PRISON MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree
of Bachelor of Technology

In

Information Technology

By

ParthSekhri (151479)

Under the supervision of

(Dr. Amit Kumar Jakhar)

To

Department of Computer Science & Engineering and Information Technology

Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat, Solan-173234,

Himachal Pradesh
 CERTIFICATE

Candidate’s Declaration

This is to certify that the work which is being presented in the report entitled “Prison
Management System” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
degree of Information Technology submitted in the department of Computer Science &
Engineering and Information Technology, Jaypee University of Information Technology
Waknaghat is an authentic record of our own work carried out under the supervision of
Dr. Amit Kumar Jakhar (Assistant Professor, Grade II, Computer Science &
Engineering Department).
The matter embodied in the report has not been submitted for the award of any other
degree or diploma.

Parth Sekhri, 151479

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidates is true to the best of my
knowledge.

Dr. Amit Kumar Jakhar

Assistant Professor (Grade II)
Department of Computer Science
Date:

i
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express special thanks of gratitude to my project supervisor DR. Amit
Kumar Jakhar who helped me with everything needed for the successful completion of the
project and his timely warnings which motivated us to do the project with complete
eagerness and hard work and for the up to date information requirement for our project titled
- PRISON MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.

I also want to give a whole sum of applaud to JAYPEE UNIVERSITY

OFINFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY for providing me with the latest technology
required for our project and for the cooperation which was a necessity.

Date: Dr. Amit Kumar Jakhar

(Assistant Professor)

ii
 CONTENTS

CERTIFICATE .................................................................................................................... i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................. ii

CONTENT ..................................................................................................................... iii-iv

LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................v

ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... vi

ABBREVATIONS ............................................................................................................ vii

CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................................1

Introduction and Actuation ..................................................................................................1

1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................1

1.2 About the project ................................................................................................... 1-2

1.3 Actuation ....................................................................................................................2

CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................................................3

2.1 PAPER 1 .............................................................................................................. 3-4

2.2 PAPER 2 ................................................................................................................... 4-6

2.3 PAPER 3 .................................................................................................................... 5-7

CHAPTER 3 .......................................................................................................................8

Design Modules .................................................................................................................8

3.1 Outline .........................................................................................................................8

3.2 Types of Tasks ........................................................................................................ 8-10

iii
3.3 Sentence Serving ................................................................................................... 11-12

3.4Parole and Interview Handling ............................................................................ 12-13

3.5Complaint Handling ...................................................................................................13

3.6Components………………………………………………………………………..14

3.7Physical activity and sport for inmates…………………………………………….15

CHAPTER 4 .....................................................................................................................16

Implementation ...................................................................................................... 16-21

CHAPTER 5 ......................................................................................................................22

5.1 Benifits ....................................................................................................................22

5.2 Benefits of SQLite ...................................................................................................23

CHAPTER 6 .....................................................................................................................24

6.1 Project Code ..................................................................................................... 24-30

CHAPTER 7 .....................................................................................................................31

7.1 Results ............................................................................................................... 31-36

CHAPTER 8 ......................................................................................................................37

8.1 Scalability ...............................................................................................................37

CHAPTER 9 ......................................................................................................................38

9.1 CONLUSION .........................................................................................................38

REFRENCES ……………………………………………………………………………39-40

iv
 LIST OF FIGURES

1. FIGURE –3.1 8

2. FIGURE –3.2 10

3. FIGURE – 3.3 11

4. FIGURE –3.3.1 11

5. FIGURE –3.4 13

6. FIGURE –7.1 29

7. FIGURE – 7.2 30

8. FIGURE –7.3 31

9. FIGURE –7.4 32

10. FIGURE –7.5 32

11. FIGURE –7.6 33

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 ABSTRACT

This project titled “Prison Management System” is built in the view of providing
management software for handling the inner working of any small jail across the country.
Since most popular jail in INDIA known as Tihar jail already provide certain recreational
facilities and has a very strong management system for their working. However, in our
research we found out that most of the jails in India does not have an inner proper
management system for handling all the activities taking place in the inner premises of a jail
and this could be improvised to a great extend and thus could be considered useful soon. This
report is basically based on main five sections which include – Introduction and Actuation,
Literature Review, Design Modules, Implementation, Benefits and Scalability. Introduction
and Actuation deals with the details of facilities offered with aim of transformation of
prisoners over the years of their sentence so that they don’t behave I the similar way they did
before, it also elaborates the inspiration taken from Kiran Bedi, former IPS who had a vision
of transforming criminals into civilized human beings. The next section- Literature Review
contains details of 2 papers and 1 case study which we went through before creating design
structure for our project.
The two papers were one of Texas Prison System and Mumbai Prison System for Arthur Jail
Road to have a grasp of both national and international facilities regarding the subject.
PRISMS- the Prison Management System for Goa was the case study which we went
through because of the rave reviews which were given since its establishment. The third
section entails the four main design modules for my project namely- Types of Tasks,
Sentence Serving, Parole and Interview Handling, and Complaint Handling. It also contains
the way these sections will be implemented and what types of features they will offer. The
fourth section deals with the implementation of the project and the tools used and needed for
the project. The fifth section shows the benefits of the software and how it will benefit and
save time of the ongoing activities inside the jail premises. The last section is about how the
project can be expanded to include additional features which could be designed better, new
methodologies, and how it can be modified to different jail systems across the country.

