1.

UNIT 3: INTRODUCTION TO
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE.
1. To Trace the History of the N.B.C National
2. To State the Primary Objectives of the Code Building
3. To Explain How the Building Code was Applied Code:
in India on A Micro Level
4. To List the Contents and the Detailed Contents
of The National Building Code.
5. To Understand Integrated Approach of the
National Building Code.
6. To List What is New in the N.B.C 2016
 37

Unit 3: Syllabus:
Introduction to National Building Code - ISI Codes and Standards, Limits and Tolerances.

3.a Preamble:
3.a.1 Need for Quality
• Assessment of Quality is always a formidable task.
• Be it a construction Material, or the Workmanship of skilled and unskilled labor in a
construction project, the Architect is required to assess and certify that the Quality is adequately
‘satisfactory’ and 'acceptable'.
• Such a judgment and assessment cannot be arbitrary and, as a result, often lead to arguments
and disputes.
• It is, therefore, necessary for some official Govt. body to establish and set the Standards of
Quality which can be legally and officially deemed to be fairly acceptable and satisfactory, within
‘tolerable’ limits.
• Every country sets its own Standards Of Quality

3.a.2 The I.I.E and Bureau Of Indian Standards

• The Institution of Engineers (India), prepared the first draft of the Constitution of an Institution
which would set the Indian National Standards of Quality.
• This led to the Ministry of Industries and Supplies issuing a memorandum on 3rd September
1946, formally announcing the setting of a Govt Organization called “Indian Standards
Institution” (ISI).The ISI was established on 06 Jan. 1947.
• Subsequently, the ISI was given the status of an official National Institution through an Act of
Parliament dated 26 Nov.1986, and The Bureau of Indian Standards came into existence on 1st
April, 1987.

3.a.3 Bureau Of Indian Standards:

• The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is a Body Corporate consisting of 25 members -
representing both, the Central Govt. and all State governments.
• Members of Parliament, Members from the Industry, Scientific and Research Institutions,
Consumer organizations and Professional bodies are Members.
• The Union Minister of Consumer Affairs is the President of the BIS, and, the Minister of State for
Consumer Affairs is the Vice-President of the BIS.
• Under the legal provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 2016, the Bureau establishes
the Indian Standard of Quality of every article or process.
• The Bureau also periodically amends, revises or, sometimes, even cancels the standards, so
established, IF necessary.
• This is done by a process of consultation involving consumers, manufacturers, Government and
regulatory bodies, technologists, scientists and testing laboratories through duly constituted
committees of professionals and experts.

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3.a.4 National Building Code:

With the objective of finding out areas of economies in construction costs, the Planning Commission
had set up a Panel of Experts in 1965 to study in depth the whole gamut of construction activities.
The outlay on construction works and particularly on building forms a very large portion of the
national investment. One of the facets of building construction, namely, controlling and regulating
buildings through municipal byelaws and departmental handbooks received the attention of the
Panel and a study of these regulatory practices revealed that some of the prevailing methods of
construction were outmoded; some designs were overburdened with safety factors and there were
other design criteria which, in the light of newer techniques and methodologies, could be
rationalized; and building byelaws and regulations of municipal bodies which largely regulate the
building activity in the country wherever they exist, were outdated. They did not cater to the use of
new building materials and the latest developments in building designs and construction techniques.
It also became clear that these codes and byelaws lacked uniformity and they were more often than
not 'specification oriented' and not 'performance oriented' thereby hindering the use of modern
techniques and also restricting the creative faculties of architects, engineers and structural
engineers.
The studies of the Panel led to the conclusion that a unified building code at the national level
should be formulated reflecting the latest trends in building construction activity. At the suggestion
of the Planning Commission, this task was taken up by the then Indian Standards Institution (now
Bureau of Indian Standards), and its Guiding Committee finalized the Code to and its Guiding serve
as guide to all governmental and private Committee finalized the Code to agencies controlling
building activities. In preparing the Code expertise was drawn upon from all over the country - the
central and state governments, local bodies, professional institutions and private agencies.

