EXERCISES CONCEPTS AND PROCEDURES

1.1. Briefly discuss the difference between textual, tabular, and graphical
presentation of data.

In textual representation, each and every data is represented in a subjective

manner. On the other hand, in tabular form of data; details are mentioned in the
form of tables. While the graphical presentation is the most engaging and
successful way to organize and present statistical data. Simply by glancing at
colorful figures that have been tastefully produced, the significant linkages of data
can be quickly observed.

1.2. Identify and briefly discuss the different types of graphs and charts.
Area
This form of graph shows quantitative data in a graphical format. It is built on the
basis of a line chart. Colors, texture, and hatchings are widely used to accentuate
the area between the axis and the line
Bar
This form of data presentation is made up of equal-width bars or rectangular prisms.
In single or paired bar graphs, it can be displayed horizontally or vertically
Column
This is a data visualization in which each category is represented by a rectangle
whose height is equal to the values being plotted. Vertical bar charts are another
name for column chart
Pie
This shows the connections between the various elements of a data set. If you wish
to depict how a whole is divided, this is the graph to use. Angles and sectors should
be proportional to the data's percentage components.
Doughnut
This is a built-in chart type. Doughnut charts are used to show a "part-to-whole"
relationship, with all portions representing 100%. When displaying data with a
minimal number of categories, a doughnut chart is the ideal option.

Line
This form of data visualization depicts the relationships between two sets of
numbers. This type is frequently used to forecast long-term growth trends such as
sales and population.
Scatter
The associations between two variables are depicted using points plotted on a
Cartesian plane. It's similar to drawing a line graph, except there's no need to
connect the points.

APPLICATIONS

1.1. Presented below is the result of the survey conducted on the ice cream
flavor preferences of the consumers. There is a total of 650 respondents
responds in the survey. Find the number of respondent’s preferences for
each ice cream flavor.

a. Cookies and Cream

149.5
b. Strawberry
149.5
c. Vanilla
123.5
d. Chocolate
227.5
1.2. Student in ABC University were surveyed about the type of transport they
use to travel to School. The results were walking 15, car 10, tricycle 25, and
bicycle 6. Construct a pie chart with percentage using this data.

1.3. Write a textual presentation on the current update of COVID-19 cases in your
municipality.
COVID TRACKER FOR MAY 29, 2021

Our City Epidemiology Surveillance Unit recorded 18 new Confirmed cases today.
There is 1 patient each from Barangay Baras, EJC Montilla, and Upper Katungal.
There are 3 each from Buenaflor and New Carmen; 2 each from Poblacion and New
Isabela; and, 5 from San Pablo.This latest CESU report brings the number of our
active cases to 55.
 1.4. Make a tabular presentation on the current update of COVID-19 cases in
Region XII. Indicate the total number of new confirmed cases, new suspect
cases, and probable cases.

REGION Xll COVID-19 TRACKER

AS OF MAY 23.2021
6:00 PM
CONFIRMED COVID-19 TRACKER
COVID-19
PROVINCE TOTAL ACTIVE CASES RECOVERIES
RELATED DEATHS
GENERAL
3,274 555 108 2,611
SANTOS CITY
NORTH
1,638 298 93 1,245
COTABATO
SARANGANI 1,075 281 20 774
SOUTH
3,220 599 75 2,546
COTABATO
SULTAN
1,015 119 27 869
KUDARAT
REGION Xll 10,222 1,852 323 8,045

EXERCISES

CONCEPTS AND PROCEDURES

1.1. Identify and briefly discuss the different type of charts.

Area
This form of graph shows quantitative data in a graphical format. It is built on the
basis of a line chart. Colors, texture, and hatchings are widely used to accentuate
the area between the axis and the line
Bar
This form of data presentation is made up of equal-width bars or rectangular prisms.
In single or paired bar graphs, it can be displayed horizontally or vertically
Column
This is a data visualization in which each category is represented by a rectangle
whose height is equal to the values being plotted. Vertical bar charts are another
name for column chart
Pie
This shows the connections between the various elements of a data set. If you wish
to depict how a whole is divided, this is the graph to use. Angles and sectors should
be proportional to the data's percentage components.
Doughnut
This is a built-in chart type. Doughnut charts are used to show a "part-to-whole"
relationship, with all portions representing 100%. When displaying data with a
minimal number of categories, a doughnut chart is the ideal option.