vi
 ABBREVATIONS

1. PRIMS- Prison management system

2. NGO- Non-government organization
3. TDCJ- Texas department of criminal justice
4. OPD- Out patient department
5. GPR-Government process reengineering
6. GEL-Inspector general of prisons
7. GDBM-GNU database management
8. ACID-Atomic consistent isolated database

vii
 Chapter 1
Introduction and Actuation

1.1Introduction

Tihar was the first full secured security prison of INDIA run by State of Punjab. In 1967,
control was given to the Capital Territory of Delhi. Beginning in 1985, more facilities were
constructed, and security was tightened.
Under the rule of Kiran Bedi, when she was Inspector General of Prisons, she initiated
several prison transformations for Tihar which included changing the name to Tihar Ashram.
She also started a Various meditation program for both staff and inmates, so the health of
inmates and staff wouldn’t be sacrificed. Starting classes were inaugurated by S. N. Goenka.
The Prison has also come up with an inmate who has passed the Indian Administrative
Service civil service examinations which tell us that there were many educational reforms
too.
Most of the criminals continue their higher education through distance education which was
a very good and beautiful transformation. The campus placement drive was launched in 2012
for the rehabilitation of inmates which are about to complete their sentences. In 2014, a
recruitment drive led to 70 inmates selected based on their good conduct, received job offers
with salaries up to 45000 (US$670) per month, from as many as 32 recruiters, which
included educational institutions, NGOs and private companies

1.2About the project

Jails all over the world have transformed into a place of transformation and somewhat of
educational institute in making. In India, the Tihar Jail has provided a lot of facilities for the
inmates such as recreational facilities, educational facilities, panchayat systems,

1
psychological treatment, yoga and meditation, creative art therapy to help overall
development and nourishment of inmates. Various bakery products, shirts, handlooms,
paintings, etc. are available online under the brand name “TJ’s” for people to buy. These
products are designed and manufactured by the inmates inside the jail premises. Also, a food
court is established under the name “Tihar Food Court”, which has received rave reviews for
the quality of food and gesture of inmates.
So, our project aims to create a management system for record management and automated
task allocation of the inmates for efficient time utilization, cost minimization and to help the
government convert convicts into civilized individuals.

The project serves three main objectives:

1. To deliver a system that covers all region of prison management from the admission
to the release of the prisoner and connectivity/connection across jails; brings in
administrative efficiency and sense of security; leads to prisoner empowerment in the
jails.

2. Proper use of technology to bring transparency in the system and provide accurate
implementation of rules and make data easily available to bring in efficient decision
making.

3. To bring in full accuracy in the prison management is the key functional and
operational areas, to overcome the manual or hand-written system and to bring in the
advancement and use of new technology in the process with proper record keeping
and make the work of staff much easier and smooth in day-to-day activity.

1.3Actuation

Kiran Bedi, national icon, and former IPS has a vision of better India and for all the people
which come under the country no matter they are criminals or not. She wanted to improve the
life of the criminals by self-motivation them developing their skills, educating them so they
can feel the sense of responsibility and they do not resort to their former ways when their

2
period serving is over. This led to reformation of Tihar Jail, to Tihar Ashram. I would further
like to contribute to the system by providing my software to the Government of India to help
improve this initiation and the step forward of transformation of such people. In my belief,
technology’s primary purpose is to reach out all sections of society and help raise their
standard of living.

3
 Chapter 2

Literature Review

2.1 Paper 1- Prison, Prison Management Models and the Texas Prison
System

Submitted By- Gevana Lynn Salinas (Texas University- San Marcos, Dept. Of Political
Science, Public Administration Program), Summer 2010

Objective- To find out the characteristics of the Texas Prison System as compared to
previous differentiated model and the model Texas Prison System is currently using and
hence form a new module.

Abstract
Purpose
The first objective of this study is to describe the characteristics of the two previous prison
system models and prison management models using school level literature. The second
purpose is to conduct a research to identify which prison model and prison management
model the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) is using in real to operate and
manage the Texas Prison System. Finally, the study will present conclusions and
recommendations for future research which could be very useful.

Methodology
The methodology used in this research study is mostly document analysis. Documents and
division mission statements were reviewed and retrieved from agency division overviews;
agency budgets; an agency survey; and policy and procedure handbooks and manuals. These
documents were used to implement the conceptual framework.

4
Results
The outcomes demonstrated the TDCJ donate the manage, in addition to possessions out of
your Differentiated product and Duty type. That the TDCJ seems to function underneath the
Differentiated product and can be regulated based around the search for your own
undertaking. Policy the assignment announcements and procedure make clear this Texas
Prison System's assignment. It's significantly exactly the exact very same at the time of each
country cover and to restore back the offenders in society as taxpayers and successful law-
abiding. Jail administrator's and the Texas Prison technique major aims is also to simply take
good care and also always to keep up control, also restrain the offenders next procedure and
policy.

Contribution
▪ Division of labor

▪ Efficient resource allocation

▪ Addition of professionals, doctors and social workers

▪ Interest group philosophies

▪ Re-location of ex-criminals

2.2 Paper 2- Prison Management System for Arthur Road Jail

Submitted By- Submitted by Rahul Singh, Sr. Consultant, KPMG, 2010

Objective-
To keep a transcript of inmates so the records are not lost, establishment/administrative
functions, visitor’s management, record of work allocation, record person’s personal
belongings.

5
Abstract
Prison Department of Maharashtra has forced Prison Management System (PMS) in Mumbai
center prison and Mumbai district prison, in the year 2011 with a vision to extend up PMS to
all prisons in Maharashtra. However, due to many upcoming challenges the department is in
the process of achieving of different options/solutions available to computerize different
prisons in whole of Maharashtra. This case study provides experiences from the project,
snapshot of various available PMS options and brief on the way forward for implementation
of PMS at various other prisons all over Maharashtra.

