4

page 49
Appearances
Words and phrases

4.1  taken in /teIk@n "In/ (phr v) pp of

4.9   make /meIk/ (n) name of a
machine, piece of equipment, etc.
that is made by a particular company
4.17   go to your head /g@U t@ jO: "hed/
(phr) make you feel too proud of
yourself in a way that other people find
take in annoying w Don’t let your recent success
4.10   persistent /p@"sIst@nt/ (adj)
See Phrasal verbs go to your head. You need to work much
determined to do sth in spite of
harder to make it to the Olympics.
4.2  con /kQn/ (v) trick sb, especially difficulties w Jason is very persistent
in order to get money from them – he won’t stop working at a problem, 4.18   sane /seIn/ (adj) sensible and
or persuade them to do sth w The however long it takes, until he has reasonable ➤ (in)sanity (n)
salesman conned the old lady into solved it. ➤ persistence (n), persist
4.19  trip /trIp/ (v) catch your foot on
buying a camera for a very high price. (v), persistently (adv)
sth and fall or almost fall w Can you
➤ con (n), conman (n)
4.11   inspiration /InspI"reISn/ (n) please put your toys away, children?
4.3  vote /v@Ut/ (v) a formal choice w The natural world has always been Someone might trip over them.  We
that you make in an election or at an inspiration to poets. ➤ inspire (v), usually say trip over sth.
a meeting in order to choose sb or inspirational (adj)
4.20  fall flat on one’s face /fO:l fl&t Qn
decide sth w In Greece people vote for
4.12   tenner /"ten@(r)/ (n) a ten- wVnz "feIs/ (phr) to fall so that you
a new government every four years.
pound note are lying on your front
➤ vote (n), voter (n)
4.13   harsh /hA:S/ (adj) too strong 4.21  freely /"fri:li/ (adv) without anyone
4.4  put (sb) off /pVt "Qf/ (phr v)
and bright; ugly or unpleasant to look trying to prevent or control sth w Our
See Phrasal verbs
at w Harsh colours such as electric teacher never criticises us so we can all
blue or bright orange don’t suit me at express our opinions freely. ➤ freedom
page 50 Listening all. ➤ harshness (n), harshly (adv)
4.14   posh /pQS/ (adj) elegant and
(n), free (adj, adv, v)  The adverb
free means without paying.
4.5  the pros and cons /D@ pr@Uz @n
expensive 4.22  lately /"leItli/ (adv) recently, in
"kQnz/ (phr) the advantages and
the recent past w I haven’t seen Clare
disadvantages of sth 4.15   prejudice (against)
lately. Perhaps she’s gone away on
/"predZudIs/ (n) an unreasonable
4.6   trendy /"trendi/ (adj) very holiday.  Do not confuse lately with
dislike of or preference for a person,
fashionable w Long skirts are very the adverb late which means after the
group, etc., especially when it is based
trendy this winter, they’re in all the expected, arranged or usual time.
on their race, religion, sex, etc.
shops. ➤ trend (n), trendily (adv)
w There’s still a lot of prejudice against 4.23  widely /"waIdli/ (adv) by a lot of
4.7   row /raU/ (n) noisy argument women in the army – men think people, in or to many places w Disney
between two or more people w My they’re not suited to such a profession. cartoons are now widely accepted
sons have such terrible rows over what ➤ prejudice (v), prejudiced (adj) as the best of their kind.  Do not
TV programmes they’re going to watch confuse widely with the adverb wide
4.16   downside /"daUnsaId/ (n) the
that I don’t let them watch anything. which means measuring a lot from
disadvantages or less positive aspects
➤ row (v) one side to the other.
of sth w Being a nurse and helping
4.8   flatly /"fl&tli/ (adv) Here: people is wonderful, but the downside 4.24  resign /rI"zaIn/ (v) officially tell
completely, absolutely, Also: without is the long working hours. sb that you are leaving your job, an
interest or emotion w We begged her organisation, etc. w The minister had
to help but she flatly refused. no choice but to resign after it was
discovered that he was involved in the
scandal. ➤ resignation (n)

