1.

The nominal diameter of a triple threaded screw is

50mm, while the pitch is 8mm. It is used with a collar
having an outer diameter of 100mm and inner
diameter as 65mm. The coefficient of friction at the
thread surface as well as at the collar surface can be
taken as 0.15. The screw is used to raise a load of
15kN. Using the uniform wear theory for collar
friction, calculate
a. Torque required to raise the load,
b. Torque required to lower the load, and
c. The force required to raise the load, if applied at
a radius of 500mm.
Solution
Given data:
W= 15kN = 15,000 N
For screw, d = 50 mm, pitch (p) = 8 mm, f = 0.15,
No of starts (n) = 3 because it is a triple threaded screw
For collar, D2 = 100 mm outside dia,
D1 = 65 mm inside dia, f = 0.15
Step – 1: Torque required for raising the load
Page no 133 equation no 9.10 b
Lead (l) = no of starts (n) * pitch (p)
l = n*p = 3*8 = 24mm
Mean diameter (d2) = diameter of screw(d) – 0.5*pitch (p)
= 50 – 0.5*8 = 50 – 4 = 46mm
Page no 133 eqn no 9.10 b
Tan α = l / (π*d2) = 24 / (π*46) = 0.166
 α = Tan-1 (0.166) = 9.429o
Page 133 Eqn no 9.10c
Tan Φ = f = 0.15 (coefficient of friction = f)
 Φ = Tan-1 (0.15) = 8.53o
Page 134 Eqn 9.11b
T = (W*d2 / 2) * Tan (Φ + α)
= (15*103*46 / 2) * Tan (8.531 + 9.429)
= 1,11,831.06 N-mm
Page 134 Eqn 9.11g
Tc = (W*fc*dc )/ 2 but dc = (D1+D2)/2
 = W*fc*((D1+D2)/2) / 2 = W*fc*(D1+D2)/4
= (fc*W/4) *(D1 +D2)
= (0.15*15*103/4) *(100 + 65) = 92,812.5 N-mm
(T)t = T + Tc = 1,11,831.06 + 92,812.5
= 2,04,643.56 N-mm
= 204.643 N-m
Step – 2 Torque required to lower the load
Page no 134 Eqn 9.11 e
T = (W*dm / 2) * Tan (Φ - α)
= (15*103*46 / 2) * Tan (8.531 - 9.429)
= -5,407.63 N-mm (- ve sign indicates the direction)
Page 134 Eqn 9.11g
Tc = W*fc*dc / 2 but dc = (D1+D2)/2
= W*fc*((D1+D2)/2) / 2 = W*fc*(D1+D2)/4
= (fc*W/4) *(D1 +D2)
= (0.15*15*103/4) *(100 + 65) = 92,812.5 N-mm
Tt = T + Tc = -5407.63 + 92,812.5
= 87,404.87 N-mm
= 87.404 N-m
Step – 3 Force required for raise the load
The force Pi at the radius of 500 mm is given by
Pi = Tt / radius = 2,04,643.56 / 500 = 409.3 N
Step – 4 Force required for lower the load
The force Pi at the radius of 500 mm is given by
Pi = Tt / radius = 87,404.87 / 500 = 174.80 N

2. A double threaded power screw, with ISO metric

trapezoidal threads is used to raise a load of 300kN.
The nominal diameter is 100mm and the pitch is
12mm. The coefficient of friction at the screw
threads is 0.15. Neglecting collar friction, calculate
a. Torque required for raising the load.
b. Torque required for lowering the load.
c. Efficiency of the screw.
Solution:
Given data
W = 300kN,
For screw: d = 100mm, p = 12mm, f = 0.15, No of starts
(n) = 2
Step 1: Torque required raising the load
For ISO metric trapezoidal threads
Ɵ = 15o, Page no 133 equation no 9.10 b
Lead (l) = no of starts (n) * pitch (p)
l = 2*p = 2*12 = 24 mm,
Mean diameter(d2) = diameter of screw(d) – 0.5*pitch (p)
d2 = d – 0.5*p = 100 – 0.5*12 = 100 – 6 = 94 mm
Page no 133 eqn no 9.10 b
Tan α = l / (π*d2) = 24 / (π*94) = 0.0813
α = Tan-1 (0.0813) = 5.1643o
f sec Ɵ = f / cos Ɵ = 0.15 / cos 15o = 0.1553
fsec Ɵ+ tan α
T = W*(d2 / 2) * 1−fsec Ɵ tan α
0.1553+0.0813
=300*103*(94 / 2) * 1−0.1553∗0.0813