Contribution-
A client and server-based system is set up inside the prison premise with no or limited
access to internet due to some security reasons.
KTS Private Limited has provided all hardware components such as servers,
desktops, printers, software licenses etc. at the current situation the contract of M/s
KTS Computer Private Limited is nonexistent hence no hardware support is given.
The PMS application is created by ACL, and computerized various functions such as
record of prisoner right from starting to the end, establishment section, lab, pharmacy,
OPD, ration for the canteen and laundry services. However, it may be called that
computerization of present drive process has been done without considering process
reengineering prior to computerization of the process or sub-process. As per the
contract the IPR is owned by M/s ACL and the annual maintenance contract has been
recently renewed and there was a time when no support was given by ACL.

2.3 Case Study 1- Prison Management System (PRISMS) Proposition by the

govt of goa about e-governance project.

Submitted By-
Osama Manzari, Social Entrepreneur, December 2012

6
Objective-
To analyze PRISMS, implemented by Inspector General of Prisons all over goa.

Abstract-
The Prisons the executives frameworks is otherwise called (PRISMS) which is a milestone of
e-administration begun by Goa government which has been spearheading as well as
significant in numerous such new companies in different states the extent that
computerization and productivity of Prisons the board is concerned. Crystals is a successful
ICT-empowered jail organization and the executives’ framework with the point of giving a
simple powerful and proficient component profiting the detainees and the cognizant jail
division. This investigation plans to get front the significance of Government Process re
building (GPR) in the matter of forcing ICT frameworks and the resultant advantages to
partners.
Even the Prisons administration approaches will be known as (PRISMS) that is certainly a
milestone of e governance initiated by Goa federal authorities that not just was but
additionally essential in most startups in different nations so significantly as computerization
and efficacy of Prisons direction is also concerned. PRISMS can be direction approach and
an effective jail management together using the intent of delivering an easy effective and
powerful mechanism profiting the prison section along with the offenders. This analysis
intends to create about the front the value of govt. Procedure r e production (GPR) at the
topic of imposing ICT techniques along with also the consequent advantages to stake
holders.
Earlier PRISMS usage has demonstrated to us the key need period of jail oversaw in Goa
bringing about overpowering enhancements in jail organization and in the everyday
existences of the detainees. While PRISMS has turned out as a wellspring of extraordinary
positive change among the partners, it has likewise held its reasonableness dependent on
being low in expense.
However, PRISMS has had its own amount of challenges and limitations; for e.g., difficulty
in motivating and overcoming minor issues for the staff coming because of the
implementation of the new system, design of the system and deployment with 24 different
modules, building network and conforming system foolproof and monitoring.

7
The objective of this case study is to study PRISMS, carried out in jails and judicial lock-ups
across Goa with the help of the Office of Inspector General of Prisons. This research is
divided into 5 major sections and focus is on detailed study on the pre-implementation
condition of the project, the current status with respect to the proper functioning condition of
the jails and benefits provided to the system, hardships and lessons faced during the
implementation phase. In terms of methodology, every data was collected, including
interviews of stakeholders, mainly the office of the Inspector General of Prisons, GEL – the
agency that created and acted the solution, the prison management staff, and the officers
working within the system as well as the inmates.

Methodology-
Primary data collected from interviews with various stakeholders.

The research which was done on this case study and the results which were given
point out to positive impact of e-governance programs which has been set up by the
government for the good being of the inmates.

8
 Chapter 3

Design Modules

3.1 Outline
This figure is showing outline of this module

VARIOUS SENTENCE
TASKS SERVING

PAYROLE COMPLAINT
AND REGISTER
INTERVIEW

FIGURE 3.1

9
3.2 Types of Tasks
The tasks done by the prisoners is mainly divided into two categories-

3.2.1 Mandatory Tasks-

Tasks which are mandatory for all inmates and comes under the policies of the jail authorities
mainly called tasks which are predefined according to the rule book fall under the category of
mandatory tasks.

The tasks are to be assigned on such basis that every inmate does everything once to serve
the purpose of the program.

The following tasks are considered to fall under the category of mandatory tasks-
Washing Tasks
Mess Service
Canteen Service
Meditation sessions
Psychiatrist sessions
Feedback stations

This sub-module is implemented as follows-

Task Switching will be performed on weekly basis.

Database will save all the information on which task an inmate has performed each
week for effective rotational assignment of task.

3.2.2 Specialization Tasks-

An inmate has a choice that either he can pursue an educational degree/course or be a
part of industry/profession such as painting, bakery, hand-made products, apparel,
textile, furniture, etc.

10
 Recruitment Drive also takes place for the inmates about to complete their sentence.
(Except for rape convicts) Companies such as Taj Mahal Group, Aariz Media,
Vedanta Foundation, People’s Own Foundation, etc. have offered salaries ranging
from Rs. 8,000 to Rs. 35,000 per month.

This sub-module is implemented as follows-

11
Preparation for
end term
placement drive

Track of
academic
performance

Educational
degree

12
 Industry/
profession

Record of
training and
manufactured
goods

Revenue
earned

FIGURE 3.2

3.3 Sentence Serving

o Two Important aspects- s

13
 Reduction of serving time Freeing over – trial period

▪ Reduction ranges from 15 ▪ Law passed by Supreme Court

days to 3 months. in September 2004.
▪ Given as reward for good ▪ If an inmate serves half of its
behaviour inside the jail time without being convicted,
premises. they should be released.