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4.25  edge /eÙ/ (n) the outside limit of sth 4.35  surplus /"s3:pl@s/ (n) an amount 4.45  impose (on) /Im"p@Uz/ (v) force
w As I bent down to pick up my keys, I that is extra or more than you need sb to have to deal with sth that is
hit my head on the edge of the table. difficult or unpleasant w The new
4.36  remnant /"remn@nt/ (n) a part
examination system imposes even more
4.26  cliff /klIf/ (n) high area of rock of sth that is left after the other parts
pressure on hard-working students.
with a very steep side, often at the have been used, removed, destroyed,
➤ imposition (n)
edge of the sea or ocean etc. w These old public baths are
remnants of a time when people did 4.46  keep on the right side of sb /ki:p
4.27  sleep rough /sli:p "rVf/ (phr) sleep
not have running water at home. Qn D@ "raIt saId @v/ (phr) do nothing
outdoors, usually because you have
 Most often used in the plural. to annoy sb or make sb dislike you
no home or money  Rough means
unpleasant or harsh but roughly 4.37  attire /@"taI@(r)/ (n) clothes 4.47  count /kaUnt/ (v) Here: be
means approximately but not exactly.  The word attire is very formal. important w Don’t worry about winning
the race – taking part is what counts.
4.38  portion /"pO:Sn/ (n) one part of sth
page 51 Vocabulary larger w You must keep the top portion
of your ticket and give the inspector
4.48  smart /smA:t/ (adj) looking clean
and neat; well dressed in fashionable
4.28  rubber /"rVb@(r)/ (n) a strong the bottom one. and/or formal clothes w If you want to
substance that can be stretched and be well-dressed at work, a smart suit is
always a good solution. ➤ smartly (adv)
Grammar
doesn’t allow liquids to pass through
it, used for making tyres, boots, etc. page 52
4.49  hold-up /"h@UldVp/ (n) delay
4.29  manufacture /m&nju"f&kÍ@(r)/
(v) make or produce goods in large
and practice 4.50  thoroughly /"TVr@li/ (adv) with
4.39  obligation /QblI"geISn/ (n) the great attention to detail w Even
quantities, using machinery
state of being forced to do sth because though she searched the house
w Boeing manufactures jet engines for
it is your duty, or because of a law, thoroughly, she couldn’t find her ring.
most airline companies in the world.
etc. w Don’t you think we have a ➤ thorough (adj)
➤ manufacture (n), manufacturer
(n), manufacturing (n) moral obligation to help the poor? 4.51  CV /si: "vi:/ (n) a written record
➤ oblige (v), obligatory (adj) of your education and employment
4.30  innovation /In@"veISn/ (n) a new
4.40  necessity /n@"ses@ti/ (n) the need that you send when you are applying
idea that has been introduced or
for sth w Borrowing money from her for a job
discovered, the introduction of new
things, ideas or ways of doing sth boyfriend became a necessity after she 4.52  chart /ÍA:t/ (n) a page or sheet of
w Innovation, the search for new and overspent on her credit cards. ➤ need information in the form of diagrams,
exciting ideas, is the key to success in (n), need (v), (un)necessary (adj), lists of figures, etc.
today’s fast-moving world. ➤ innovator (un)necessarily (adv), necessitate (v)
 The word necessity is more formal 4.53  hotly /"hQtli/ (adv) done in an
(n), innovate (v), innovative (adj) angry or excited way or with a lot of
than need.
4.31  ambassador /&m"b&s@d@(r)/ (n) strong feeling w The allegations of
an official who lives in a foreign 4.41  absence /"&bs@ns/ (n) the fact wrongdoing were hotly denied.
country as the senior representative of sb/sth not existing or not being
available w What was the reason for 4.54  debate /dI"beIt/ (v) discuss sth,
there of his or her own country esp. formally, before making a
your absence from class yesterday,
4.32  patch /p&Í/ (n) a piece of Adrian? ➤ absent (adj), absentee (n) decision or finding a solution
material that you sew onto clothes, 4.55  lay down /leI "daUn/ (phr v)
etc. as a decoration 4.42  stand a chance /st&nd @ "ÍA:ns/
(phr) have the possibility of See Phrasal verbs
4.33  shift /SIft/ (v) move from one succeeding or achieving sth 4.56  consist of /k@n"sIst @v/ (phr v)
position or place to another w The See Phrasal verbs
boy’s leg hurt, and he kept shifting his 4.43  prohibition /pr@UI"bISn/ (n)
weight to the other one. the act of stopping sth being done 4.57  tape measure /"teIp meZ@(r)/ (n) a
or used, especially by law w Almost long narrow strip of plastic, fabric or
4.34  proportion /pr@"pO:Sn/ (n) part or all airlines have now decided on the metal that has measurements marked
share of a whole, percentage w As a prohibition of smoking during flights. on it and is used for measuring the
proportion of the whole population, ➤ prohibit (v), prohibitive (adj), length of sth
the number of young people who go prohibitively (adv)
on to university after school is really
very small. ➤ proportional (adj), 4.44  authority /O:"TQr2@ti/ (n) the power
proportionally (adv) or right to do sth ➤ authorise (v)