• In accordance with its given mandate, the Bureau of Indian Standards have set the Indian
Quality Standards for all products and processes, after thorough deliberations between experts,
and after scientific testing of materials and empirical testing of processes and procedures.
• With respect to Planning and Development of Urban Areas and Building Construction activities in
India, the Bureau has defined the processes and established the acceptable Quality Standards
by publication of THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA. (Commonly known as NBC)
• These Standards prescribed by the NBC form the basis for all Rules and Regulations adopted by
all the States in India and all the Union Territories -as an official guideline.
• The NBC, however, is not a mandatory or statutory guideline, but more of an official
recommendatory reference to be adopted.
• The earliest known written building code is included in the Code of Hammurabi, which dates
from circa 1772 BC.

• THE NATIONAL BUILDING

CODE OF INDIA (NBC) was first
published by the Bureau of Indian
Standards (BIS) in 1970.
• Three Revisions of the NBC
have been published so far. The

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first in 1983, second in 2005, and the latest third revision in 2016.
• The National Building Code is a Dynamic Document which is continuously under revision as per
the latest developments and trends in the construction field. A review of all codes and standards
is taken by the various Committees every year and the document is updated in preparation for
the next Revision.
• The original Code was published in Ten Volumes – each containing a different aspect of Design,
Planning and Construction Technology.
• The latest Revision of the NBC published in 2016 has Two Volumes – each volume containing Six
Sections covering the different aspects of construction.

Both Volumes of the National Building Code are available Online at:
https://www.standardsbis.in/Gemini/home/Home.action

3.a.5 Primary Objectives Achieved by National Building Code of India

1. Provision of Minimum Quality Standards for most materials and processes used in building
construction.

2. To serve as a Reference and Guideline for Local Municipal Authorities for the framework of
Development Control Rules and Bye-Laws.

3. To bring about Uniformity and Discipline in Design and Construction practices throughout India.

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4. To enable adoption of New Materials and Systems to update construction technology at par
with the World.

5. To curb Wastages of Materials and National Resources by prescribing optimum Standards of

Consumption.

6. To introduce measures and systems for the Safety and Welfare of Workers in the construction
industry.

7. To promote Sustainable Design and Green, Energy Efficient, Eco-friendly construction practices
in India.

8. To provide Disaster Management, Earthquake and Fire Resistant Design, Safety Norms and
Standards, & guidelines for Maintenance and upkeep of Buildings.

9. To establish “Acceptability” of Quality of Materials and Workmanship in construction to resolve

related disputes.

10. To establish “Good Practices” in all Construction and Development activities in the overall
National Interest.

3.a.6 In India, each municipality and urban development authority has its own building code,
which is mandatory for all construction within their jurisdiction.
• All these local building codes are variants of a National Building Code, which serves as model
code providing guidelines for regulating building construction activity.

• Standards for structure, placement, size, usage, wall assemblies, fenestration size/locations,
egress rules, size/location of rooms, foundations, floors assemblies, roof structures/assemblies,
energy efficiency, stairs and halls, mechanical, electrical, plumbing, site drainage & storage,
appliance, lighting, fixtures standards, occupancy rules and swimming pool regulations.
• Rules regarding parking and traffic impact.
• Fire code rules to minimize the risk of a fire and to ensure safe evacuation in the event of such
an emergency.
• Requirements for earthquake, hurricane, flood and tsunami resistance, especially in disaster
prone areas or for very large buildings where a failure would be catastrophic.

• Requirements for specific building uses.

• Energy provisions and consumption.
• Grandfathering provision: Unless the building is being renovated, the building code usually does
not apply to existing buildings.
• Allowable installation methodologies.
• Minimum and maximum room and exit sizes and location.