Figure 3.3

o Reduction of serving period is due to good behavior which may constitute the
following factors:-

Scoring high marks

Not missing out on Not indulging in
academically and
any mandatory task any kind of fight
good performance
given with other inmates
overall

FIGURE 3.3.1
This sub-module is implemented as follows-

Database has attributes very information, so the evaluation of prisoners is a much easier tasks
and much fairer task. This information is also crucial while the recruitment drive is in
process.

14
Freeing prisoners who has served more than half of the maximum sentence they would have
received without being convicted, is done to

1. Reduce the problem of overcrowding

2. Release prisoners who serve long sentences for petty crimes,
just because they are awaiting trial.

Calculation of maximum sentence and sentence served taking in account whether the
prisoner has been convicted or not will make the procedure swifter.

3.4 Parole and Interview Handling

An interview is a process where an inmate could meet his/her family within the jail
premises or outside (in case the prisoner is admitted in a hospital). An inmate is
allowed two interviews per week.

Problem in such a procedure arises within the jails which comprise of large number
of inmates, such as Tihar Jail itself, since a limited space is given for the interview
purposes.

Parole is a system that allows temporary release of prisoners before the completion of
their sentence for reasons such as marriage in family, ill health, property disputes, etc.

Problem arises due to lack of alert system and record management, where paroles are
offered with unfair priorities and not managed properly (as in case of Manu Sharma-
convict of Jessica Lall murder case).

This sub-module is implemented as follows-

Interview handling Parole management

15
 ▪ Record management for ▪ Priority is given to each parole
proper management of according to the following
allocation of interview factors:-
room where inmates 1. Urgency of visit.
meet their family 2. First come first serve
member. basis

FIGURE 3.4

3.5 Complaint Handling

Traditionally, what happens is that if any inmate has a complaint, he/she drop their
complaints or grievances in a complaint box.

A box of hand-written complaints is usually difficult to sort, handle and is a time-

consuming process.

Another method is a group meeting where all inmates come together, and their
grievances are heard, and solutions provided.

Again, in such cases, lack of permanent record which has no record of being given of
grievances leads to ignorance of numerous problems.

This sub-module is implemented as following-

A system where prisoner enters/ or a police in-charge enters the grievances of a prisoner and
enters the priority (urgent/not so serious) and also calculates the similar number of
complaints so that right priority can be assigned to the complaints.

3.6Components of a Management Information System

16
Hardware
Hardware is a generic term that refers to the physical artifacts of a technology. It may also
mean the physical components of a computer system, in the form of computer hardware
Input and output devices constitute the hardware components of MIS, (Daniel, 2004).
Software
Software is a general term used to describe a collection of computer programs, procedures
and documentation that perform some tasks on a computer system. The term includes
application software such as word processors and system software such as operating systems.
The programs and applications convert data into machine-readable language, (Daniel, 2004).
Procedures
Procedures are sets of rules, protocols or guidelines, which an organization establishes for the
use of a computer-based information system (Daniel, 2004.)
Personnel
The computer experts, managers, users, analysts, programmers, database managers, and
many other computer professionals who utilize the computer-based information systems,
(Phil, 2002).
Data
Data are raw facts in isolation. Data describes the fundamental components and events of a
business or an organization. It acts as a raw material for the information systems

Physical activity and sport for inmates

Wellbeing Imprisonment conditions, for the most part connected to lockups and seclusion,
add to the rise of numerous physical and mental prisoners' undesirable outcomes contrasted
with the more extensive network (Courtney and Sabo, 2001; Loeb and Steffensmeier, 2011;
Plugge, Foster, Yudkin and Douglas, 2009; Plugge, Douglas and Kirkpatrick, 2006;
Richmond et al., 2011; Tosh, 1982; Valcarcel, 2001). Along these lines, wellbeing security
and wellbeing advancement exercises are significant issues to be tended to by the jail
arrangement of each nation to go to the rights and necessities of individuals in repression.
Worldwide establishments, for example, the World Health Organization (2007), have

17
likewise created various archives and aides routed to the wellbeing in penitentiaries. In this
circumstance, physical action and sports have been viewed as one of the key exercises for the
wellbeing assurance and advancement of prisoners and research has been routed to such
reason. Biomedical learning put together research with respect to physical action and sports
are similarly appropriate either to the overall population or prisoners. This information
expresses that more elevated amounts of standard physical movement are related with lower
death rates, even in the individuals who take an interest in tolerably extraordinary exercises
www.prisonersonthemove.eu 18 and good connection among exercise and cardiovascular
wellbeing and diabetes are likewise watched (Amtmann, 2001). Some other psychological
wellness benefits are likewise detailed from overall population and connected to detainees
since these issues are specifically noteworthy in jail as a gathering of concentrates from the
most recent decade recommend. In a poll put together investigation from USA with respect
to prisoners' discernments in regard to an activity program, Nelson, Specian, Campbell and
DeMello (2006) announced that members see a reduction in misery, stress and tension, just
as an improvement in their physical shapes and wellness levels. Over sectional investigation
dependent on a poll, Cashin, Potter and Butler (2008) brought up a noteworthy backwards
connection between self-revealed practice in minutes out of each week and misery among an
example of 914 Australian detainees. Another ongoing cross-sectional investigation
demonstrated that self-esteem and satisfaction with mental state in physically dynamic
detainees from Lithuanian remedy houses were essentially higher than in physically dormant
prisoners, albeit low self-esteem was not decided in any detainees (Vaiciulis, Kavaliauskas
and Radisauskas, 2011). In this investigation, the likelihood that the convicts who have a
solid awareness of other's expectations will in general be more physically dynamic than the
detainees who don't view themselves as capable is a few times higher. There are some near
relationship examines created in USA that demonstrated essentially lower dimensions of
wretchedness, stress and nervousness among those prisoners who practiced thought about to
those who did not work out (Backaloo, Krug and Nelson, 2009) or distinguished a day by
day sport practice in an altogether higher level of non-sleep deprived person detainees'
gathering than the light sleeper detainees' gathering (Elger, 2009). Another relative
investigation created with male prisoners detailed a lessening of verbal animosity,
threatening vibe and outrage in the weight-preparing gathering while life scores altogether