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4.58  bend the rules /bend D@ "ru:lz/ 4.68  daring /"de@rIN/ (adj) brave, 4.79  fake /feIk/ (adj) not genuine,
(idm) not follow rules the way they willing to do dangerous or unusual appearing to be sth it is not w She
are supposed to be followed w We things ➤ dare (n, v), daringly (adv) bought a fake fur coat. She didn’t
might be guilty of slightly bending the buy a real one because she is against
4.69  retired /rI"taI@d/ (adj) having
rules, but it was for a good cause. cruelty to animals. ➤ fake (n), fake (v)
stopped doing your job, especially
4.59  urban /"3:b@n/ (adj) connected because you have reached a particular 4.80  foolproof /"fu:lpru:f/ (adj) (of
with a town or city age or because you are sick a plan, machine, etc.) very well
➤ retirement (n), retire (v) designed and easy to use so that it
cannot fail and you cannot use it
page 54 Exam 4.70  dreadful /"dredfl/ (adj) very bad or
unpleasant ➤ dread (n, v),
wrongly w This recipe is foolproof – it’s

techniques dreadfully (adv)

perfect every time.
4.81  snippet /"snIpIt/ (n) a small piece
4.60  eliminate /I"lImIneIt/ (v) remove 4.71  impeccable /Im"pek@bl/ (adj)
of (information, news, etc.) w Some
or get rid of sth/sb w Oliver proved without mistakes or faults, perfect
journalists make up whole articles
that he had been at home with his w Her work as a secretary is impeccable
based on snippets of gossip.
wife on the night of the robbery so the – we’ve never had anyone as good as
police have eliminated him from their she is. ➤ impeccably (adv) 4.82  discard /dIs"kA:d/ (v) get rid of sth
list of suspects. ➤ elimination (n) that you no longer want or need w We
4.72  reputation /repju"teISn/ (n) the
must clear out the attic, there must be
4.61  identity /aI"dent@ti/ (n) who or opinion that people have about what
thousands of discarded magazines up
what sb/sth is w Children begin to sb/sth is like, based on what has
there.
develop their own identity as they happened in the past w Our school
separate from their parents. has a reputation for getting very good 4.83  bin /bIn/ (n) a container that you
exam results and a lot of parents put waste in
4.62  deceptive /dI"septIv/ (adj) likely to choose to send their children here.
make you believe sth that is not true 4.84  survey /"s3:veI/ (n) w The survey
➤ (dis)reputable (adj)  We say
w All those deceptive advertisements into the eating habits of young people
reputation for/as sth.
for cheap bank loans make me angry. showed that Greek children eat too
They always cost a fortune in the 4.73  solely /"s@Uli/ (adv) only w He’s much sugar. ➤ survey (v)
end! ➤ deception (n), deceive (v), an only child, so when his father died,
4.85  invoice /"InvOIs/ (n) a list of goods
deceptively (adv) he became solely responsible for the
that have been sold, work that has been
family firm.
4.63  pose (as sb) /p@Uz/ (v) pretend to done etc., showing what you must pay
be sb in order to deceive other people 4.74  conman /"kQnm&n/ (n) a man who
4.86  dishonest /dIs"QnIst/ (adj)
w The thief entered my uncle’s house tricks others into giving him money, etc.
intending to deceive people w You
by posing as a salesman. 4.75  impersonation /Imp3:s@"neISn/ (n) can’t trust Josh. He is dishonest and
4.64  surgeon /"s3:dZ@n/ (n) doctor the act of pretending to be sb in order frequently tells lies. ➤ (dis)honesty
who is trained to perform medical to deceive people or to entertain them (n), honest (adj), (dis)honestly (adv)
operations in a hospital ➤ surgery (n) 4.76  drug trafficking /"drVg tr&fIkIN/ 4.87  establish /I"st&blIS/ (v) discover or
4.65  amiable /"eImi@bl (adj) pleasant, (n) buying and selling drugs illegally prove the facts of a situation
friendly and easy to like w The new ➤ establishment (n), established (adj)
4.77  money laundering /"mVni lO:nd@
student seems quite amiable and rIN/ (n) moving money that has been 4.88  disturbing /dI"st3:bIN/ (adj)
friendly, don’t you think? obtained illegally into foreign bank making you feel anxious and upset or
4.66  crook /krUk/ (n) a dishonest accounts or legal businesses so that it shocked w I think the most disturbing
person w He has no moral values is difficult for people to know where experience I’ve ever had is when I
and would deceive anyone if it meant the money came from started receiving these threatening
making money out of it. To put it phone calls. ➤ disturbance (n),
4.78  benefit fraud /"benIfIt frO:d/ (n)
plainly, he’s a crook! disturb (v)
dishonestly obtaining money from
4.67  fraudster /"frO:dst@(r)/ (n) sb the government which is provided 4.89  current /"kVr@nt/ (adj) happening
who deceives others in order to get for people who need financial help now, of the present time ➤ currently
money or goods illegally ➤ fraud (n), because they are unemployed, sick, etc. (adv)
fraudulent (adj), fraudulently (adv)

