Multiple Choices

1 This type of errors occurs due to wrong observations or reading in the instruments.

A. Random Errors C. Observational Errors

B. Theoritical Errors D. Environmental Errors

2 This type of errors occurs due to some external conditions of the instrument.

A. Random Errors C. Observational Errors

B. Theoritical Errors D. Environmental Errors

3 This type of error occur due to wrong construction of the measuring instruments. This type of errors
includes loading effect and misuse of the instruments.

Observational Mistake
A. C.
Error s
Instrumental
B. D.
Errors Random Errors

4 An example of an Instrumental Errors. Due to imperfection of the instruments.

A. Magnetic Declination C. Leveling rod with graudation not perfectly spaced

B. Temperature D. Gravity Errors

5 Which of the following statement is true

A. Positive and Negative Errors of the same size happen with equal frequency
B Large errors occur more often and are more probable
C. Mean of an Infinite Number of Observations is the Most Probable Value
D. Large Errors occur infrequently.

6 It is the most common Method of measuring horizontal distance.

A. Taping C. EDM
B. Pacing D. Tachymetry

7 It is the method of determining Unkown distances thru relationships of vector and magnitude

A. Pacing C. Photogrammetry
Mechanical
B. D.
Devices Graphical & Mathematical

8 The Coefficient of thermal expansion is

A. 0.000116 m / ^C C. 0.0000116 m/ ^C
B. 0.000166 m / ^C D. 0.0000166 m/^C
9 An Error due to Different type of force exerted into the tape.

A. Sag C Pull
B Temperature D Gravity

10 It limits between which the True Error has a 50-50 chances of failing

A. Standard Deviation C. Probable Error

B. Most Probable Value D. Standard Deviation of Sample Mean

11 It is caused by variation in the existing condition of nature where measurement was taken.

A. Natural Error C. Instrument Error

Blunder
B. D.
Systematic Error s

12 It result from the understanding, poor judgement, confusion on the part of the observer or
carelessprocedure and are indicationof incompetence.

Blunder
A. C.
Error s
B. Mistake D. Systematic

13 It is the difference between the observed value and the true value.

Blunder
A. C.
Error s
B. Mistake D. Natural

14 The adjustment must be made in a consistent way, following certain mathematical laws chosen to
achieve a discrepancy- free solution. This type of changing observation is called ______.

A. Adjustment of Observation C. Adjustment of Polygons

B. Adjustment of Quadrilateral D. Approximate Adjustment

15 ______ are usually caused by some external error sources outside the control of the observer during the
observation period.

A. Blunders C. Accidental Error

B. Random Error D. Systematic Error

16 ______ are usually the most important group of error in view of their distribution adjustment and
production

A. Systematic C. Asymmetric
B. Random D. Saw tooth
 17 _____ in which every secord error has a positive sign and every other error has a negative sign.

A. Saw-Tooth Error C. Jump error

B. Wave Error D. Stop Error

18 The shape of the earth is defined most nearly as a

A. Ovaliod C. Oblate Ellipsoid

Spherio
B. D.
d Oblate Spheroid of revolution

19 Which of the following does not include in sources of errors in precise leveling.

A. Instrumental error C. Curvature of the Earth

B. Natural Error D. Effect on sag

20 Errors which cannott be distributed for correction.

A. Probable error C. Standard Error

B. Reltive Error D. Mistake

Problem Solving:

1 Three level lines established on three different routes to established bench marks, the result of which is
as follows:

Route 1: Elevation of BM1 is 30.162 m. BM2 has an elevation which is 68.258 m, above
BM1 and BM3 is 75.442 m. is 75.442 above BM2. Distance of route from BM1 to
BM2 is 3 km and from BM2 to BM3 is 7 km.

Route 2: BM3 is 143.62 m. above BM1. Distance of route from BM1 to BM3 is 6 km long.

BM3 is 143.58 m. above BM1. Distance of route from BM1 to BM3 is 15 km.
Route 3:
long

---------------
1.) compute the weighted difference in elevation between BM1 & BM3
2.) What is the elevation of BM3
3.) What is the adjusted elevation of BM2.

2 A steel tape, known to be of standard length at 20 C, is used in laying out a runway 2,500.00 m long. If its
coefficient of linear expansion is 0.000116/C, determine the temperature correction and the correct
 length to be laid out when the temperature is 42 C

3 A heavy 50-m tape having a cross-sectional area of 0.05 cm^2 has been standardized at a tension of 5.5
kg. If E = 2.10 x 10^6 kg/cm^2, determine the elongation of the tape if a pull of 12kg is applied.

4 A 30-m steel tape weighing 1.45 kg is of standard length under a pull of 5 kg, supported for full
length.The tape was used in measuring a line 93855 m. long on smooth level ground under a steady pull
of 10 kg. Assuming E = 2.0 x 10^6 kg/cm^2 and the unit weight of steel to be 7.9 x 10 ^-3/cm^3,
determine the following:

Determine
a. cross-sectional area of the tape
b. correction for increase in tension
c. Correct lenth of the line measured

5 A 50-m steel tape weighing 0.035 kg/m is constantly supported at mid-length and at its end points, and
is used to measure a line AB with a steady pull of 6.5 kg. If the measured length of AB is 1268.256 m.
determine the following.

Determine
Correction due to sag between supports and for the whole tape
a.
length.
Total sag correction for the whole length
b.
measured.
c. Correct length of line AB.