18
diminished in the non-weight-preparing gathering (Wagner, McBride and Crouse, 1999). A
semi exploratory investigation created in a male jail detailed that a 12-week program of
customary vigorous exercise diminished side effects of melancholy (Libbus, 1994). The
positive connections detailed in the past examinations need more research to affirm this
information since there still are different investigations with no decisive outcomes. Among
them, there is a pilot randomized control preliminary examination, created in Australia, that
investigated the impact of a 12-week exercise and wellbeing training program on male
detainees' mental misery and results demonstrated no factually critical contrasts among pre
and post-practice program. There was likewise no noteworthy connection between complete
mental pain and taking an interest or not taking an interest in the activity (Cashin, Potter,
Stevens, Davidson and Muldoon, 2008).

19
 Chapter 4

Implementation

4.1 Database Used- SQLite

4.1.1 Introduction to SQ-Lite

It is a comparative database management system which is contained in C programming

history. In comparison with other database management systems, it is not a client–server
database engine rather it is a fixed into the program end. SQ-Lite is also known as ACID- as
it compliant and imposes most of the SQL standard, using a diverse and easy typed SQL
syntax that does not guarantee the domain honesty. SQ-Lite is a famous choice as
encapsulated database software for local/client storage in software such as various web
browsers. It is no dough the most universally deployed database engine, as it is used today by
many web browsers, operating systems, and embedded systems, among others. SQ-Lite is
essential to many programming languages.

4.2History

Dr. Richard Hippp designed SQ-Lite in the spring of 1999by hand working for Dynamics on
contract with the US Navy. Hippp was designing software which was about to be used on
aboard guided missile destroyers, which were based on HP-UX with IBM Informix database
back-end. The design goals of SQ-Lite were to be allowed to be mechanized with help of
database management system or requirement of a database administrator. Hippp based the
syntax and definitions on PostgreSQL 6.7 documentation. In July 2000, version 1.0 of SQ-
Lite was launched, with storage based on gdbm (GNU Database Manager). SQ-Lite 2.0
changedgdbm with a custom B-tree implementation, with add on of transaction capability.
SQ-Lite 3.0, part of which is funded by America Online, which added internationalization,

20
manifests typing, and other big improvements. In 2011 Hippp announced his plans to add an
UnQL interface to SQLite databases and to createUnQ-Lite, an embeddable document-
oriented database.

4.2.1 Features
Atomic, consistent, isolated, and durable (ACID) are the transactions even after
system fails.

No need of any kind of administration.

All SQ-Lite features such as partial indexes and common table.

A single cross disk contains all the database which can also be used as an application.

Terabyte sized, and gigabyte sized strings or blogs can be stored.

Optional features come out.

Very basic and simple to use API.

Binding for almost every language is available.

Good source good with 100% test coverage.

Could also be available as a ANSI-C-source file.

Self-claimed and no other dependencies

Easy to port to with other systems.

Public domain sources which are available to everyone.

Additionally, has CLI which is used to administer SQ-Lite databases.

21
4.2.2 Implied Use for SQ-Lite:

Embedded devices and the things of internet

Because of SQ-Lite database requires no administration, it works well in devices that do not
need human support for their function. SQ-Lite can also be used in the following objects
such as “mobiles, set-top boxes, televisions, game consoles, cameras, watches, kitchen
appliances, thermostats, automobiles, machine tools, airplanes, remote sensors, drones,
medical devices, and robots”: the "internet of things".

Client/server database engines are created for the data to live inside a peaceful-focused
datacenter in the core of the network. SQ-Lite also offer its offering here too, but SQ-Lite is
at the edge of the network and providing fast and reliable data services to applications which
would otherwise have a good connectivity.

Application file format

SQ-Lite is mostly used as the on-disk file format for desktop applications such as version
control systems, media cataloging and editing files. CAD packages, record keeping
programs, and so forth. The file/open operation calls sqlite3_open () to attach to the database
file. Files are updated automatically. The File/Save As menu option can be implemented
using the backup API.
The benefits to this approach are numerous. See the technical notes for further details.

Websites

SQ-Lite is being developed so it could work with websites which has low or medium traffic
(which is to say, most websites). Database consumption tells us that how SQ-Lite ought to
handle its traffic. Generally, site which gets fewer than 110K hits/day should work

22
perfectlywith SQ-Lite. The 110K hits/day figure is agod estimate, not as hard as it looks.
SQLite has been taught to work with 20 times that amount of traffic being handled.
The website of SQ-Lite which is “https://www.sqlite.org/” uses SQLite itself, and as of this
writing (2016) it handles about 500K to 900K HTTP requests per day, about 20-25% of
which are pages of dynamic complexity which are touching the database. Each page
dynamically does roughly 300 SQL statements. This setup runs on a single VM machine that
has a load and ought to share a server with 24 othersand keeps the load average below 0.02
most of the time.