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 Phrasal verbs lie around spend time doing nothing and being lazy
w He’s so lazy – he just lies around doing nothing all day.
break into be successful when you get involved in sth put (sb) off make sb dislike sb/sth or not trust them/it
w Our company is now thinking of breaking into the w Seeing how hard my cousin has to work in the kitchen has
Australian market. put me off the idea of becoming a chef.
consist of be formed from the things or people mentioned take in make sb believe sth that is not true w I thought
w This PC consists of the main tower, a monitor, a keyboard that was a gold watch, but in fact I’d been taken in – it was
and a mouse. absolutely worthless.
lay down (of a rule or a principle) state officially that people wipe out destroy or remove sb/sth completely w When the
must obey it or use it w I’d much rather discuss things with fire wiped out the whole village, its inhabitants had to find
my children than lay down rules they have to obey. new homes.

4.90  corrupt /k@"rVpt/ (adj) (of people)

willing to use their power to do
4.97  illusion /I"lu:Zn/ (n) sth that seems
to exist or happen but in fact does not
page 58 Writing
dishonest or illegal things in return 4.104  council /"kaUnsl/ (n) group of
4.98  two-dimensional (from page 161)
for money or to get an advantage people who are elected to govern an
/tu:daI"menSnl/ (adj) flat, having no
➤ corrupt (v), corruptly (adv), area such as a city or county
depth
corruption (n) w Parking permits for the city centre
4.99  depict (from page 161) /dI"pIkt/ are only issued by the city council.
4.91  precaution /prI"kO:Sn/ (n) sth that
(v) show an image of sb/sth in a
is done in advance in order to prevent 4.105  update /Vp"deIt/ (v) make sth
picture w This painting depicts the
problems or to avoid danger w As a more modern ➤ up-to-date (adj),
artist as a child in his mother’s arms.
safety precaution, we have installed fire update (n)
➤ depiction (n)
extinguishers in all rooms of the college.
4.106  recommend /rek@"mend/ (v)

