15.

5 ANGLE SUM PROPERTY OF A TRIANGLE

In the previous sections, we have learnt about various types of triangles. The angles of a
triangle possess an important property. In this section,- we shall state and prove this
property.
Property The sum of the angles of a triangle is two right angles or 180 ° .
Proof Let ABC be any triangle. Through A, draw a line XY parallel to the side BC as
shown in Fig. 13. The angles are shown in Fig. 13.
Properties of Triangles 15.7

X A y

B C
Fig. 13

SinceXYl!BC and the transversal AB cutsXY and BC atA andB respectively.

LI= L4 [·: Alternate interior angles are equal]

Similarly, XYII BC and the transversal AC cuts XY and BC at A and C

respectively.
L2= LS [·: Alternate interior angles are equal]
Also, L3 = L3
Adding the angles on the respective sides, we get
Ll + + L3 = L4 + L5 + L3
But, L4 + L5 + L3 = 180° [By linearity property]
Ll + + L3 = 180° 2 right angles.
Hence, the sum of the angles of a triangle is two right angels or 180°.

SOME IMPORTANT RESULTS From the above property) we obtain the following useful results:
(i) A triangle cannot have more than one right angle.
(ii) A triangle cannot have more than one obtuse angle i.e. if one angle of a triangle is obtuse,
then the other two are acute.
(iii) In a right triangle, the other two angles are acute and their sum is 90°.
Following examples will illustrate the applications of the above property.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
Example 1 Two angles of a triangle are of measures 75° and 35°. Find the measure of the
third angle.
Solution Let ABC be a triangle such that LB 75° and LC= 35°. Then, we have to find
the measure of the third angle A.
Now, LB= 75° and LC= 35°
~ LB+LC= +35°=110°
By the angle sum property of a triangle, we have
LA+LB+LC=180°
LA+ 110° = 180° [·: LB+ LC= 110°]
15.8 Mathematics for Class VII

=> LA= 180° - 110°

=> LA= 70°.
Example 2 One of the angles of a triangle has measure 80° and the other two angles are
equal. Find these two angles.
Solution Let ABC a triangle such that LA= 80° and LB= LC.
By the angle sum property of a triangle, we have
LA+ LB+ LC= 180°
=> 80° +LB +LB= 180° [·. · LA = 80° and = LB]
80° + 2L B = 180°
=> 2L B = 180° - 80°
=> 2L B = 100°

100)°
LB = ( - I = 50°
\ 2 )
Hence, the measure of each of the remaining two angles is 50°.
Example 3 Of the three angles of a triangle, one is twice the smallest and another is
three times the smallest. Find the angles.
Solution Let the smallest angle of the given triangle be of x 0
• Then, the other two
angles are of measures 2x 0 and 3x 0 •
x + 2x + 3x = ~80° [Angle sum property of a triangle J
6x = 180°
180°
X -- =30°
6
Hence, the angles of the triangle are 30°, 60° and 90°.
Example 4 Each of the two equal angles of a triangle is twice the third angle. Find the
angles of the triangle.
Solution Let the measure of the smallest angle be x 0
• Then each of the other two angles
has measure 2x 0 •
Since the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°.
x + 2x + 2x = 180
=> 5x = 180

5x 180
-
5 --- -5- x= 36

Thus, the angles of the triangle are 36°, 72°, 72°.

Example 5 If the angles of a triangle are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4, determine three angles.
Solution Let measures of the angles of triangle be 2x 0 , 3x 0 and 4x 0 • Then,
2x + 3x + 4x 180° !Sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°j
=> 9x = 180c
=> X = 20°
Hence, the angles of the triangle are 40°, 60° and 80°.
Properties of Triangles 15.9

Example 6 The sum of two angles of a triangle is equal to its third angle, Determine the
measure of the third angle.
Solution Let ABC be a triangle such that
LA+LB=LC ... (i)
We know that
LA+LB+L.C=180° ... (ii)
Putting LA+ L. B = L. C in (ii), we get
L. C + L. C = 180°
=? 2L. C = 180°
=> LC= 90°
Thus, the third angle is of go 0 •
Example 7 One of the acute angles of a right triangle is 58°. Find the other acute angle.
Solution Let the measure of the other acute angle be x 0 • Then, the angles of the triangle
are 90° , 58° and x 0
•

Since the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°.