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3.a.7 Contents Of The National Building Code

Volume 1 – 2016 Edition [ 1226 Pages ] :
Part 0 - Integrated Approach
Part 1 – Definitions
Part 2 – Administration
Part 3 – D.C Rules & Gen Building Rules
Part 4 - Fire and Life Safety
Part 5 - Building Materials
Part 6 - Structural Design
 Sec (6)-1 - Loads, Forces And Effects
 Sec (6)-2 - Soils And Foundations
 Sec (6)-3 - (3a)-Timber And (3b)-Bamboo
 Sec (6)-4 - Masonry
 Sec (6)-5 - (5a)-Concrete - Plain & Reinforced, (5b)-Pre-stressed
 Sec (6)-6 – Steel
 Sec (6)-7 - (7a)-Prefabrication, (7b)-Systems Building And
Mixed / Composite Construction
 Sec (6)-8 - Glass And Glazing

Volume 2 – 2016 Edition [ 1026 Pages ] :

Part-7 - Construction Management, Practices and Safety.

Part-8 - Building Services

• Sec (8)-1: Lighting and Natural Ventilation
• Sec (8)-2: Electrical and Allied Installations
• Sec (8)-3: Air Conditioning, Heating and Mechanical Ventilation
• Sec (8)-4: Acoustics, Sound Insulation and Noise Control
• Sec (8)-5 – (5A)-Lifts, (5B)-Escalators and Moving Walks
• Sec (8)-6: Information and Communication Enabled Installations.

Part- 9 - Plumbing Services (Including Solid Waste Management)

• Sec(9)-1 Water Supply
• Sec(9)-2 Drainage and Sanitation
• Sec(9)-3 Solid Waste Management
• Sec(9)-4 Gas Supply

Part- 10 - Landscape, Signage, Outdoor Display Structures

• Sec(10)-1 Landscape Planning and Design
• Sec(10)-2 Signs and Outdoor Display Structures

Part-11 - Approach to Sustainability

Part-12 - Asset and Facility Management

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3.a.8 A more detailed view of the contents is as given below.

A-l PART 1 DEFINITIONS
It lists the terms appearing in all the Parts/Sections of the National Building Code of India. However,
some common definitions are reproduced in this Part also

A-2 PART 2 ADMINISTRATION

It covers the administrative aspects of the Code, such as applicability of the Code, organization of
building department for enforcement of the Code, procedure for obtaining development and
building permits, and responsibility of the owner and all professionals involved in the planning,
design and construction of the building.

A-3 PART 3 DEVELOPMENT CONTROL RULES AND GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

It covers the development control rules and general building requirements for proper planning and
design at the layout and building level to ensure health safety, public safety and desired quality of
life. It also covers requirements for accessibility in buildings and built environment for elders and
persons with disabilities.

A-4 PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY

It covers the requirements for fire prevention, life safety in relation to fire, and fire protection of
buildings. It also specifies occupancy-wise classification, constructional aspects, egress requirements
and protection features that are necessary to minimise danger to life and property from fire.

A-5 PART 5 BUILDING MATERIALS

It covers the requirements of building materials and components, and criteria for accepting new or
alternative building materials and components.

A-6 PART 6 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

This Part through its eight Sections provides for structural adequacy of buildings to deal with both
internal and external environment, and provides guidance to engineers/structural engineers for
varied usage of material/technology types for building design.
A-6.1 Section 1 Loads, Forces and Effects
It covers basic design loads to be assumed in the design of buildings. The imposed loads, wind loads,
seismic forces, snow loads and other loads, which are specified therein, are minimum working loads
which should be taken into consideration for purposes of design.
A-6.2 Section 2 Soils and Foundations
It covers geotechnical design (principles) of building foundations, such as shallow foundations, like,
continuous strip footings, combined footings, raft foundations, deep foundations like pile
foundations and other foundation systems to ensure safety and serviceability without exceeding the
permissible stresses of the materials of foundations and the bearing capacity of the supporting
soil/rock. It also covers provisions relating to preliminary work required for construction of
foundations and protection of excavation

A-6.3 Section 3 Timber and Bamboo

A-6.3.1 Section 3A Timber It covers the general principles involved in the design of structural timber
in buildings, including elements of structures connected together by fasteners/fastening techniques.