= 3,378.72*103 N-mm = 3,378.72 N-m

Step 2: Torque required to lower the load
fsec Ɵ−tan α
T = W*(d2 / 2) * 1+ fsec Ɵ tan α
0.1553−0.0813
= 300*103*(94 / 2) * 1+ 0.1553∗0.0813

= 1030.39*103 N-mm = 1030.39 N-m

Step 3 Efficiency of screw
η = tan α ¿ ¿
0.0813∗(1−0.1553∗0.0813)
= (0.1553+0.0813)

= 0.3393 = 33.93 %
3. A machine vice, shown in figure has single start
square threads with 22mm nominal diameter and
5mm pitch. The outer and inner diameters of the
friction collar are 55mm and 45mm respectively. The
coefficient of friction for thread and collar are 0.15
and 0.17 respectively. The machinist can
comfortably exert a force of 125 N on the handle at
a mean radius of 150mm. Assuming uniform wear
for the collar, calculate
 a. The clamping force developed between the
jaws, and
b. The overall efficiency of the clamp

4. The construction of a gate valve used in high

pressure pipe line is shown in figure. The screw is
rotated in its place by means of the handle. The nut
is fixed to the gate. When the screw rotates, the nut
along with the gate moves downward or upward
depending upon the direction of the screw. The
screw has single start square threads of 40mm outer
diameter and 7mm pitch. The weight of the gate is
5kN. The water pressure in the pipe line induces
frictional resistance between the gate and its seat.
The resultant frictional resistance in the axial
direction is 2kN. The inner and outer diameters of
thrust washers are 40mm and 80mm respectively.
The values of coefficient of friction at the threads
and at the washer are 0.15 and 0.12 respectively.
The handle is rotated by the two arms, each exerting
equal force at the radius of 500mm, from the axis of
the screw.
 Calculate
i. The maximum force exerted by each arm
when the gate is being raised.
ii. The maximum force exerted by each arm
when the gate is being lowered.
iii. The efficiency of the gate mechanism, and
iv. The length of the nut, if the permissible
bearing pressure is 5 N/mm2.
Solution
Given data:
For screw, d = 40 mm, No of starts (n) = 1,
lead = n*pitch (p) = 7 mm, f = 0.15,
For collar (washer), D2 = 80 mm, D1 = 40 mm , f = 0.12
For handle, radius = 500 mm,
For nut, Pb= 5 N/mm2,
For gate, weight = 5 kN,
Frictional resistance = 2 kN
Step – 1: The maximum force exerted by each arm when
the gate is being raised.
Page no 133 equation no 9.10 b
Lead (l) = no of starts (n) * pitch (p)
l = n*p = 1*7 = 7mm
Mean diameter (d2) = diameter of screw (d) – 0.5*pitch
(d2) = 40 – 0.5*7 = 36.5 mm
Page no 133 eqn no 9.10 b
Tan α = lead / (π*d2) = 7 / (π*36.5)
= 0.061
α = Tan-1 (0.061) = 3.493o
Eqn no 9.10c page 133
Tan Φ = f = 0.15  Φ = Tan-1 (0.15) = 8.531o
Eqn 9.11b pg 134
T = (W*d2 / 2) * Tan (Φ + α)
But, when the gate is moving upwards, the frictional
resistance acts opposite to the motion, hence
W = 5000 N + 2000 N = 7000 N
T = (7*103*36.5 / 2) * Tan (8.531 + 3.493)
= 27,210.04 N-mm
Eqn 9.11g pg 134
Tc = W*fc*dc / 2 but dc = (D1+D2)/2
= W*fc*((D1+D2)/2) / 2 = W*fc*(D1+D2)/4
= (fc*W/4) *(D1 +D2)
= (0.12*7*103/4) *(80 + 40)
= 25,200 N-mm
(T)t = T + Tc = 27210.04 + 25,200 = 52,410.04 N-mm
There are two arms, each exerting a force P at a radius of
500mm. Therefore
Tt = (2*P)*500 = 1000*P Newton
 Force required to raise the gate P = Tt / 1000
= 52,410.04 / 1000 = 52.41 N
Step – 2 The maximum force exerted by each arm when
the gate is being lowered.
Eqn 9.11 e pg 134
T = (W*dm / 2) * Tan (Φ - α)
But W = 5000 N – 2000 N = 3000 N
= (3*103*36.5 / 2) * Tan (8.531 – 3.493)
= 4,826.60 N-mm
Eqn 9.11g pg 134
Tc = W*fc*dc / 2 but dc = (D1+D2)/2
= W*fc*((D1+D2)/2) / 2
= W*fc*(D1+D2)/4
= (fc*W/4) *(D1 +D2)
= (0.12*3*103/4) *(80 + 40)
= 10,800 N-mm
Tt = T + Tc = 4,826.60 + 10,800 = 15626.6 N-mm
But Tt = (2*P)*500 = 1000*P Newton
 Force required to lower the gate P = Tt / 1000
= 15626.6 / 1000 = 15.63 N
Step – 3 Efficiency of gate mechanism
Eqn no 9.10a page 133
W ∗l 7000∗7
Raising η = 2∗π∗T = 2∗π∗52410.04 = 14.88 %
W ∗l 3000∗7
Lowering η = 2∗π∗T = 2∗π∗15626.6 = 21.38 %