90° + 58° +x = 180°
=? 148° + X = 180°
=? X = 180° - 148°

=? X = 32°
Hence, the measure of the other acute angle is 32°.
Example 8 In Fig. 14, D.ABC is right-angled at C, and CD l.AB. Also, L.A = 65°. Find
(i) LACD (ii) L.BCD (iii) L.CBD.
Solution Since D.ABC is right-angled at C. Therefore, LC= go 0

Also, L_ A = 65° [Given]

Now, sum of the angles of a triangle= 180°
C
L'.'.A + L.B + L. C = 180°
=? 65° + L. B + go = 180°
0

=? L. B = 180° - (65° + gQ 0 )
=? L. B = 180° - 155°
=> L.B = 25°
=? L'.'. CBD = 25° Fig. 14

Since CD l.AB. Therefore, L'.'.ADC = L'.'. CDB = go 0

In D.ACD, we have
L.ACD + L. CAD+ L'.'.ADC = 180°
=? L.ACD + 65° + go 0 = 180°
=> L ACD + 155° = 180°
=> L'.'. ACD = 180° -- 155° = 25°
In 6.BCD, we have
L.BCD + L. CBD + L.BDC= 180°
=? L. BCD + 25° + 90° = 180°
=> L BCD+ 115° = 180°
15.1 O Mathematics for Class VII

=} L BCD= 180° 115°

=::> LBCD=65°
Hence, L ACD = 25°, L BCD= 65° and L CBD = 25°.
Example9 In Fig. 15, D, E are points on sides AB, AC of Li ABC such that DEii BC. If
LB= 30° and LA== 40°, findx 0 ,y 0 ,z 0 •
A
Solution In LiABC, we have
LA= 40° and LB= 30°
LA + LB + L C = 180°
40° + 30° +LC= 180°
=} 70° + LC= 180°
LC= 180° 70°
=} LC= 110° B C
Fig. 15
=} y 0 = 110°
Now, DEii BC and transversal AB cuts them atD andB respectively.
LB LADE [Corresponding angles]
30° = x 0 => x 0 = 30°
Again, DE II BC and transversal AC cuts them at E and C respectively.
LACE= LAED [Corresponding angles]
=} yo =zo

2° 110° [·: yo 1100]

Hence,x = 30°,y = 110° andz = 110°.
0 0 0

Example 10 The Fig. 16 has been obtained by using two triangles. Find A
LA+LB+LC+LD+LE+LF
Solution We know that the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°. s_____,_ __.,__ __
In LiACE, we have LA+ LC+ LE= 180° ... (i)
In LiBDF, we have .L. B + L D + LF = 180° ... (ii)
Adding the corresponding sides of (i) and (ii), we get
(LA+ LC+ LE)+ (LB+ LD + LF)
=} 180° + 180°
D
=} LA + LB + L C + L D + LE + L F = 360° Fig.16
Example 11 Fig. 17 is made up of two triangles. Find
L DAB+ LABC + .L. BCD+ L CDA.
Solution We know that the sum of the angles of a C
triangle is 180°.
In Li ABC, we have
L ABC+ L BCA + L CAB = 180° ... (i)
In LiACD, we have
L DAG+ LACD + L CDA = 180° ... (ii) A
B
Fig. 17
Properties of Triangles 15.11

