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Week 7 Trends of Periodic Table

The document discusses the periodic table and properties of elements in different groups and periods. It explains that elements are arranged in order of increasing proton number and that elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells. Metals are on the left side of the periodic table and are more reactive than non-metals on the right side. It also discusses trends in groups like Group II metals, Group I metals, transition metals, and Group VII non-metals. Period 3 is discussed and trends across that period from sodium to argon are outlined.

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Daniel Dowding
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41 views3 pages

Week 7 Trends of Periodic Table

The document discusses the periodic table and properties of elements in different groups and periods. It explains that elements are arranged in order of increasing proton number and that elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells. Metals are on the left side of the periodic table and are more reactive than non-metals on the right side. It also discusses trends in groups like Group II metals, Group I metals, transition metals, and Group VII non-metals. Period 3 is discussed and trends across that period from sodium to argon are outlined.

Uploaded by

Daniel Dowding
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Week # 7

Periodic Table
 The elements are classified in a framework called the periodic table
 The elements in the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing proton
number
 The Periodic Table makes it easier to study the properties that elements have
in common
 The Periodic Table consists of Groups and Periods
 All the elements in a group have the same number of electrons in their outer
shell. The number of electrons in the outer shell is the same as the group
number.
 All the elements in the same period have the same number of electrons
shells. The number of shells occupied by electrons is the same as the period
number.
 In any period, there is a change from metallic elements on the left to non-
metallic elements on the right.
 Metals show a greater tendency to lose their valence electrons than non-
metals
 The non-metals (with the exception of the noble gases) attract electrons more
readily than metals
Group II elements (Magnesium to Barium)
 Are all metals
 Have two electrons in their valence shell, with all the inner shells being
filled
 All the elements show a common and fixed oxidation of +2 in their
compounds
 All elements form compounds that ionic
 Show gradual changes in the physical properties as the group is descended,
Densities increases, melting and boiling points generally decrease (metallic
bonding becomes weaker), electro negativities decreases
 Show gradual changes in the chemical properties as the group is descended;
elements are increasingly more reactive due to increasing ease of ionization
The Group 1 elements show similar trends, but they have an oxidation state of +1
in their compounds and are more reactive than the Group II elements

Transition Metals
 Show similar physical properties
 Have variable oxidation states in their compounds
 Their compounds act as catalysts
 They form coloured compounds
 They form complex compounds

Group VII Elements


 Group VII elements, the halogens, have similar electronic configurations and
generally, have similar chemical properties
 The halogens accept electrons easily- they are highly electronegative
 The more electronegative the halogens, the more reactive it is
 Because of their comparatively small atomic size and high electronegativity,
the halogens are powerful oxidizing agents
 Fluorine is the most powerful oxidizing agents and iodine is the least
powerful oxidizing agent in group VII
 The halogens oxidize hydrogen, other non-metals and most metals
 Reactivity decreases down Group VII. An element high in the group
displaces one lower down the group from its compounds
Period 3
 The following trends are observed when going across Period 3, sodium to
argon:
 Atomic radii decrease
 The elements change from metals (e.g. sodium and magnesium) to non-
metals )e.g. Sulphur and chlorine), i.e. there is a decrease in metallic
character
 Whereas the oxides of the elements on the left of Period 3 are Basic, the
oxides of the elements on the right are acidic (although aluminium oxide is
amphoteric- having both basic and acidic properties)
 The oxides and chlorides of the metals in Period 3 are ionic compounds v
with high melting and boiling points
 The oxides and chlorides of the non-metals in Period 3 are covalent
compounds

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