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A-6.3.2 Section 3B Bamboo

It covers the general principles involved in the design of structural bamboo in buildings with regard
to mechanical resistance and durability of structures. It also covers design of both bamboo (round
bamboo, split bamboo, glued laminated bamboo) and bamboo- based panels joined together with
adhesives or mechanical fasteners. It also covers minimum strength data, dimensional stability,
grading requirements and traditional bamboo joints for quality assurance. Constructional aspects
using bamboo, such as, work on site, fabrication of components off-site and their erection on site
are also covered to the extent necessary to indicate and ensure the quality of material and standard
of workmanship to comply with the assumptions of the design rules and the limitations.

A-6.4 Section 4 Masonry

It covers the structural design aspects of unreinforced load bearing and non-load bearing walls,
constructed with masonry units permitted therein. It also deals with the selection of materials,
special features of design and construction for masonry construction using rectangular masonry
units and covers guidelines regarding earthquake resistant buildings constructed using masonry of
low strength. It also covers provisions for design of reinforced brick and reinforced brick concrete
floors and roofs. It also gives the recommendations for structural design aspects of reinforced load
bearing and non-load bearing walls, constructed with different types of bricks and blocks.

A-6.5 Section 5 Concrete

A-6.5.1 Section 5A Plain and Reinforced Concrete
It covers the general structural use of plain and reinforced concrete.
A-6.5.2 Section 5B Pre-stressed Concrete
It covers the general structural use of pre-stressed concrete. It covers both work carried out on site
and the manufacture of precast pre-stressed concrete units.

A-6.6 Section 6 Steel

It covers the structural design aspects of steel structures in buildings. It applies to general
construction using hot rolled steel sections and steel tubes, joined using riveting, bolting and
welding.

A-6.7 Section 7 Prefabrication, Systems Building and Mixed/Composite Construction

A-6.7.1 Section 7A Prefabricated Concrete
It covers recommendations regarding modular planning, component sizes, prefabrication systems,
design considerations, joints and manufacture, storage, transport and erection of prefabricated
concrete elements for use in buildings and such related requirements for prefabricated concrete
A-6.7.2 Section 7B Systems Building and Mixed/ Composite Construction
It covers recommendations regarding modular planning, component sizes, joints, manufacture,
storage, transport and erection of prefabricated elements for use in buildings and such related
construction.

A-6.8 Section 8 Glass and Glazing

It covers the following: a) Selection and application of glass in buildings, different types of glass, their
requirements and associated glazing materials. b) Guiding provision for glazing in buildings with

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respect to their effect on energy, visual (light) and solar environments in the building. c) Selection of
glass in buildings, subject to wind loading, seismic loading and special considerations for fire rated
glass and related considerations for fire rated glass and related materials. d) Provisions for the
selection of and manifestation on glass used in buildings, subject to safety with respect to human
impact on the occupants e) Provisions relating to glazing systems such as selection, design,
fabrication, installation, testing and maintenance.

A-7 PART 7 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT, PRACTICES AND SAFETY

It covers construction project management; construction planning, site management and building
construction practices; storage, stacking and handling of materials; and safety of personnel during
construction operations for all elements of a building and demolition of buildings; and habitat and
welfare requirements for workers. It also covers guidelines relating to repairs, retrofitting and
strengthening of buildings.