Step 4: Length of nut

Eqn 9.13a pg 135

nt = 4*W / (Pb*π*(d2-D12))

D1 = d – p = 40 -7 = 33 mm

nt = 4*7000 / (5*π*(402-332))
 = 3.49 == 4

= 4 threads

Length of nut = nt*p= 4*7 = 28 mm

5. The lead screw of a lathe has single – start ISO

metric trapezoidal threads of 52 mm nominal
diameter and 8mm pitch. The screw is required to
exert an axial force of 2 kN in order to drive the tool
carriage during turning operation. The thrust is
carried on a collar of 100mm outer diameter and
60mm inner diameter. The values of coefficient of
friction at the screw threads and the collar are 0.15
and 0.12 respectively. The lead and screw rotates at
30 rpm. Calculate
i. The power required to drive the lead screw

ii. Efficiency of the screw.

 Solution:
Given data
W = 2 kN, N = 30 rpm
For screw: d = 52 mm, l = p = 8 mm, f = 0.15, No of starts
(n) = 1
For collar
D2 = 100 mm , D1 = 60mm f = 0.12
Step 1: power required to drive the lead screw
For ISO metric trapezoidal threads
Ɵ = 15o,
Eqn 9.10b pg 133
Lead (l)= n*p = no of starts * pitch = 1*p = 1*8 = 8 mm,
d2 = d – 0.5*p = 52 – 0.5*8 = 48 mm
eqn 9.10b pg 133
tan α = l / (π*d2) = 8 / (π*48)  α = 3.036
eqn 9.10 i pg 134
f sec Ɵ = f / cos Ɵ = 0.15 / cos 15 = 0.1553
fsec Ɵ+ tan α
T = W*(d2 / 2) * 1−fsec Ɵ tan α
fsec Ɵ+ tan α
= W*(d2 / 2) * 1−fsec Ɵ tan α = 10082.85 N-mm

Eqn 9.11g pg 134

Tc = W*fc*dc / 2 but dc = (D1+D2)/2
= W*fc*((D1+D2)/2) / 2 = W*fc*(D1+D2)/4
= (fc*W/4) *(D1 +D2) = 9600 N-mm
Tt = T + Tc = 10082.85 + 9600 = 19682.85 N-mm

Power = P = 2*π*n*Tt / 60*106

= 0.0618 kW
Step 2 Efficiency of screw
Eqn 9.10a pg 133
W ∗l
η = 2∗π∗T = 0.12937 = 0.1294 = 12.94 %

6. The construction of a shaft straightener used on the

shop floor is shown in fig. the screw has single start
square threads of 80mm nominal diameter and
 10mm pitch. The screw is required to exert a
minimum axial force of 10 kN. The mean radius of
collar is 30mm. The axial length of the nut is 40mm.
the coefficient of friction at the threads and the
collar is 0.12. the mean diameter of the rim of the
hand wheel is 500mm. Calculate
a. The force exerted at the rim to drive the screw,
b. The efficiency of the straightener, and
c. The bearing pressure on the threads in the nut.

