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Block Diagram Reduction Rules: Example

The document describes rules for simplifying or reducing complex block diagrams into single blocks. The six rules are: 1) Simplify blocks in series, 2) Simplify blocks in parallel, 3) Simplify blocks in feedback loops, 4) Shift take-off points right if needed, 5) Shift summing points left if needed, and 6) Repeat until a single block is achieved. An example applies the rules to a sample block diagram in six steps, arriving at a single block and its transfer function. The document also provides steps for solving block diagram reduction problems and works through an example.

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372 views

Block Diagram Reduction Rules: Example

The document describes rules for simplifying or reducing complex block diagrams into single blocks. The six rules are: 1) Simplify blocks in series, 2) Simplify blocks in parallel, 3) Simplify blocks in feedback loops, 4) Shift take-off points right if needed, 5) Shift summing points left if needed, and 6) Repeat until a single block is achieved. An example applies the rules to a sample block diagram in six steps, arriving at a single block and its transfer function. The document also provides steps for solving block diagram reduction problems and works through an example.

Uploaded by

olunla olunlaa
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Block Diagram Reduction Rules

Follow these rules for simplifying (reducing) the block diagram, which is having many
blocks, summing points and take-off points.
 Rule 1 − Check for the blocks connected in series and simplify.
 Rule 2 − Check for the blocks connected in parallel and simplify.
 Rule 3 − Check for the blocks connected in feedback loop and simplify.
 Rule 4 − If there is difficulty with take-off point while simplifying, shift it towards
right.
 Rule 5 − If there is difficulty with summing point while simplifying, shift it towards
left.
 Rule 6 − Repeat the above steps till you get the simplified form, i.e., single
block.
Note − The transfer function present in this single block is the transfer function of the
overall block diagram.

Example

Consider the block diagram shown in the following figure. Let us simplify (reduce) this
block diagram using the block diagram reduction rules.

Step 1 − Use Rule 1 for blocks G1G1 and G2G2. Use Rule 2 for


blocks G3G3 and G4G4. The modified block diagram is shown in the following figure.
Step 2 − Use Rule 3 for blocks G1G2G1G2 and H1H1. Use Rule 4 for shifting take-off
point after the block G5G5. The modified block diagram is shown in the following figure.

Step 3 − Use Rule 1 for blocks (G3+G4)(G3+G4) and G5G5. The modified block


diagram is shown in the following figure.
Step 4 − Use Rule 3 for blocks (G3+G4)G5(G3+G4)G5 and H3H3. The modified
block diagram is shown in the following figure.

Step 5 − Use Rule 1 for blocks connected in series. The modified block diagram is
shown in the following figure.
Step 6 − Use Rule 3 for blocks connected in feedback loop. The modified block
diagram is shown in the following figure. This is the simplified block diagram.

Therefore, the transfer function of the system is


Y(s)R(s)=G1G2G25(G3+G4)(1+G1G2H1){1+
(G3+G4)G5H3}G5−G1G2G5(G3+G4)H2Y(s)R(s)=G1G2G52(G3+G4)(1+G1G2H1){1+
(G3+G4)G5H3}G5−G1G2G5(G3+G4)H2
Note − Follow these steps in order to calculate the transfer function of the block
diagram having multiple inputs.
 Step 1 − Find the transfer function of block diagram by considering one input at
a time and make the remaining inputs as zero.
 Step 2 − Repeat step 1 for remaining inputs.
 Step 3 − Get the overall transfer function by adding all those transfer functions

 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
999999
Example of Block Diagram Reduction

Till now we have seen the important rules to be kept in mind while reducing the
block diagram. Let us now see an example to have a better understanding of the
same.

First, see the procedural steps to be followed for solving block diagram reduction
problems:

1. The directly connected blocks in series must be reduced to a single block.


2. Further, reduce the parallely connected block into a single block.
3. Now reduce the internally connected minor feedback loops.
4. If shifting does not increase the complexity, then try having the take-off
point towards the right while summing point towards left.
5. Repeat the above-discussed steps to have a simplified system.
6. Now determine the transfer function of the overall closed-loop simplified
system.
Consider a closed-loop system shown here and find the transfer function of the
system:

Reducing the 3 directly connected blocks in series into a single block, we will
have:
Further, we can see 3 blocks are present that are connected parallely. Thus on
reducing blocks in parallel, we will have:

Further on simplifying the internal closed-loop system, the overall internal gain
will be

So, we will have:


Now reducing the two blocks in series:

So, this is the reduced canonical form of a closed-loop system.

We know gain of the closed-loop system is given as:

Therefore,

On simplifying the equation

This is the overall transfer function of the given control system.

999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
Problem 1
 
1. Obtain the Transfer function of the given block diagram
 
 
2. Obtain the transfer function for the system shown in the fig

 
3. Obtain the transfer function C/R for the block diagram shown in the fig

Solution
The take-off point is shifted after the block G2
 
 

99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

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