Line
This form of data visualization depicts the relationships between two sets of
numbers. This type is frequently used to forecast long-term growth trends such as
sales and population.
Scatter
The associations between two variables are depicted using points plotted on a
Cartesian plane. It's similar to drawing a line graph, except there's no need to
connect the points.

APPLICATIONS
1.2. In a test conducted at S and M Grocery Mart, 200 people were asked to
taste 5 different flavors of new tetra pack juice drinks and to report which one
they preferred. The results are listed below.

Flavor Frequency
Pineapple 50
Grapes 27
Orange 70
Mango 40
Strawberry 13

a. Create a bar, pie, and column chart using Microsoft Excel.

Chart Title

Strawberry
Mango
1
Orange
Grapes
Pineapple

0 20 40 60 80
 80 Tetrapack Juice Drinks
70

60
Pineapple
50
Grapes
40
Orange
30 Mango
20 Strawberry

10

0
1

Tetrapack Juice Drinks

7%

25%
20% Pineapple
Grapes
Orange
Mango
13%
Strawberry

35%

b. Interpret the chart using the following guide questions:

 What flavor is preferred by most drinkers?
Orange
 What flavor is next preferred by juice drinkers?
Pineapple
 What do the charts tell you about the sample of juice drinkers?
 It tells about their preferences of the tetra pack juice drink. Out of 200
people, 35% of them prefers Orange flavor,25% prefers Pineappple,
20% of them prefers Mango,13% prefers
 If you were the owner of the grocery mart, what would be the
significance of the taste test results?
It’s important because I can prioritize the flavor of juice that is needed
to be restock.

1.3. The guidance counseling office of a university conducted a five-year post-

graduation survey to determine the types of jobs their graduates were
performing. A sample of 250 graduates of the university was interviewed.
The responses were tailed and summarized as shown:

Job Category Frequency

Managerial 65
Clerical 90
Skilled workers 45
Unemployed 15
Underemployed 35

a. Use an appropriate graphical technique to summarize and present the

data.
 Type of Job University Students Want
to Pursue When they Graduate
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Skilled Unemploye Underemplo
Managerial Clerical
workers d yed
Frequency 65 90 45 15 35

b. Apply the textual method to make an interpretation about the

performance of graduates.
Out of the 250 graduates of the university that we’re interviewed, 65 of
them chose managerial, 90 for clerical, 40 for skilled worker and 35
underemployed.

1.4. The performance of all workers is being evaluated every end of 6 months by
their superiors to monitor their efficiency and take necessary steps to
improve. Thus, quality service is maintained. The summary of performance
ratings of workers is listed below:

Rating Frequency
Excellent 220
Very Satisfactory 175
Satisfactory 85
Poor 20
a. Use a pie chart to present the data given. Apply the necessary
computations to make every sector accurate. You may use any color to
enhance your presentation.

Summary of Workers Performance

Ratings
4%

17% Excellent
44% Very Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Poor
35%

b. Make a tabular presentation of the data with corresponding rate of

percentage.