page 56 Vocabulary page 57 Speaking advise a particular course of action

w Can you recommend a good Italian
4.100   scenery /"si:n@ri/ (n) the restaurant for my dad’s birthday?
4.92  shrug /SrVg/ (v) raise your ➤ recommendation (n)
natural features of an area, such as
shoulders and then lower them to
mountains, valleys, rivers and forests, 4.107  publicity /pVb"lIs@ti/ (n) the
show that you do not know or care
when you are thinking about them things that are done to attract the
about sth w I wasn’t wearing my watch,
being attractive to look at w The scenery attention of the public w After Prince
so when she asked me the time I just
on the island of Santorini, with the William visited our school it received
shrugged my shoulders. ➤ shrug (n)
cliffs rising hundreds of metres above a lot of publicity – there were articles
4.93  stub /stVb/ (v) hurt your toe by the sea, is spectacular! in the newspapers as well as reports on
accidentally hitting it against sth hard the TV and radio. ➤ publicise (v)
4.101  fluency /"flu:@nsi/ (n) the quality of
w I stubbed my toe on the edge of the
being able to speak or write a language, 4.108  youth hostel /"ju:T hQstl/ (n)
step and now it really hurts!
especially a foreign language, easily and a building that provides cheap
4.94  crawl /krO:l/ (v) move forward on well ➤ fluent (adj), fluently (adv) accommodation and meals, especially
your hands and knees, with your body to young people who are travelling
4.102  assess /@"ses/ (v) make a
close to the ground w Most babies
judgement about the nature or quality 4.109  approach /@"pr@UtS/ (n) path,
learn to crawl before they can walk.
of sb/sth w Examinations shouldn’t road, etc. that leads to a place w The
4.95  gaze /geIz/ (v) look steadily at sb/ be the only way of assessing students’ approach to the old castle was blocked
sth for a long time w We just sat there, progress. ➤ assessment (n) by a large tree which had been blown
saying nothing and gazing at the
4.103  concrete jungle /kQNkri:t down in the storm. ➤ approach (v),
sunset. ➤ gaze (n)
"ÙVNgl/ (n) way of describing a city (un)approachable (adj)
4.96  notice /"n@UtIs/ (v) pay attention or an area that is unpleasant because 4.110  light /laIt/ (adj) full of light,
to sb/sth w Did you notice Marian’s it has many large modern buildings having the natural light of day
new dress? It’s fantastic! ➤ notice (n), and no trees or parks
noticeable (adj), noticeably (adv)

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4.111  spacious /"speIS@s/ (adj) large 4.120  policy /"pQl@si/ (n) a plan of 4.130   left to their own devices /left
and with plenty of space for people action agreed or chosen by a political t@ De@r @Un dI"vaIsIz/ (phr) left alone
to move around in ➤ space (n), party, a business, etc. w The school to do as they wish, and not told what
spaciously (adv) has a firm policy on vandalism, and to do w Unfortunately my children
anyone caught in the act is expelled. tend to argue a lot when they’re left to
4.112  aid /eId/ (n) Here: an object, a
their own devices.
machine, a tool, etc. that you use to 4.121  senior /"si:ni@(r)/ (adj) higher in
help you do sth, Also: assistance rank or status than others w After just 4.131   principal /"prIns@pl/ (n) the
➤ aid (v) a few years in the firm, Mandy was person who is in charge of a school or
promoted to manager, which annoyed a college
4.113  up to date /Vp t@ "deIt/ (phr)
some of the other senior staff.
having or including the most recent
➤ seniority (n)
information
4.122   strict /strIkt/ (adj) that must
page 22 Vocabulary
be obeyed exactly ➤ strictness (n),
Overview
4.132  exploit /Ik"splOIt/ (v) Here: use
page 60 strictly (adv) sth well in order to gain as much from
it as possible, Also: treat a person or
4.114  proposal /pr@"p@Uzl/ (n) formal 4.123   discipline /"dIs@plIn/ (n) the
situation as an opportunity to gain an
suggestion or plan ➤ propose (v), practice of training people to obey
advantage for yourself w If you go to
proposition (n) rules and orders and punishing them
England on holiday then you should
if they do not ➤ discipline (v), (un)
4.115  point of view /pOInt @v "vju:/ (n) exploit the opportunity to practise your
disciplined (adj), disciplinary (adv)
the particular attitude or opinion that English as much as you can.
sb has about sth w I’m surprised Janet 4.124   pride /praId/ (n) the feeling ➤ exploitation (n), exploitative (adj)
didn’t like Harrison Ford’s new film. of respect that you have for yourself
From my point of view, it was one of w His pride was certainly hurt when he
his best films ever! lost his job, but he soon recovered his
self-confidence when he found a new
page 23 Grammar
4.133  border /"bO:d@(r)/ (n) the line