A-8 PART 8 BUILDING SERV ICES

This Part through its six elaborate Sections on utilities provides detailed guidance to concerned
professionals/ utility engineers for meeting necessary functional requirements in buildings.
A-8.1 Section 1 Lighting and Natural Ventilation
It covers requirements and methods for lighting and natural ventilation of buildings.
A-8.2 Section 2 Electrical and Allied Installations
It covers the essential requirements for electrical installations in buildings to ensure efficient use of
electricity including safety from fire and shock. It also includes general requirements relating to
lightning protection of buildings and brief provisions on certain allied installations.
A-8.3 Section 3 Air Conditioning, Heating and Mechanical Ventilation.
It covers the planning, design considerations, installation, testing, commissioning and handing over
and also' operation and maintenance of air conditioning, heating and mechanical ventilation systems
for buildings. It also covers refrigeration for cold storages.
A-8.4 Section 4 Acoustics, Sound Insulation and Noise Control
It covers requirements and guidelines regarding planning against noise, acceptable noise levels and
the requirements for sound insulation in buildings with different occupancies.
A-8.5 Section 5 Installation of Lifts, Escalators and Moving Walks
A-8.5.1 Section 5A Lifts
It covers the requirements for planning, design, installation, operation, maintenance and inspection
of lifts (passenger lifts, goods lifts, hospital lifts, service lifts and dumb waiter) so as to ensure safe
movement of people with satisfactory performance It also gives information that should be
exchanged among the architect/engineer, the consulting engineer and the lift manufacturer from
the stage of planning to installation including maintenance
A-8.5.2 Section 5B Escalators and Moving Walks
It covers the essential requirements tor planning, installation, operation, maintenance and
inspection of escalators and moving walks so as to ensure safe movement of people with satisfactory
performance, while using these. It also gives information that should be exchanged among the
architect/engineer, the consulting engineer and the escalator/moving walk manufacturer from the
stage of planning to installation including maintenance.

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A-8.6 Section 6 Information and Communication Enabled Installations

It covers the essential requirements for information and communication enabled installations,
technology systems and related cabling installations in a building. It also covers the basic design and
integration requirements for telecommunication spaces within the building/buildings along with
their cabling infrastructure, their pathway components and passive connectivity hardware. It also
includes general requirements relating to installation of different communication equipment, cable
terminations, power connections and general guidelines required for planning and providing
information and communication technology (ICT) . Senders in the building at the planning and
execution stages. The provisions given herein are basic requirements applicable to all residential and
other buildings

A-9 PART 9 PLUMBING SERVICES (INCLUD ING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT)

This Part through its four Sections gives detailed guidance to concerned professionals/plumbing
requirements in buildings including solid waste engineers with regard to plumbing and other related
management.
A-9.1 Section 1 Water Supply
It covers the basic requirements of water supply for residential, business and other types of
buildings, including traffic terminal stations. It also deals with general requirements of plumbing
connected to public water supply and design of water supply systems along systems, and swimming
pools.
A-9.2 Section 2 Drainage and Sanitation
It covers the design, layout, construction and maintenance of drains or foul water, surface water,
subsoil water and sewage; together with all ancillary works, such as connections, manholes and
inspection chambers used within the building and from building to the connection to a public sewer,
private sewer, individual sewage-disposal system, cesspool, soak-away or to other approved point of
disposal/ treatment work.
A-9.3 Section 3 Solid Waste Management
It covers the provisions relating to solid waste management systems, assessment of per capita solid
waste quantities and treatment of solid waste quantities and treatment of solid waste within the
building, building complexes and their built environment.
A-9.4 Section 4 Gas Supply
It covers the requirements regarding the safety of persons and property for all piping uses and for all
types of gases for purposes like fuel, lighting and medical in buildings.

A 10 PART 10 LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT, SIGNS AND OUTDOOR DISPLAY STRUCTURES

A-10.1 Section 1 Landscape Planning, Design and Development
It covers requirements of landscape planning, design and development with the view to promoting
quality of outdoor built and natural environments and the protection of land and its resources.
A-10.2 Section 2 Signs and Outdoor Display Structures
It covers the requirements with regard to public safety, structural safety and fire safety of all signs
and outdoor display structures.

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A-11 PART 11 APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY

It covers the parameters required to be considered for planning, design, construction, operation and
maintenance of buildings and those relating to land development, from sustainability point of view.
It is a supplement to all other Parts/Sections of the Code and shall be read along with them.

A-12 PART 12 ASSET AND FACILITY MANAGEMENT

It covers provisions relating to management of building assets and associated facilities and includes
various aspects relating to maintenance of all types of facilities and fixed assets, such as buildings
and building services. It does not cover assets other than physical assets.

