VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)

ISSN(Online): 2581-7280

VIVA Institute of Technology

9th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)

Software Based calculations of Electrical Machine Design

Priya Singh1, Riya Salunkhe2, Bhavana Sawant3, Anojkumar Yadav4

1
(Electrical Engineering, Viva institute of Technology, Virar)
2
(Electrical Engineering, Viva institute of Technology, Virar)
3
(Electrical Engineering, Viva institute of Technology, Virar)
4
(Electrical Engineering, Viva institute of Technology, Virar)

Abstract : This project presents the Designing of Transformer and Induction Motor. Mathematical equations are
used for the designing of Transformer and Induction Motor. They help in determining the dimension and electrical
parameters which will satisfy specifications such as rating of machine, speed of the machine, etc. used for design.
But the design calculation can be a hectic process when done manually. Since the calculation is long and
interdependent with each steps the occurrence of error is more likely. Python programming language is adopted
for fast computation, to simplify the process and to minimize this error. The program is designed in such a way
that allows the user to enter the main specification of the machine. The program performs the calculation required
thus allowing the user to obtain the results. In addition, the software would be useful for the education and
research purpose.
Keywords - Python, Transformer, Induction Motor, Designing, Calculation.

I. INTRODUCTION
Design can be defined as a creative physical realization of theoretical concepts. It is a systematic process
of finding the dimensions and electrical parameters of a machine Design may be defined as a creative physical
realization of theoretical concepts. Engineering design is application of science, technology and invention to
produce machines to perform specified tasks with optimum economy and efficiency.
The design procedure for transformer and induction motor has been well established. These design
procedures have a lengthy calculation and if there is any change in the parameters it needs to be recalculated. But
by doing so the chances of causing an error increase. So, by using the python programming language we can get
the exact values of the design for given specification.
Python programming language provides us with fast computation results and it eliminates the chances of
an error. Hence python is a useful development tool which opens up new technique for designing of machine. It
can also be used an educational tool.

II. DESIGN METHODOLOGY

2.1 Design of Transformer

In the design of transformer, output is specified by the user, voltage rating, frequency, no of phases,
connection type is given by user, some of the parameter are selected by the designer like type of cooling, type of
core, etc. Now certain values like flux density, current density is selected from the standard range and then using
output equation (which relates KVA rating if transformer with its main dimensions) parameters like net core area
Ai, net window area Aw is found out and then further design is completed. Thus, to start the design of transformer,
output equation (Relation between output of transformer, main dimensions of transformer and various loading) is
required.

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280 Article No. X
PP XX-
XX VIVA Institute of Technology
9th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)

2.2 Working of Transformer

The program is coded to calculate the dimensions and electrical parameter. Select the type of transformer
and enter the data as per the required specified standard design data available, if any input is not available the user
should skip and proceed further. Six conditions will be provided to choose from. Each condition will ask the user
for the required input for calculation. Hence the design parameters are calculated automatically and the values are
displayed.

2.3 Flowchart

Figure 1. Block Diagram

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280 Article No. X
PP XX-
XX VIVA Institute of Technology
9th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)

2.4 Methodology of Transformer

Table 1. Transformer Procedure

Voltage per turn Et= K√Q (1)

K = √4.44 f r  10-3 (2)
Sr. No. Type of Transformer K
1. Single phase shell type 1.0 – 1.2
2. Single phase core type 0.75 – 0.85
3. Three phase shell type 1.3
4. Three phase core type Power 0.6 – 0.7
5. Three phase core type Distribution 0.45
Flux in core Ф= Et/ 4.44 × f (3)

Net Iron Core Ai = Et / 4.44 f Bm (4)

Circumscribing Ai = ki d2 (5)
circle d = √ Ai / ki (6)

No of Square 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step

Stepping
ki 0.45 0.56 0.6 0.62

Gross cross Ai = ks Ag (7)

Section area
Window space Kw = Area of copper in window (8)
factor Total area of window
Kw = 8 up to 10 KVA (9)
30 + KV
Kw = 10 up to 250 KVA (10)
30 + KV
Kw = 12 above 250 KVA (11)
30 + KV

Output equation Single phase : Q = 2.22 f Bm  KW AW Ai  10-3 (12)