Workbook
one.
that divides two countries or areas
4.125   premises /"premIsIz/ (n pl)
4.134  compulsory /k@m"pVls@ri/ (adj)
the building and land near to it that a
that must be done because of a law or
page 22 Listening business owns or uses
4.126   exclude /Iks"klu:d/ (v) prevent
a rule w The questions in Part 1 of the
test are compulsory, but in Part 2 you
4.116  prior (to) /"praI@(r)/ (adj) sb/sth from entering a place or taking can choose which questions to answer.
happening before sth else, previous part in sth w It’s unbelievable but women
w I’m sorry I can’t come with you to the 4.135  spectator /spek"teIt@(r)/ (n) a
are still excluded from certain clubs, even
cinema as I have a prior engagement. person who is watching an event,
though their husbands are members!
➤ priority (n), prioritise (v) especially a sports event w At the end
➤ exclusion (n), excluding (prep),
of the match, the police ensured that
4.117  gang /g&N/ (n) a group of young exclusive (adj), exclusively (adv)
the spectators all left the stadium
people who spend a lot of time 4.127   constant /"kQnst@nt/ (adj) safely. ➤ spectacle (n), spectacular
together and often cause trouble or happening all the time or repeatedly (adj), spectacularly (adv)
fight against other groups w Young children need constant
4.136  block /blQk/ (v) stop sth from
4.118  aim /eIm/ (n) the purpose of attention so that they don’t fall or hurt
moving through a pipe, a passage, a
doing sth w The old man’s aim was to themselves. ➤ constantly (adv)
road, etc. w Do you mind moving your
burn the dead leaves in his yard, but 4.128   wipe out /waIp "aUt/ (phr v) car? It’s blocking the garage entrance.
the wind got up and he started a big See Phrasal verbs
fire instead! ➤ aim (v), aimless (adj), 4.137  casually /"k&Zu@li/ (adv) in
aimlessly (adv) 4.129   get the most of /get D@ "m@ comfortable clothes that you choose
Ust @v/ (phr) gain as much advantage, to wear in your free time w Do you
4.119  in favour of /in "feIv@r @v/ (idm) enjoyment, etc. as you can from sb/ think it’s appropriate to go to work
if you are in favour of sb/sth, you sth w This is Ken’s first job, so he’s in jeans? Do your colleagues dress as
support and agree with them/it trying to get the most of it and gain casually as this? ➤ casual (adj)
w Most public university students are valuable experience.
not in favour of private universities,
and often demonstrate against them.