Data analysis

People who are aware of SQL can feel free to use the sqlite3 command-line shell (or various
third-party SQLite access programs) to read large datasets. Raw data is to be imported from
CSV files, and then this data is modified to make a summary report. Complex analysis can be
done by using simple scripts written in Tcl or Python (both of which are SQ-Lite built-ins) or
in could be in any other languages with help of readily available adaptors. It includes website
log searching, sports analysis, metrics compilation, and analysis of experimental results.
Many bioinformatics team researchers use SQ-Lite in this way.

The same thing can be done with an enterprise client/server database, the main advantage of
SQ-Lite software is that it is very simple to install and easy to use.

Cache for enterprise data

SQ-Lite is used as a cache of similar content from an enterprise RDBMS. This helps in
reducing latency because most of the queries occur against the local cache and avoid a round-
trip for network. Helps in reduction of load to the servers and database. And in many cases, it
means that the client-side application can continue operating during network issues.

23
Server-side database

The success ratio of SQ-Lite as a data center running on data servers, or in other words, using
SQLite as the underlying storage engine for an application-specific database server.

The whole system is still client/server: clients send requests to the server and get back replies
over the network. Instead of sending generic SQL query and getting back raw table content,
the client requests and server responses are high-level and application-specific. The server
modifies the requests into multiple SQL queries, gathers the results, does post-processing,
filtering, and analysis, then constructs a high-level reply containing only the essential
information.

SQ-Lite is every timefaster than a client/server SQL database engine in this scenario.
Database requests are numbered by the server, so latency is not an issue. Latency can be
improved by "database shading": using different database files for different sub domains. For
example, the server might have a different SQ-Lite database for every different user, so that
the server can handle hundreds or thousands of simultaneous connections, but each SQ-Lite
database is only used by one and only one connection.

File archives

The SQ-Lite Archiveenlights how SQ-Lite can be used as a substitute for ZIP files or
Tarballs. A bundle of files stored in SQ-Lite is slightly larger, and in some cases very small,
than the equivalent ZIP archive. And of SQLite archive features incremental and atomic
updating and the ability to store much richer metadata.

SQ-Lite archives are useful as it is considered as a format for software or content updates that
is to be broadcast to many clients. A variation on this idea is used, for example, to transmit
TV programming guides to set-top boxes and to send over-the-air updates.

24
Replacement for ad hoc disk files

Substitution for these specially appointed information records Many projects utilize "fopen(),
fread(), and fwrite() "to structure and oversee documents of information in home-developed
arrangements. SQ-Lite works especially well.

Internal or temporary databases

For projects that have a ton of information that must be arranged in various ways, it is much
simple and speedy to stack the information into a memory of SQ-Lite database and utilize
questions with joins and request by statements to extricate the information in the shape and
request required instead of to endeavor to code similar tasks with the expense of work.
Utilizing SQL database inside along these lines additionally gives the program more
prominent adaptability sections and records can be added without to recoding each question.

Stand-in for an enterprise database during demos or testing

Customer applications ordinarily utilize a conventional database interface that enables

associations with different SQL database motors. It bodes well to incorporate SQ-Lite in the
blend of upheld databases and to statically connect the SQLite motor in with the customer.
That way the customer program can be utilized independent with a SQ-Lite information
document for testing or for exhibitions.

Education and Training

Since it is easy to setup and utilize (establishment is minor: simply duplicate the sqlite3 or
sqlite3.exe executable to the objective machine and run it) SQLite makes a decent database
motor for use in instructing SQL. Understudies can without much of a stretch make the
greatest number of databases as they like and can email databases to the educator for remarks
or reviewing. For further developed understudies who are keen on concentrate how a

25
RDBMS is actualized, the secluded and very much remarked and reported SQLite code can
fill in as a decent premise.

Experimental SQL language extensions

The basic, secluded structure of SQLite makes it a decent stage for prototyping new,
exploratory database dialect highlights or thoughts.

26
 Chapter 5

Benefits

5.1 Benefits of the Prison Management System

This organization has huge help for the jail organization and this framework is
encouraged to give and get truly right, exact, and opportune information and data
with no wastage of time and mistakes inclined records and registers of jail related
exercises. It gives a simple to-utilize and opportune conveyance of data. The
framework gives help with errand task and pivot, along these lines supplanting the
dull and tired manual process. It additionally expels substantial information section
and the board and encouraging characteristic information stream without pointless
reiteration of things. It has come about into decrease of printed material, cultivating
quick and proficient work forms with precision, and blunder free arrival of
information estimation.

It's computerization as well as entire robotization and a wise framework which

ascertains the sentences, discharge dates naturally and with no mistakes by human.
The new framework is effectively offering help to the change of the state jail
framework and towards current organization which looks far way better and
progressed and furthermore it helps in taking right choices at the correct time. It has
encouraged the procedure of more straightforwardness inside the framework through
the above depicted administrations.

The implementation of new rule by the Supreme Court has made this system the most
updated among all systems which look alike. Also, it addresses another problem of
complaint handling which has not been dealt with yet. The module “Complaint
Handling” makes the feedback process more effective, efficient and influenceable and
not just a mere formality.

27
 The module “Parole and Interview Handling” is also a new feature which will utilize
the meeting place of the inmates efficiently and provide each prisoner an equal
chance to meet their relatives/friends and also reduce the administration work of
allocating the premises and reduce the chance of error. Also, the parole handling will
check current unfair issue of paroles and delayed appeals do not take place.