Adding the corresponding sides of (i) and (ii), we get

(LABC + L BCA + L. CAB)+ (L DAC + LACD + L CDA) = 180° + 180°
=} LABC + (L BCA + LACD) + (L CAB f·:
LBCA + LACD = LBCD 1 J
+ L DAC) + L CDA = 360° Land LCAB + LDAC = LDAB
=} LABC + LBCD + LDAB + LCDA = 360°.
Example 12 In five cornered Fig. 18,AD,AC are joined. Find
D
LEAB+LABC+LBCD +LCDE+LDEA
Solution We know that the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°.
In b,.ABC, we have E

L.ABC+LBAC+LBCA=180° .. .(i)
In b,. ACD, we have C
LACD + L CAD+ L CDA = 180° ... (ii)
In b,.ADE, we have
LDAE +LADE+ LDEA = 180° ... (iii) A B
Adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get Fig. 18

(LABC + L BAC + L BCA) + (LACD + L CAD+ L CDA) + DAE+ LADE

+ L DEA)= 180° + 180° + 180°.
=} LABC + (LBAC + LCAD + LDAE) + (LBCA + LACD)
+ (L CDA +LADE)+ LDEA = 540°
=} LABC+LEAB+LBCD+LCDE [·: LBAC+LCAD+LDAE LEABl
+ L DEA= 540°. LBCA + LACD = LBCD
and LCDA +LADE= LCDE _J

Example 13 The sides AB and AC of b,.ABC are produced to P and Q respectively. The
bisectors of exterior angles at Band C of b,.ABC meet at O (Fig. 19). Prove that
1
LBOC=90°-
2 LA
Solution Since LABC and LCBP form a linear pair.
LABC + LCBP = 180° ·: BO is the bisector of -J
=} LB + 2L 1 = 180° [ LCBP :. LCBP = 2L1
~ 2L1=180°-LB
1 A
L 1 = 90°-
2 LB ... (i)

Again, L ACB and L QCB form a linear pair.

LACB + L QCB = 180°
=> LC+ 2L 2 = 180° [·: OC is the bisector of LQCB] _ _ _ __
8
=> 2 L 2 = 180° - LC :. LQCB 2L2
1
L.2 = 90° -
2 LC ... (ii)

Now, in b,. BOC, we have p Q

0
L 1 + L 2 + L BOC = 180° Fig. 19
15.12 Mathematics for Class VII

1 1
goo - - LB+ goQ - - LC+ L BOC= 180° [Using (i) and (ii)]
2 2

1
=> 180° -
2 (L B +LC)+ L BOC= 180°

1 ·: LA+ LB+ L_C = 180°]

=> L BOC= (180° ~ LA) [ :. LB+ LC = 180° - LA
2
1
L BOC= goo --
=>
2 LA.
EXERCISE 15.2
1. Two angles of a triangle are of measures 105° and 30°. Find the measure of the third angle.
2. One of the angles of a triangle is 130°, and the other two angles are equal. What is the
measure of each of these equal angles?
3. The three angles of a triangle are equal to one another. What is the measure of each of the
angles?
4. If the angles of a triangle are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3, determine three angles.

½x - 10)
0
0 0
5. The angles of a triangle are (x - 40) , (x - 20) and ( • Find the value of x.

6. The angles of a triangle are arranged in ascending order of magnitude. If the difference
between two consecutive angles is 10°, find the three angles.
7. Two angles of a triangle are equal and the third angle is greater than each of those angles by
30°. Determine all the angles of the triangle.
8. If one angle of a triangle is eiqual to the sum of the other two, show that thei triangle is a right
triangle.
9. If each angle of a triangle is lless than the sum of the other two, show that the triangle is acute
angled.
10. In each of the following, the measures of three angles are given. State in which cases, the
angles can possibly be those~ of a triangle:
(i) 63°' 37°' 80° (ii) 45°' 61 °' 73°
(iii) 59°,72°,61° (iv) 45°,45°,90°
(v) 30°, 20°, 125°
11. The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 3 : 4 : 5. Find the smallest angle.
12. Two acute angles of a right triangle are equal. Find the two angles.
13. One angle of a triangle is greater than the sum of the other two. What can you say about the
measure of this angle? What type of a triangle is this?