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page 24 Reading 4.148  embroider /Im"brOId@(r)/ (v)
decorate fabric with a pattern of
4.159  artistry /"A:tIstri/ (n) the skill of
an artist
4.138  judge /ÙVÙ/ (n) Here: a stitches usually using coloured thread
4.160  visual /"vIZu@l/ (adj) of or
person who decides who has won a ➤ embroidery (n)
connected with seeing or sight
competition, Also: a person in a court 4.149  status /"steIt@s/ (n) high rank or ➤ vision (n), visually (adv)
of law who has the authority to decide social position w Many young people
how criminals should be punished 4.161  sheer /SI@(r)/ (adj) used to
want to become doctors hoping they’ll
➤ judgement (n) emphasize the size, degree or amount
gain status and a high income.
of sth w The sheer size of the Empire
4.139  matter /"m&t@(r)/ (v) be 4.150  tan /t&n/ (n) the brown colour State Building in New York City
important or have an important effect that sb with pale skin goes as a result makes it unforgettable.  Only used
on sb/sth w It doesn’t matter which of spending time in the sun before a noun.
colour you choose, I like both.
4.151  wig /wIg/ (n) a piece of artificial 4.162  legitimate /lI"ÙItIm@t/ (adj) for
4.140  honour /"Qn@(r)/ (n) sth that hair worn to cover sb’s own hair or to which there is a fair and acceptable
you are very pleased or proud to do hide the fact that they are bald reason w Wanting to know why
because people are showing you great you have been dismissed from a job
respect w It’s an honour for me to be 4.152  perceive /p@"si:v/ (v) understand
is certainly a legitimate question,
invited to open this exhibition. or think of sth in a particular way w
don’t you think? ➤ legitimacy (n),
➤ honour (v), honorable (adj) Children are frequently perceived as
legitimately (adv)
being too immature to comprehend
4.141  uniqueness /ju"ni:kn@s/ (n) the the adult world but in fact they
state of being the only one of its kind
w The film is about the uniqueness
understand a lot more than you think.
➤ perception (n), perceptive (adj),
page 26 Writing
of this particular man and his very (im)perceptible (adv) 4.163  investigate /In"vestIgeIt/ (v)
unusual lifestyle. ➤ unique (adj), find out information and facts
uniquely (adv) 4.153  imperfection /Imp@"fekSn/ (n)
about a subject ➤ investigation (n),
a fault or weakness in sb/sth w In a
4.142  sportsmanship /"spO:tsm@ investigator (n)
relationship, you have to put up with
nSIp/ (n) fair, generous and polite your partner’s imperfections. 4.164  out of order /aUt @v "O:d@(r)/
behaviour, especially when playing a ➤ perfection (n), perfect (v), (im) (phr) not acceptable w You shouldn’t
sport or game perfect (adj), (im)perfectly (adv) have taken his Gameboy without even
4.143  award /@"wO:d/ (v) make an asking him. That was completely out
4.154  cut-throat /"kVtTr@Ut/ (adj) (of an
official decision to give sth to sb as of order.
activity) in which people compete with
a payment, prize, etc. w Jenny was each other in aggressive and unfair 4.165  litter /"lIt@(r)/ (n) small pieces
awarded first prize in the painting ways w He moved to the country to of rubbish such as paper, cans and
competition. ➤ award (n) live peacefully – far away from the cut- bottles, that people have left lying in
4.144  elaborate /I"l&b@r@t/ (adj) very throat world of international business. a public place w At the end of the day
complicated and detailed, carefully the school playground is covered with
4.155  ruin /"ru:In/ (v) damage sth so
prepared and organised w Grandma litter – old coke cans, crisp packets and
badly that it loses all its value, pleasure,
used to knit us sweaters in such elaborate sweet wrappers. ➤ litter (v)  The
etc., spoil sth w Kim had planned to
designs! They were truly beautiful and word litter has no plural form.
have her birthday party in the garden so
impossible to copy! ➤ elaborate (v), everything was ruined when it rained. ➤ 4.166  protest /pr@"test/ (v) say or do
elaboration (n), elaborately (adv) ruin (n), ruined (adj) sth to show that you disagree with or
4.145  posture /"pQsÍ@(r)/ (n) the disapprove of sth, esp. publicly w When
4.156  element /"elIm@nt/ (n) a
position in which you hold your body some of the students protested about the
necessary or typical part of sth w His
when standing or sitting examination timetable, the headmaster
new book has all the elements of a
said nothing could be done about it.
4.146  solo /"s@Ul@U/ (adj) done by one best-seller and is bound to be a success.
➤ protest (n), protester (n)  We say
person alone 4.157  tradition /tr@"dISn/ (n) w Ireland protest against/about sth.
4.147  intricately /"IntrIk@tli/ (adj) has a long tradition in dairy products,
4.167  driveway /"draIvweI/ (n) a wide
having a lot of different parts and which they now export worldwide.
path or private road that leads from
small details that fit together w The 4.158  community /k@"mju:n@ti/ (n) the street to a house
intricate structure of the company the feeling of sharing things and
made it very difficult to tell who was belonging to a group
really in charge of it. ➤ intricate (adj)

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page 26 Use of page 27 Vocabulary 4.171  path /pA:T/ (n) a way or track
that is built or is made by the action
English 4.169  spot /spQt/ (v) see or notice a
person or thing, especially suddenly or
of people walking
4.172  stab /st&b/ (v) push a sharp,
4.168  broke into /br@Uk "Intu:/ (phr v) when it is not easy to do so w Your essay pointed object, especially a knife, into
past of break into See Phrasal verbs was very good, however I’ve spotted a sb, killing or injuring them
couple of mistakes that need correcting.
4.170  tummy /"tVmi/ (n) the stomach
or area round the stomach w Ben, if
you eat ten pieces of cake, your tummy
will hurt.

FCE Masterclass
© Oxford University Press 7