5.2 Benefits of Using SQLite

Speed
o In many cases, 3-4 times quicker than MySQL/PostgreSQL
o Interfaces in PHP are fast
o No attachment as well as TCP/IP overhead

Functionality
o Exchange, Sub-chooses, Triggers, Views.
o Data storage up to 2.5tb.
o Memory Footprint.
o Independent: no outer conditions.
o Protection of data integrity.
o Flexible database.

Security
o Each database is completely independent.

28
 Chapter 6

Project Code

6.1.1Session Creation

This code starts a session whenever an admin login successfully and is always declared at the
top of the file.

<?php
session_start();
?>

6.1.2 Storing Session Data

After admin log-in successfully the post data of the form is retrieved and stored in the session
variables and the page is directed to the admin.php.

<?php
session_start();
$_SESSION["login"] =$_POST['user'];
$_SESSION["password"] =$_POST['pwd'];
header("location: admin.php");
?>

6.2 Admin Panel

This given code validates whether the admins credentials stored in the database is correct or
not using session variables that store admin username and password.

if($_SESSION["login"] =='admin'and$_SESSION["password"] =='hello123')

29
6.2.1 Form Validation

Validating a form through JavaScript and then connecting PHP for conforming if the ID is
taken or not.

<script>
functioncheck() {
var name =document.getElementById("name").value;
var id =document.getElementById("identity").value;
var age =document.getElementById("age").value;
var crime =document.getElementById("crime").value;
var duty =document.getElementById("duty").value;
varinouts=document.getElementById("inouts").value;
vardate=document.getElementById("date").value;
var photo =document.getElementById("photo").value;
var flag =0;

if(!/^[a-z A-Z]*$/.exec(name)) {
document.getElementById("nameError").innerHTML="*Only Characters
Allowed";
document.getElementById("nameError").style.display="inline-block";
flag =1;
}
elseif(name ==""){
document.getElementById("nameError").innerHTML="*Please Enter the Name";
document.getElementById("nameError").style.display="inline-block";
flag =1;
}
else
document.getElementById("nameError").style.display="none";

if(age <1|| age >100) {

30
 document.getElementById("ageError").innerHTML="*Age limit 1-100";
document.getElementById("ageError").style.display="inline-block";
flag =1;
}
else
document.getElementById("ageError").style.display="none";

if(!/^[a-z A-Z]*$/.exec(crime)) {
document.getElementById("crimeError").innerHTML="*Only Characters
Allowed";
document.getElementById("crimeError").style.display="inline-block";
flag =1;
}
elseif(crime ==""){
document.getElementById("crimeError").innerHTML="*Please Enter the crime";
document.getElementById("crimeError").style.display="inline-block";
flag =1;
}
else
document.getElementById("crimeError").style.display="none";

if(!/^[a-z A-Z]*$/.exec(duty)) {
document.getElementById("dutyError").innerHTML="*Only Characters Allowed";
document.getElementById("dutyError").style.display="inline-block";
flag =1;
}
elseif(duty ==""){
document.getElementById("dutyError").innerHTML="*Please Enter the duty";
document.getElementById("dutyError").style.display="inline-block";
flag =1;
}

31
else
document.getElementById("dutyError").style.display="none";

if(!/^[a-z A-Z]*$/.exec(inouts)) {
document.getElementById("inoutsError").innerHTML="*Only Characters
Allowed";
document.getElementById("inoutsError").style.display="inline-block";
flag =1;
}
elseif(inouts==""){
document.getElementById("inoutsError").innerHTML="*Please Enter the inouts";
document.getElementById("inoutsError").style.display="inline-block";
flag =1;
}
else
document.getElementById("inoutsError").style.display="none";

if(date=="") {
document.getElementById("dateError").innerHTML="*Please Enter the date";
document.getElementById("dateError").style.display="inline-block";
flag =1;
}
else
document.getElementById("dateError").style.display="none";

if(id =="") {
document.getElementById("idError").innerHTML="*Please Enter the id";
document.getElementById("idError").style.display="inline-block";
flag =1;
}

32
 <?php
$conn=mysqli_connect("localhost", "root" , ""
,"prison");
if(!$conn)
die("Connection failed: ".mysqli_connect_error());

$query="SELECT * FROM `data` ";

$result=mysqli_query($conn, $query) ordie(mysqli_error($conn));

while($row=mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)){

?>

else if (id == "<?phpecho$row['identity'] ?>") {

document.getElementById("idError").innerHTML = "*Id already taken";
document.getElementById("idError").style.display = "inline-block";
document.getElementById("idError").style.color = "red";
flag = 1;
}

<?php
}
?>

else if (id[0] != "#") {

document.getElementById("idError").innerHTML = "*Should start with #";
document.getElementById("idError").style.display = "inline-block";
flag = 1;
}

33
 else {
document.getElementById("idError").innerHTML = "*This ID can be used";
document.getElementById("idError").style.display = "inline-block";
document.getElementById("idError").style.color = "green";
}

if(photo == "") {
document.getElementById("photoError").innerHTML = "*Please select the photo";
document.getElementById("photoError").style.display = "inline-block";
flag = 1;
}
else
document.getElementById("photoError").style.display = "none";

if(flag == 1)
return false;
}
</script>

</html>

6.2.2 Saving Data in A Database

The given code connects the database using php and then store data accordingly.

