TRANSACTIONAL

ANALYSIS
Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS,
University of Lucknow

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TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
⚫ It was introduced by Dr. Eric Berne.
⚫ The theory is based on analyzing human behavior and
communication.
⚫ Objective is to provide better understanding of how
people relate to one another so that they may develop
improved communication and human relationship.

Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS, University of Lucknow 2

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
⚫ Transactional analysis is a technique used to help
people better understand their own and other’s
behavior, especially in interpersonal relationships.
⚫ It is a good method for understanding interpersonal
behavior.
⚫ It offers a model of personality and the dynamics of
self and its relationship to others that makes possible a
clear and meaningful discussion of behavior.

Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS, University of Lucknow 3

TA is primarily concerned with the
following:
⚫ Analysis of Self-Awareness
⚫ Analysis of Ego-States
⚫ Analysis of Transaction
⚫ Analysis of Life Positions
⚫ Script Analysis
⚫ Analysis of Stroking

Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS, University of Lucknow

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ANALYSIS OF SELF AWARENESS
⚫ The interpersonal relationships are composed of inner self.
⚫ Self is the core of personality pattern which provides
integration.
⚫ Self awareness is an important concept, it describes the self
in terms of image, both conscious and unconscious.
⚫ Joseph Luft and Harrington have developed a diagram to
look at one’s personality including behaviors and attitudes
that can be known and unknown to self and known and
unknown to others.
⚫ This diagram is known as the JOHARI WINDOW.
⚫ It comprising of 4 parts.

Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS, University of Lucknow 5

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Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS, University of Lucknow
2. Analysis of Ego States
⚫ People interact with each other in terms of three
psychological positions or behavioral pattern, known
as ego states.
⚫ Person’s way of thinking, feeling and behaving at any
time.
⚫ Three ego states are:
-Parent Ego State
-Adult Ego State
-Child Ego State

Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS, University of Lucknow 7

Parent Ego State
⚫ Incorporates the attitude and behaviors of all
emotionally significant people who serve as parent
figure.
⚫ There can be two types of parent ego states :
Nurturing Parent Ego State - Nurturing Parent ego state
includes the nurturing side and can be soft, loving, and
permission giving.
Critical Parent Ego State -The Critical Parent includes
part of our personality contains the prejudged thoughts,
feelings and beliefs that we learned from our parents.

Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS, University of Lucknow 8

Adult Ego State
⚫ The Adult ego state evokes behavior that could be
described simply as logical, reasonable, rationale and
unemotional.
⚫ Characterized by problem-solving analysis and
rationale decision making.
⚫ Identified by verbal and physical signs which include
thoughtful concentration and discussion.

Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS, University of Lucknow 9

Child Ego State
⚫ The child ego state is associated with behaviors that
appear when a person is responding emotionally.
⚫ Characteristics of child ego include creativity,
conformity, depression, anxiety, dependence, fear and
hate.
⚫ A person's child contains the 'natural' impulses and
attitudes learned from child experiences.

Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS, University of Lucknow 10

Child Ego State
There are three parts of child ego:
⚫ Natural- The natural child is affectionate impulsive,
sensuous and does what come naturally.
⚫ Adaptive - The adaptive child is the trained one and he
is likely to do what parents insist on, and sometimes
learns to feel non ok.
⚫ Rebellious- The rebellion child experiences anger, fear
and frustration.

Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS, University of Lucknow 11

Analysis of Transactions
Depending on the ego states of the persons involved in
transactions, there may be three types of transactions:

1.Complementary transactions: Both people are operating from

the same ego state. There can be nine complementary
transactions.
⚫ Adult-Adult transactions
⚫ Adult-Parent transactions
⚫ Adult-Child transactions
⚫ Parent-Parent transactions
⚫ Parent-Adult transactions
⚫ Parent-Child transactions
⚫ Child-Parent transactions
⚫ Child-Adult transactions
⚫ Child-Child transactions
Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS, University of Lucknow 12
Analysis of Transactions
2. Crossed transactions: a crossed transaction is one
in which the sender sends message a behavior on the
basis of his ego state, but this message is reacted to by
an unexpected ego state on the part of the receiver.
Crossed communication should be avoided as far as
possible. Whenever such transactions occur,
communication tends to blocked and a satisfactory
transaction is not accomplished.
3.Ulterior transactions: two ego states within the same
person but one disguises the other one.
Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS,
University of Lucknow 13
 Different Types of Transactions

Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS, University of Lucknow 14

Analysis of Life Positions
⚫ In the process of growing up, people make basic
assumptions about themselves and others.
⚫ Very early in childhood a person develops from
experience a dominant philosophy. Such philosophy is
tied into his identity, sense of worth, and perception of
other people.
⚫ This tends to remain with the person for lifetime
unless major experience occur to change it. Such
positions are called life positions.

Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS, University of Lucknow 15

Analysis of Life Positions
Four possible relationship resulted from this life position.
1. I am not OK, You are not OK (neither person have value)
2. I am not OK, You are OK (you have value but I do not
have)
3. I am OK, You are not OK (I have value but you don't
have)
4. I am OK, You are OK (we both have value)

I AM NOT OK, YOU'RE NOT OK (Avoidant/Averse

Style): People tend to feel bad about themselves and see
that the whole world as miserable. Give up, do not trust
other people and have no confidence in themselves.

Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS, University of Lucknow 16

Analysis of Life Positions
I AM NOT OK, YOU'RE OK (Diffident Style): People with
this life position often come from their child ego state.
They feel that others are more capable and generally have
fewer problems than they themselves do.
I AM OK, YOU'RE NOT OK (Bossing Style): This type of
people often come their Critical Parent ego state. They tend
to be down on other people for at least two reasons.
First, they often regard other people as source of criticism.
They feel that if they are not exactly perfect or right, people
will be excessively critical of them.

Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS, University of Lucknow 17

Analysis of Life Positions
Second, they want to break away or rebel from some
authority figure and become more independent, but
they are either not sure how to go about this or they
have had pleasant experiences in attempting it in the
past.
I AM OK, YOU'RE OK (Confident Style): This life
position is considered as healthy position. People with
these feelings express confidence in themselves as well
as trust and confidence in other people in their
environment.

Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS, University of Lucknow 18

SCRIPT ANALYSIS
⚫ In a layman’s view ,a script is the text of play, motion
picture, or a radio or TV programme.
⚫ In transactional analysis a person’s life is compared to
a play and the script is the text of the play.
⚫ According to Eric Berne,” a script is an ongoing
programme, developed in early childhood under
parental influence which directs the individual
behaviour in the most important aspects of his life.
⚫ A script is a complete plan of living, offering
prescriptions, permissions and structure which makes
one winner or loser in life.

Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS, University of Lucknow 19

ANALYSIS OF STROKING
⚫ Stroking is an important aspects of the transactional analysis.
⚫ The term stroke refers to “giving some kind of recognition to others.”
⚫ People need strokes for their sense of survival and well being on the
job. Lack of stroking can have negative consequences both on
physiological and psychological well being of a person.
⚫ There are three types of strokes:
1.Positive strokes: the stroke one feel good, is a positive stroke.
Recognition, approval are some of the examples.
2. Negative strokes: a stroke one feel bad or not good is a negative
stroke. negative strokes hurt physically or psychologically.
3.Mixed strokes: a stroke may be of a mixed type also. Example :the
boss comment to a worker “you did an excellent job inspite your
limited experience.

Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS, University of Lucknow 20

Thank You

Prepared by: Dr. Priya, Assistant Professor, IMS, University of Lucknow 21