Summary of Workers Performance

Ratings
Ratings Frequency Percentage
Excellent 220 44%

Very 175 35%

Satisfactory
Satisfactory 85 17%

Poor 20 4%
 EXERCISES

CONCEPTS AND PROCEDURES

TABLE 3.6 Cumulative Frequency Distribution

Cumulative
Class Interval Frequency (f) Class Marks (x)
Frequency (<cf)
40 – 44 4 42 4
45 – 49 3 47 7
50 – 54 4 52 11
55 – 59 3 57 14
60 – 64 10 62 24
65 – 69 2 67 26
70 – 74 5 72 31
75 – 79 8 77 39
80 – 84 3 82 42
85 – 89 6 87 48
90 – 94 2 92 50
N = 50

1.1. Briefly discuss the steps in making frequency distribution table. Illustrate with
the help of an example.
Step 1: Calculate the range of the data set
The range is the difference between the largest value and the smallest
value. We need this to figure out how much “space” we need to divide into
groups. In this example:
Step 2: Divide the range by the number of groups you want and then round
up
Doing this allows us to figure out how large each group is. It’s as if we are
going to cut a board into equal pieces. In step 1, we measured how long the
board is and now we are deciding how big each piece will be.
 Step 3: Use the class width to create your groups I’m going to start at the
smallest number we have is 40 to because 40 +44. Its in the table and it is
labeled as “classes”.
Step 4: Find the frequency for each group This part is probably the most
tedious and the main reason why it is unrealistic to make a frequency
distribution or histogram by hand for a very large data set. We are going to
count how many points are in each group. Let’s start with our first group:40
to 44. We want to count how many points are between 40 and 44NOT
IINCLUDING 44. You see the overlap between the groups right? That’s to
account for decimals and we keep it even when we don’t have any. The right
hand endpoint of any group isn’t included in that group. It goes in the next
group.

1.2. Briefly explain the difference between grouped and ungrouped data.
Grouping of data plays a significant role when we have to deal with large
data. This information can also be displayed using a pictograph or a bar
graph. Data formed by arranging individual observations of a variable into
groups, so that a frequency distribution table of these groups provides a
convenient way of summarizing or analyzing the data is termed as grouped
data. While Ungrouped data is the type of distribution in which the data is
individually given in a raw form. For example, the scores of a batsman in last
5 matches are given as 45,34,2,77 and 80.

APPLICATIONS

1.3. A test administered to a math class of 50 students resulted in the following

scores.

65 32 70 77 34 78 82 70 63 37
52 33 63 63 36 52 55 60 87 76
47 41 72 52 30 43 65 40 92 83
 36 40 86 50 82 46 46 82 90 72
45 60 92 46 36 92 45 74 85 86

a. Construct a frequency distribution using = 6.

b. Find the frequency (f), class mark (x), and cumulative frequency (<cf).

Cumulative
Class Interval Frequency (f) Class Marks (x)
Frequency (<cf)
30 – 40 10 35 10
41 – 51 9 46 19
52 – 62 6 57 25
63 – 73 8 68 33
74 – 84 9 79 42
85 – 95 8 90 50
N = 50

1.4. Consider the raw data below.

50 14 48 12 40
38 16 42 18 30
45 40 27 24 22
30 46 19 33 20
15 36 22 43 10
a. Construct a frequency distribution making 8 – 11 as the first class interval.
b. Find the frequency (f), class mark (x), and cumulative frequency (<cf).

Cumulative
Class Interval Frequency (f) Class Marks (x)
Frequency (<cf)
8 – 11 1 9.5 1
12 – 15 3 13.5 4
16 – 19 3 17.5 7
20 – 23 3 21.5 10
 24– 27 2 25.5 22
28 – 31 2 29.5 14
32– 35 1 33.5 15
36 – 39 2 37.5 17
40 – 43 4 41.5 21
44 – 47 2 45.5 23
48 – 51 2 49.5 25
N = 50

1.5. A sample of 80 adults was taken, and these adults were asked about the
number of credit cards they possess. The following table gives the
frequency distribution of their responses.

Number of Credit Cards Number of Adults

0 to 3 18

4 to 7 26

8 to 11 22

12 to 15 11

16 to 19 3

a. Find the class boundaries and class midpoints.

b. Do all classes have the same width? If so, what is this width?
c. Prepare the cumulative frequency.
d. Identify the upper and lower limit of the 2nd class in the distribution.