulation 1,
Formulation 2 and Formulation 3. Three different formulations were applied for plant
growth in two methods such as fruit peel powder, fruit peel powder extract as a natural
fertilizer. Fenugreek seeds were used to test the utilization of fruit peel powder as a
natural growth enhancer. After 45 days of application of fertilizer, plant growth was
measured and the yield of fenugreek vegetables was counted. Among the three
formulations of fruit peel powder and fruit peel extract, formulation 1 was found more
suitable for plant growth. Cheapest and harmless materials were used in the present
investigation.
Studies in vegetable and fruit peelings have a significant result in the growth and
development of crops. Fermented Fruit Juice can be used to speed up the fruiting
process in plants and improve yield in leafy green vegetables. It can be applied directly
to the soil as a foliar spray or indirectly to feed the microbiome and improve soil health.
FFJ is a very easy and straightforward dish to prepare. It can be produced from a
variety of non-citrus fruits, including those that are classified as vegetables but contain a
lot of potassium. Sugar is used as a fermentation agent in FFJ, and the process takes
seven to ten days. It can be used right away, either on its own or in combination with
FPJ or IMO.

The fermentation process, which is fueled by sugar, extracts nutrients and enzymes
from the fruit and turns it into a liquid extract that can be kept refrigerated for up to a
year. This means you'll have this power booster on hand at any time during the season
when your fruiting plants need it, or for daily soil application for leafy greens and general
soil health for a very low cost.
Nutrients in squash skin/peelings
Fruit peels: Potassium and other minerals are abundant in the skins of fruits. It
promotes the growth and well-being of plants. Banana peel, for example, is high in
potassium. Cut the peel into small pieces and liquefy it with half a cup of water in a
blender. Allow the peel pieces to decompose after pouring this solution into the soil. You
may also leave the peel whole on top of the soil or place it near the roots under the soil.
Allow it to decompose. The latter method, on the other hand, can attract pests and
animals. As a result, the other method is safer. Banana peels seem to be a favorite of
roses. So feed them their favorite foods to help them bloom to their full potential.
Potato peels, green leftovers, broccoli stalks, and citrus rinds can all be composted
quickly. Load the garbage in a ditch dug in an unused bed or the soil of a pot, then
cover it up. The scrap can decompose and add nutrients to the soil when it breaks
down. Alternatively, you should ground the peelings together with a little water and then
dump the mixture into the soil.
Fermenting Process
Most of the time, it takes about a week to complete the fermentation, but in some cases,
it may take about a month or longer. Overripe fruits are better because they decrease
the period of fermentation while also containing a greater amount of molds and other
microorganisms like molds, fungi, yeasts, and bacteria are already present.
This natural farming method was developed by Dr. Han Kyu Cho of South Korea.
Today, it is also used in propagating livestock by adding it to their feeds, which enhance
the nutrients received by the animals. You can produce FFJ using a single kind of fruit
or the combination of two or more. Fruits with high citric acid content like lemons and
oranges are not recommended, due to their composition which is opposite to the
necessary formulation that FFJ needs.
Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) is a chlorophyll and young shoots of plants, such as
axillary buds, leaves, grasses, young fruits, and flowers that has been fermented.
Chlorophyll, a green molecule found in plants that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis,
is an essential component in the production of FPJ. Blood detoxification, wound healing,
immune system support, and cancer prevention can all be aided by consuming FPJ-
propagated crops.

This solution is high in lactic acid-producing enzymes and yeast-like microorganisms.

This fertilizer allows plants to improve their health and grow more vigorously by
drenching the soil with the solution or directly spraying it on fruits and flowers.

Food Waste: A Serious Environmental Problem

As the global population increase and the scale of the city expand, the discharge of food
waste is always increasing. Each year, millions of food produced around the world,
meanwhile millions of tons of food being tossed in the garbage. Nearly 30% of the fruit,
vegetables, grains, meat, and packaged foods produced around the world gets tossed
out every year. Food waste has become a huge environmental problem in each country.
One survey in 2015 showed that the food waste was more than 1 billion metric tons in
China. In Britain, food waste is produced about 15 million metric tons each year. In the
U.S., up to 40% of the food produced nationally never gets consumed, about 60 million
metric tons of food is wasted and 35 million metric tons of food waste are dumped in
landfills every year.
Food waste presents a major challenge in the world now. A large number of food waste
has caused serious pollution, it harms climate, water, land and biodiversity. On the one,
food waste decomposes anaerobically that will produce greenhouse gases, such as
methane, CO2 and other harmful waste gases. The carbon footprint of food waste
produced is estimated at 3.3 billion tons of greenhouse gases. On the other, food waste
is thrown away in landfills that occupies large land, generates landfill gas and floating
dust. If the leachate produced in the landfill process is not handled properly, it will cause
secondary pollution, which is likely to cause the soil pollution and groundwater pollution
Incineration and landfill have great disadvantages, if the food waste can be further
utilized, it is beneficial to environmental protection and to increase the utilization of
renewable resources.
Why The Food Waste Could Be Processed into Organic Fertilizer?

Fruits, vegetables, dairy products, grains, bread, coffee filters, eggshells, meats and
newspaper can be composted. Food waste is unique as a compost agent, it is the main
source of organic matters. Food waste includes various chemical elements, such as
starch, cellulose, protein lipids and inorganic salts, and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, K some
trace elements. Food waste has a good biodegradable rate, which can reach 85%. It
has great recycling value with many characteristics, such as high organic matter, high
water content and abundant nutrient elements. Food waste has a high moisture content
and low physical structure, it is important to mix fresh food waste with a bulking agent
that will absorb some of the excess moisture as well as add structure to the mix. Food
waste has high organic content, of which crude protein accounts for 15% to 23%, fat
accounts for 17% to 24%, ash accounts for 3% to 6%, Ca accounts for 54% and NaCl
accounts for 3% 4%, etc.