Three phase : Q = 3.33 f Bm  KW AW Ai  10-3 (13)
Current density Type of cooling δ A/mm2
Natural cooling 1.2 to 2.3
Forced cooling 2.2 to 4.0
Cooling with circulating oil 4.5 to 6
Window area Single phase core: Aw = Q / 2.22 f Bm  KW Ai  10-3 (14)
Three phase core: Aw = Q / 3.33 f Bm  KW Ai  10-3 (15)
Main dimension Single phase:
D = d + Ww (16)
Dy = a (17)
H = Hw + 2 Hy (18)
W=D+a (19)
Three phase :
D = c + Ww (20)
Dy = a (21)
H = Hw + 2 Hy (22)
W = 2D + a (23)

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280 Article No. X
PP XX-
XX VIVA Institute of Technology
9th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)

2.5 Design of Induction Motor

The main purpose of designing an induction motor is to obtain the complete physical dimensions of all
the parts of the machine as mentioned below to satisfy the customer specifications. The following design details
are required.
1.The main dimensions of the stator
2.Details of stator windings.
3. Design details of rotor and its windings
4. Performance characteristics

2.6 Methodology of Induction Motor

Table 2. Induction Motor Procedure
Main Dimensions
Output equation KVA = 3 x 4.44 x Kw x f x Tph x Iph x 10-3 (1)
kVA KVA = kW/ cos  (2)
D&L D2 L = KVA/C0 ns (3)
Peripheral velocity v = Dn (4)
Net core length Li = ks Lc (5)
Stator winding design
Flux per phase m = Bav x DL / P (6)
(7)
Turns per phase Tph = Eph / 4.44 f m kw (8)
Current per phase Iph = kVA x 103 / 3 x Eph (9)
Stator slot design
Stator slot pitch Ss = D / yss (10)
Conductor per slot Zss = 3 x 2 x Ts / Ss (11)

III. RESULTS

Figure 2. Output Window

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280 Article No. X
PP XX-
XX VIVA Institute of Technology
9th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)

Figure 3. Values Window

IV CONCLUSION

Hence, we designed the project to determine the dimensions and electrical parameters of transformer and
induction motor swiftly and efficiently. To analyze the transformer and induction motor parameter coding is done
in Python software. This method provides faster results and minimizes the errors that are likely to occur when done
manually therefore providing us with accurate results. The mere purpose of the project is to make it as an
educational tool. The computer-aided design is a useful developmental tool that opens up new techniques for
designing static electrical machines. It saves time and reduces potential errors to a minimum level as compared
with the manual mathematical approach which has apparent limitation. The computer-aided design is a useful
developmental tool that opens up new techniques for designing static electrical machines. It saves time and reduces
potential errors to a minimum level as compared with the manual mathematical approach which has apparent
limitation.

REFERENCES
[1] Akshansh Sharma, Firoj Khan, Deepak Sharma, Dr. Sunil Gupta “Python: The Programming Language of Future” IJIRT, May 2020.
[2] Praveen Giri, Sudip Babu Dhakal “Transformer Design using MATLAB” IOE Graduate Conference”, 2019-Winter, Volume: 7, December
2019.
[3] K. R. Srinath “Python – The Fastest Growing Programming Language” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
(IRJET). Volume: 04 Issue: 12, Dec-2017.
[4] Ayushi Patel, Namrata Bapodariya, Himanshu Panchal, Nimesh Smart, Kshitij Bhatt
“Design 3-Phase Core Type of Transformer and Modification of Symmetrical Star Shaped Core” International Journal of Advance
Engineering and Research Development Volume 4, Issue 1, January -2017/
[5] Kalyani Adawadkar “Python Programming-Applications and Future” IJIRT, April 2017.
[6] Nileema Patil, J. H. Patil “Design and Analysis of Transformer Using MATLAB”, IJSTE, Volume 1, Issue 12, June 2015.
[7] Ankur Verma, Kapil Gandhi, Divi Saxena, Arvind Kumar, Ankit Verma “Design of Single and Three phase Transformer Using
MATLAB” International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, Volume-4, Issue-2, April-2014.
[8] Joseph El Hayek “Transformer Design as a Key for Efficiency Optimization” XIX International Conference, May 2010.
[9] A Bogdanchikov , M Zhaparov and R Suliyev “Python to learn programming”.
[10] H. G. Steffens “Fundamentals of Transformer Construction and design”.
[11] A.K.Swawhney “Electrical Machine Design”.

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