<?php

$name=$_POST["name"];
$identity=$_POST["identity"];
$age=$_POST["age"];
$gender=$_POST["gender"];

34
// $photo = "../images/prisoners/" . $_POST["photo"];
$crime=$_POST["crime"];
$date=$_POST["date"];
$duty=$_POST["duty"];
$inout=$_POST["inouts"];
// uploading the photo
$target_dir="../images/prisoners/";
$target_file=$target_dir.basename($_FILES["photo"]["name"]);
move_uploaded_file($_FILES["photo"]["tmp_name"], $target_file);

$conn=mysqli_connect("localhost", "root" , "" ,"prison");

if(!$conn)
die("Connection failed: ".mysqli_connect_error());

$q="INSERT INTO `data`( `name`, `identity`, `age`, `gender`,`photo`, `crime`, `date`, `duty`,
`inouts`) VALUES
('$name','$identity','$age','$gender','$target_file','$crime','$date','$duty','$inout');";
if(mysqli_query($conn,$q))
{
?>
<div class="admin-incorrect">
<div class="container jumbotron text-center">
<p>Data Successfully Updated</p><br>
<p><span>Add More</span>
<span><button type="submit" class="btnbtn-
default"onclick="window.location.href='admin.php'">Go Back!</button>
</span></p>
</div>
</div>

35
6.3 Destroying Session

This code destroys the session variables used to store the admin credentials.

<?php
session_start();
if(session_destroy())
{
header("Location: ../html/admin.html");
}
?>

36
 Chapter 7

Results

Figure 7.1 shows the home page of the Prison Management System with all the details
provided about the project.

FIGURE-7.1

37
Figure 7.2 depicts the admin login page where an admin can login and update the
information regarding the prisoners about their information.

FIGURE-7.2

38
Figure 7.3 shows the admin login panel where the admin can add information about a prison
mate or can delete the information respectively.

FIGURE-7.3

39
Here the admin can delete the details of the prisoner.

FIGURE-7.4

This figure shows the whereabouts of the inmates and duties assigned to them.

FIGURE-7.5

40
Here the user can find the details of the prisoners by logging with the prison mates id and
respective password.

FIGURE-7.6

41
 CHAPTER 8

Scalability

Prison management system is very diverse kind of project which could be used in various
other prison systems across the country to ease the process of managing prisoners within the
prison premises. It is quite simple to handle and can be modified at any time of time or
whenever Supreme court releases any new law in context to prisoners and thus could be used
for a very long time without being behind to the changing technology. This project could be
scaled to an extent where all the activities of the prisoners could be controlled via computers.
This vision goes in hand to hand with the vision of our Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi,
i.e. “Digital India”.

42
 CHAPTER 9

CONCLUSION

So, till now we have done a great work in the field of Prison Management System and still
left with some work or some new invention in this field that we will going to do the next
semester and that is tracking the bailed prisoners so that jailers have the proper records
regarding the location of the prisoners and it would a nice move to track or to check the real
time location of the prisoners and it will increase the security of that state or region. So,
before starting a new work in this field, we have developed a great website in which we have
created a kind of portal in which it require a login of a jailor or the head of the department so
that jailer can put the entry of all the prisoner regarding their crime, release date etc. and even
jailer will put the duty time of the police men regarding their timings and duty area and even
police men will be assigning to control the group of prisoners to guide them and to assign
them a work and will collect the report regarding their work behaviour and will submit it to
the jailer and jailer will upgrade that it to the prisoners profile so that prisoners family
member will able to get in touch with all the data with the help of the particular login id
generated by the jailer.

So at last we would like to notify you that with the help of Prison management system, life of
police men will be eased in terms of maintaining a large documents file and with our website,
work will be faster and there would be less paper work.

43
References

List of Papers/Case Studies/Articles-

[1] Gevana Lynn Salinas, “Prison Management Models and the Texas Prison System” Texas
State University- San Marcos, Dept. Of Political Science,Public Administration Program,
Summer 2009.
[2] Rahul Singh, Sr. Consultant, KPMG,”Prison Management System for Arthur Road Jail”
2010.
[3] Paul Rock, London School of Economics, London, UK” Prison Life, Sociology of”,
volume 18, pp. 12055–12059, 2001.
[4] Osama Manzar, Social Entrepreneur,” Prison Management System (PRISMS) e-
Governance Project of the Govt. of Goa”, December 2012.
[5] Goffman, E., 1961. Asylums. Doubleday Anchor, Garden City, NY.
Irwin, J., Cressey, D., 1962. Thieves, convicts and the inmate culture. Social Problems
10, 145–155.
[6]Jacobs, J., 1977. Stateville: The Penitentiary in Mass Society. University of Chicago
Press, Chicago.
[7]Liebling, A., Hulley, S., Crewe, B., 2012. Conceptualizing and measuring the quality
of prison life. In: Gadd, David, Karstedt, Susanne, Messner, Steven F. (Eds.), The
Sage Handbook of Criminological Research Methods. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA,
pp. 358–372.
[8]Morris, T., Morris, P., 1966. Pentonville: A Sociological Study of an English Prison.
Routledge, London.
[9]Sykes, G., 1958. The Society of Captives. Princeton University Press,
Princeton, NJ.
[10]Sykes, G., 1958. The Society of Captives. Princeton University Press,
Princeton, NJ.
[11]Sparks, R., 1994. The Barlinnie Special Unit as prison and escape. Prison Service
Journal 95, 2–6.
[12]Ketchum, J., 1965. Ruhleben: A Prison Camp Society. Oxford University Press,
Oxford, UK.

44
Other References-

1. delhi.govt.in

2. wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihar_Jail

3. tihartj.nic.in

4. The wall street journal

5. ndtv.com/articles/india

6. https://www.djangoproject.com/

7. http://www.sqlite.org/

8. ipi.org.in/texts/nsip/nsip-full/tihar

9. dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews

45
46