3.a.9 A0 - INTEGRATED APPROACH TO THE APPLICATION OF NATIONAL BUILDING CODE

 PART- 0 in Volume-1 of the National Building Code of India deals with a guideline for an
INTEGRATED approach and application of all the provisions of the National Building Code.
This part recognizes the need for a TEAM APPROACH to Building Design, Construction
management, Operations and Maintenance
 The purpose and essence of this Section which has been included in the latest Edition of the
National Building Code is that, Building Construction today, is no longer the domain of an
individual Architect or Developer with respect to adoption of standards of quality and safety.
A TEAMWORK approach is now necessary to manage construction.
 As a result of the growing magnitude and complexity of projects, a TEAM of specialist
consultants and experts in different aspects of the construction project are necessary now to
achieve a successful completion. The stakeholders TEAM of qualified and experienced
professionals in various fields required today include
1. The Architect – as Principal Designer / Co-coordinator
2. Civil Engineer ( Contractor )
3. Structural Engineer
4. Geo-technical Engineer
5. Electrical Engineer
6. Plumbing & Sanitation Engineer
7. Fire protection engineer;
8. HVAC Engineer;
9. Mechanical Engineer for Lift , Escalators
10. Acoustics specialist;
11. InfoTech / communications technology Engineer;
12. Health, Safety and Environment specialist;
13. Environment / Sustainability specialist;
14. Town Planner;
15. Urban Designer;

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16. Landscape Architect;

17. Security system specialist;
18. Interior Designer;
19. Quantity Surveyor;
20. Project Management Consultant / Construction manager;
21. Accessibility & Universal design expert
22. Asset / Facility Maintenance Manager; and
23. Other subject specialist(s) - as may be required.

3.a.10The salient features of the revised NBC

The salient features of the revised NBC include, apart from the other changes made, the changes
specially in regard to further enhancing our response to meet the challenges posed by natural
calamities. The major changes incorporated in this third revision of the Code are as follows:
• Provisions for association of need based professionals and agencies have been updated to
ensure proper discharge of responsibilities for accomplishment of building project.
• With a view to ensuring ease of doing business in built environment sector, a detailed provision
for streamlining the approval process in respect of different agencies has been incorporated in
the form of an integrated approval process through single window approach for enabling
expeditious approval process, avoiding separate clearances from various authorities.
• Further, with a view to meeting the above objective, the provision on computerization of
approval process has been detailed, enabling online submission of plans, drawings and other
details, and sanction thereof, aiding in speedier approval process.
• The mechanism of ensuring certification of structural safety of buildings by the competent
professional and peer review of design of buildings have been further strengthened.
• Requirements for accessibility in buildings and built environment for persons with disabilities
and the elderly have been thoroughly revised and updated.
• Provisions on fire and life safety have been thoroughly revised to meet the challenges of modern
complex building types including the high rises.
• Latest structural loading and design and construction codes including those relating to wind
load, earthquake resistant design of buildings, steel design and foundations have been
incorporated with a view to ensuring structural safety of buildings including against a disaster.
• Provisions relating to all building and plumbing services have been updated keeping also in view
the latest international practices as related to the country.
• Provisions have been updated to ensure utilization of number of new/alternative building
materials and technologies to provide for innovation in the field of building construction.
• Construction management guidelines have been incorporated to aid in timely completion of
building projects with desired quality in a safe manner within the budgeted cost.
• Guidance has been provided for making buildings and built environment energy efficient and
environmentally compatible, through the newly introduced and updated chapter on
sustainability, namely Part 11 'Approach to Sustainability'
• New chapters have been added on structural use of glass; escalators and moving walks;
information and communication enabled installations; solid waste management; and asset and
facility management.

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.
3.a.11Theory Questions:
1. Explain how the Bureau of Indian Standards come into existence and the circumstances
leading to publication of National Building Code
2. What are the Primary Objectives Achieved by National Building Code of India?
3. List the Contents Of The National Building Code?
4. Explain the Integrated approach as explained in the national building code.
5. Explain The salient features of the revised NBC of 2016 Edition

Unit 3 Introduction to National Building Code Compiled by Ar. Rajiv Raje @ Ar. Arthur Cutinho