Solution:
Given data:
W = 10 kN,
For screw:
dia d = 80 mm, pitch(p)=10mm, no of starts (n)= n = 1,
Lead (l) = n*p = 1*10 = 10 mm, eqn no 9.10b pg 133
Coefficient of friction f = 0.12
For collar: rm = 30 mm, f = 0.12
For nut: l = 40 mm
For hand wheel: D = 500 mm

Step 1: Force exerted at rim to drive screw

d2 = d – 0.5*p = 80 – 0.5*10 = 75 mm

pg 133 eqn 9.10b

Tan α = l / (π*d2) = 10 / (π*75) = 0.0424

 α = tan-1(0.0424) = 2.428o

pg 133 Eqn 9.10c

Tan Φ = f = 0.12
 Φ = tan-1 (0.12) = 6.843o

pg 134 Eqn 9.11b

T = (W*d2 /2) * tan (Φ + α)

= (10*103*75/2 ) tan (6.843 + 2.428 )
= 61,227.17 N-mm
The mean radius rm of friction collar is given by,
rm = (r1+r2)/2 = (1/2)*(D1/2 + D2/2) = (D1 + D2 )/4 = 30 mm

pg 134 eqn 9.11g

Tc = fc*W*dc /2
= fc*W* (D1 + D2 )/4
= 0.12*10*103*30
= 36,000 N-mm
Tt = T+ Tc = 61,227.17 + 36,000 = 97,227.17 N-mm
500 mm

The mean diameter of the rim = 500 mm.

Mean radius becomes = 500/2 = 250 mm
Hence the torque exerted on the screw
= effort * distance = P*250
 250*P = Tt
250 mm
 250*P = 97,227.17
  P = 388.908 N
Step 2 : Efficiency of the straightner

pg 133 Eqn 9.10a

W ∗l 10∗103∗10
η= 2∗π∗T = 2∗π∗97227.17 = 0.1627 = 16.27 %
Step 3 : Bearing pressure on threads in nut

The length of the nut = 40 mm

length of nut
No of threads = nt = pitch = 40 / 10 = 4

pg 135 eqn 9.13 a

4∗W
Bearing pressure pb = π∗n ∗(d −D )
t
2 2

d = major dia = 80 mm,

minor dia D = d –p = 80 – 10 = 70 mm
3
4∗10∗10
pb = π∗4∗(80 −70 ) = 2.122 N/mm2
2 2

7. A differential type of screw jack is shown in fig. In this

construction, the two screws do not rotate and the nut is rotated
by the operator by applying a force of 100 N at a mean radius of
500mm.The co-efficient of friction at the threads is 0.15. Calculate
a. The load that can be raised and
b. The efficiency of the screw jack.
Solution:
Given data:
For handle: R = 500 mm, P = 100 N, f = 0.15
Upper screw = RH 50x12
Lower screw = RH 50x8
Step 1: Load capacity of screw jack
In one revolution of the nut, the load is raised
through a distance equal to the difference in the pitch of
the two sectors.
Output = Work done on machine = W*(p1-p2)
= W*(12-8) = 4W
For the upper screw:
d2 = d – 0.5*p = 50 – 0.5*12 = 44 mm
lead = no of starts * pitch = 1*12 = 12mm
Tan α = lead / (π*d2) = 12 /(π*44)
 α = 4.962o
Tan Φ = f = 0.15
 Φ = 8.531o

Torque T = (W*d2 /2) tan (Φ + α)

= (W*44/2 ) tan (8.531 + 4.962 )
= 5.279W N-mm
For the lower screw:
d2 = d – 0.5*p = 50 – 0.5*8 = 46 mm
lead = no of starts * pitch = 1*8 = 8

Tan α = l / (π*d2)
= 8 /(π*46)
 α = 3.52o

Tan Φ = f = 0.15
 Φ = 8.531o

T = (W*d2 /2) tan (Φ - α)

= (W*44/2 ) tan (8.531 - 3.52)
= 1.92 W N-mm
Adding both torques and equating with external torque
100*500 = 5.279W + 1.92W
 W = 6,945.41 N
Step 2: Efficiency of screw jack

output 4∗W 4∗6 , 945.41

η= input = 2∗π∗( P∗R) = 2∗π∗(100∗500)
= 8.84 %